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Genus Leucocyphoniscus Verhoeff, 1900 TYPE SPECIES. ��� Leucocyphoniscus verruciger Verhoeff, 1900 by monotypy., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on page 198, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502

Alloschizidium labronicum n. sp. (Figs 18-20, 21G) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3B 200712 -4876-4ED3-BEA3-1607966B9900 TYPE MATERIAL. ��� Holotype. ♂, Ponte Maroccone, Antignano, 1.5 km S of Antignano, 43��28���47���N, 10��20���02���E, 20 m a.s.l., holm oak wood, under deeply enbedded stones, leg. S. Taiti, 29.III.1986 (MZUF 9677). Paratypes. 2 ♀, same data as holotype (MZUF 9677); 1 ♀, near Livorno, holm oak wood, leg. S. Zoia, 28.V.1980 (MZUF 9678). DIAGNOSIS. ��� A blind, colourless species of Alloschizidium characterized by piliform dorsal scale-setae, cephalon with reduced postscutellar line, telson trapezoidal, as wide as long with truncate apex, uropodal exopod as wide as long, male pleopod 1 exopod with broadly rounded medial margin. ETYMOLOGY. ��� From the Latin name labronicus = inhabitant of Labro, cited in a letter by Marcus Tullius Cicero, and which refers to the Tuscan town of Leghorn (Livorno in Italian). DESCRIPTION Maximum length: ♂, 3 mm; ♀, 4 mm. Body colourless, strongly convex with vertical epimera, able to roll up into a perfect ball (Fig. 18A). Back smooth covered with piliform scale-setae (Fig. 18B). Cephalon (Fig. 18C, D) with triangular scutellum slightly depressed in the middle and distinctly separated from vertex but not protruding above it; frontal line continuing the scutellar upper margin; postscutellar line reduced; antennary lobes quadrangular, obliquely directed frontwards; eyes absent. Pereonite 1 (Fig. 18E) with posterior margin slightly concave; postero-lateral schisma with outer lobe rounded and distinctly protruding backwards; lateral margin slightly thickened. Pereonites 1-3 with small rounded ventral tooth. Telson (Fig. 18F) trapezoidal, almost as long as wide, with slightly concave sides and truncate apex. Antennula (Fig. 18G) of three articles, tuft of about five aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 18H) with flagellum as long as fifth article of peduncle; second flagellar article about three times as long as first and bearing 1 + 1 + 3 aesthetascs. Mandibles (Fig. 19A, B) with molar penicil consisting of many setae and 2 + 2 free penicils on the left and 1 + 2 on the right mandible. Maxillula (Fig. 19C) outer branch with 4+6 (5 slightly cleft) teeth, inner branch with two stout penicils. Maxilla (Fig. 19D) with bilobed and setose apex. Maxilliped (Fig. 19E) endite with two triangular terminal spines, one subterminal strong seta and triangular spine on medial margin. Pleopod 1 and 2 exopods with monospiracular covered lungs. Uropod (Fig. 19F) with exopod flattened, almost as long as wide; endopod longer than exopod. Male Pereopod 1 (Fig. 20A) carpus with two lines of strong setae with multipointed apices near sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 20B) with no distinct sexual modifications, ischium with straight sternal margin. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 20C) exopod about twice as wide as long, with broadly rounded medial margin; endopod with apical part thickset, straight, and bearing a row of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 20D) exopod triangular with slightly concave outer margin bearing single seta; endopod narrow and distinctly longer than exopod. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Fig. 20E-G. REMARKS The genus Alloschizidium comprises 12 species with a Tyrrhenian distribution (Schmalfuss 2003; Taiti & Argano 2009). In having the dorsal surface covered with piliform scale-setae, the new species resembles A. sardoum (Arcangeli, 1933) from Sardinian caves, A. remyi (Vandel, 1944) from Corsica, A. eeae Argano & Utzeri, 1973 from Ponza Island, and A. cavernicolum Taiti & Ferrara, 1995 from a cave in southern Tuscany. It differs from A. sardoum and A. eeae in having shorter telson and uropodal exopods as wide as long instead of longer than wide; from A. sardoum, A. remyi and A. eeae in the male pleo- pod 1 exopod without posterior point; from A. remyi also in the absence of any trace of eyes (a single ocellum in A. remyi is distinctly visible, see Taiti & Ferrara 1996)., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on pages 218-220, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["SCHMALFUSS H. 2003. - World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A 654: 1 - 341.","TAITI S. & ARGANO R. 2009. - New species of terrestrial isopods from Sardinia (Isopoda: Oniscidea), in CERRETTI P., MASON F., MINELLI A., NARDI G. & WHITMORE D. (eds). Research on the terrestrial arthropods of Sardinia (Italy). Zootaxa 2318: 38 - 55.","ARCANGELI A. 1933. - Due nuove specie cieche della famiglia Armadillidiidae (isopodi terrestri). Archivio Zoologico Italiano 19: 389 - 403, pls 5, 6.","ARGANO R. & UTZERI C. 1973. - Oniscoidea delle Isole Ponziane: Eluminae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Armadillidiidae). Fragmenta Entomologica 9: 143 - 155.","TAITI S. & FERRARA F. 1995. - Isopodi terrestri (Crustacea, Oniscidea) delle grotte della Toscana (Italia Centrale). Memoires de Biospeologie 12: 169 - 196.","FERRARA F. & TAITI S. 1996. - Typhlarmadillidium ruffoi nuova specie di isopodo terrestre dei Colli Euganei (Padova) (Crustacea, Oniscidea, Armadillidiidae). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona 20: 727 - 732."]}

