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Due to high material density, high energy consumption density and CO 2 emission density, it is not only difficult but significant to clarify the relationship between energy consumption, the CO 2 emission and the production cost in different conditions. However, the previous researches rarely refer how to balance the energy consumption, the CO 2 emission and the production cost after the fluctuation of material, energy and carbon price as well as what will happen to them if production structure changes. Therefore, based on the conservation law of mass and energy, to study iron and steel manufacturing process (ISMP), this paper, taking carbon price into consideration, establishes a muti-optimization model of energy consumption, CO 2 emission and cost. After optimization with different objectives, the production cost per tonne of crude steel is reduced by 192.03 CNY (7.71%), the CO 2 emission per tonne of crude steel is reduced by 224.22 kg (13.37%), and the energy consumption per tonne of steel is reduced by 51.20 kgce (9.10%). Moreover, based on the optimization results under different objectives, it is ironmaking process (coal ratio and ore ratio) and steelmaking process (amount of scrap steel) that has more impact on three above as well as ore blending and coal blending have a great influence on production cost but little effect on energy consumption and CO 2 emission., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The integrated optimization and analysis of material and energy flows are effective ways to reduce energy consumption and costs in the iron and steel sector. There is still a lack of research on the multi-objective optimization of the integrated steel production process and the auxiliary energy process. To fill this gap, this paper presented a single- and multi-objective optimization model for material and energy scheduling and utilization of the steelworks. This model considered physical and chemical conversion mechanisms in the production process, as well as operating characteristics and production-consumption relations of equipment in the gas-steam-electricity network. The objective function was constructed using comprehensive energy consumption (CEC) and economic cost (EC), and fuzzy sets were used to find a compromise solution and the trade-off operation strategies between the two goals. The CEC and EC effectively dropped by 5.09% and 7.29%, respectively, in comparison to the actual enterprise value, through the optimization of the material ratio, product structure, energy utilization, and other parameters of the steelworks. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of the effects of variables such as the ratio of pellets, the ratio of scrap, the hot charging temperature of the slab, and the utilization of surplus gases was conducted. • A single- and multi-objective optimization model for material and energy scheduling and utilization is proposed. • The compromise solution of energy consumption and economic multi-objective optimization is found. • Influence of material and energy flows on variation in multi-objective is discussed. • Highly efficient and cost-effective modes of using surplus gases are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel assessment method is proposed to increase benefits of manufacturing systems. • Networks of material, energy, environment and economic are thoroughly considered. • The comprehensive value flow is presented considering the exergy of energy. • Feasible suggestions are therefore proposed to improve the performance in energy and economic. • It is confirmed efficient in following case study with dramatic improved comprehensive benefits. The comprehensive assessment of the performance of production system is a crucial activity for the implementation of sustainable production practices for the manufacturing industry. The existing relevant assessment methods are not comprehensive enough, especially in terms of material, energy, environment and economics. They lack specific economic performance indicators based on industrial systematic analysis, and couldn't give a clear explanation for the comprehensive value flow in the production process. This paper proposes a novel assessment method, called Comprehensive Value Flow Analysis, which aims to describe and classify activities in the network of material, energy, environment and economics according to systematic energy saving and lean production theory. The drawing method of comprehensive value flow and a new cost-benefit indicator named advanced cost-profit ratio are proposed for identifying quantitatively the criticalities related to activities, processes, systems, technologies, etc. And significant suggestions for the improvement strategies implementation are given. A case study of a typical iron and steel enterprise has been evaluated using this method. Moreover, it successfully identifies the issues about energy structure, production structure and technologies application with a global perspective by explicating the comprehensive value flow and analyzing the relevant indicators, and then offering some valuable suggestions for sustainable development. The analysis highlighted that every enterprise has its own marginal benefits according to the production status and market economy. In summary, it is favorable to make real and effective decisions on improvement for the comprehensive benefits of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]