Trogleluma pilosa n. sp. (Figs 15-17, 21F) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 40EECF8F-2A3C-4FB0-9414-F21F6A4B7267 “ Paraschizidium ” sp. – Taiti & Ferrara 1989: 81, fig. 5. Trogleluma sp. – Taiti 2007: 96. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. ♂, Poggio Capalbiaccio, Prov. Grosseto, 42°27’N, 11°22’E, oak wood, under deeply enbedded stones, leg. F. Ferrara, S. Taiti and A. Poggesi, 5.XI.1984 (MZUF 1772). Paratypes. 3 ♀, same data as holotype (MZUF 1772); 1 ♀, Poggio Forane, Prov. Grosseto, 42°31’N, 11°22’E, downy oak wood, un- der deeply enbedded stones, leg. A. Poggesi, F. Ferrara and S. Taiti, 5.XI.1984 (MZUF 9676); 1 ♀, Parco Naturale della Maremma, near San Rabano, Prov. Grosseto, 42°38’06”N, 11°05’49”E, under deeply enbedded stones, leg. S. Vanni, 23.IV.1986 (MZUF 7639). DIAGNOSIS. — A blind, colourless species of Trogleluma characterized by dorsal surface covered with piliform scale-setae, uropodal exopod with parallel sides, male pereopod 7 ischium with concave sternal margin, male pleopod 1 exopod triangular with broadly rounded apex and some setae near inner margin. ETYMOLOGY. — From the Latin pilosus = hairy. The name refers to the dorsal surface covered with long piliform scale-setae. DESCRIPTION Maximum length: ♂, 5 mm; ♀, 5.5 mm. Body colourless, strongly convex, able to roll up into a perfect ball (Fig. 15A), dorsally covered with long piliform scale-setae (Fig. 15B); one line of noduli laterales per side on pereonites, more or less at the same distance from lateral margin (Fig. 15A). Cephalon (Fig. 15C, D) with a V-shaped scutellum and continuous frontal line; antennary lobes oblique; eyes absent. Pereonite 1 (Fig. 15E) with posterior margin slightly concave at sides; no schisma on postero-lateral margin and with small ventral tooth. Telson (Fig. 15F) subtriangular, as wide as long, with slightly concave sides and rounded apex. Antennula (Fig. 15G) of three articles, second article shortest, two subapical rows with nine aestethacs in total and pointed apex. Antenna (Fig. 15H) with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; second flagellar article about three times as long as first bearing three rows of aesthetascs. Mandibles (Fig. 16A, B) with molar penicils semidichotomized and 2+ 3 penicils on the left and 1 + 3 on the right mandible. Maxillula (Fig. 16C) outer branch with 4+ 6 (5 cleft) teeth, inner branch with two slender penicils. Maxilla (Fig. 16D) with bilobed and setose apex, outer lobe wider than inner one. Maxilliped (Fig. 16E) endite with two triangular terminal spines, one subterminal strong seta. Pleopod 1 and 2 exopods with monospiracular covered lungs. Uropod (Fig. 16F) protopod as long as exopod; exopod rectangular, flattened, longer than wide with parallel sides; endopod slightly longer than exopod. Male Pereopod 1 (Fig. 17A) with some strong setae on sternal margin of merus and carpus. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 17B) ischium with concave sternal margin. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 17C) exopod triangular with broadly rounded apex and some setae near inner margin; endopod with pointed apex, slightly bent outwards and bearing a row of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 17D) exopod triangular much longer than wide; endopod elongated and much longer than exopod. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Fig. 17 E-G. REMARKS Trogleluma was erected by Vandel (1946) as a subgenus of Troglarmadillidium Verhoeff, 1900 to include the new spe- cies Troglarmadillidium (Trogleluma) machadoi from caves in southern Portugal. Reboleira et al. (2015) raised it to genus level and redescribed the type species which is the only species in the genus presently known. The new species differs from T. machadoi in having piliform instead of triangular dorsal scale-setae, the telson with more rounded apex, the male pereopod 7 ischium with concave, instead of straight, sternal margin, the male pleopod 1 exopod with a more pronounced distal part, and the male pleopod 2 exopod with slightly, instead of deeply, concave outer margin (compare Figs 15-17 with Reboleira et al. 2015: figs 33, 34). The record of this new species considerably enlarges the distribution of the genus.

Moserius gruberae n. sp. (Figs 4-6, 21B) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E737A91A-335D-4E97-BF61-52D2DB4F25DD TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. ♂, Monte Pisano, Grotta del Cane di Uliveto, 137 T/PI, 43°42’09”N, 10°31’14”E, Caprona, Uliveto Terme, Prov. Pisa, leg. S. Taiti, G. A. Gruber and P. Maestrini, 3.II.2007 (MZUF 9667). Paratypes. 21 ♂, 19 ♀, same data as holotype (MZUF 9667); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same data (MNHN-IU- 2017-1439); 11♂, 13 ♀, Monte Pisano, Grotta dello Strinato, 79 T/PI, 43°42’03”N, 10°31’05”E, Uliveto Terme, Vicopisano, Prov. Pisa, leg. S. Taiti and G. A. Gruber, 3.II.2007 (MZUF 9668). DIAGNOSIS. — A species of Moserius characterized by the male pleopod 1 endopod with the second article having parallel sides, distally with sinuous outer margin and rounded apex, and the male pleopod 2 endopod with apical part bent outwards. ETYMOLOGY. — The new species in named after Dr Gertrud Anna Gruber, Bolzano, for her invaluable help in collecting the specimens. DESCRIPTION Maximum length: ♂, 3.3 mm; ♀, 3.5 mm. Body colourless, ovoidal, outline not interrupted between pereon and pleon (Fig. 4A). Dorsum bearing ribs and tubercles (Fig. 4 A-C): cephalon with three small tubercles on profrons, vertex with one large central tubercle with 3 +3 rounded tips, and 3 +3 rounded tubercles near rear margin; pereonite 1 with 4+4 longitudinal ribs; pereonites 2-6 with 3+3 longitudinal ribs; pereonite 7 with 2+ 2 ribs; pleonite 3 with two large paramedian tubercles. Cephalon (Fig. 4B, C) with short, subquadrangular frontal lateral lobes, directed outwards and not protruding compared with median lobe. Eyes absent. Pereonites 5-7 with epimera slightly pointing backwards (Fig. 4A). Pleonites 3-5 (Fig. 4A, D) with large epimera directed backwards. Telson (Fig. 4D) about twice as wide as long, distal part trapezoidal with concave sides and truncate apex. Antennula (Fig. 4E) of three articles subequal in length, with three long aestethacs at apex. Antenna (Fig. 4F) with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, with three aesthetascs on second article. Mandibles (Fig. 5A, B) with one free penicil on the right and two free penicils on the left. Maxillula (Fig. 5C) outer branch with 4 + 6 teeth, setose stem among outer group of teeth, inner branch with three stout penicils at apex, inner penicil smaller than other two. Maxilla (Fig. 5D) with bilobed and setose apex. Maxilliped (Fig. 5E) endite with stout subtriangular penicil at apex, palp distally rounded with long setae, basal article with two setae. Uropod (Fig. 5F) with flattened protopod; exopod slightly shorter than endopod, with tuft of apical setae; endopod with single apical seta. Male Pereopod 1 (Fig. 6A) with no distinct modifications. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 6B) ischium with slightly convex sternal margin, carpus with large distal lobe on sternal margin. Genital papilla as in Fig. 6C. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 6D) exopod triangular, longer than wide, slightly concave outer margin and straight medial margin; endopod distinctly longer than exopod, second article with parallel sides, distally with sinuous outer margin and rounded apex. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 6E) exopod longer than wide, with concave outer margin and sinuous medial margin; endopod much longer than exopod with apical part bent outwards. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Figs 6 F-H. REMARKS The new species is included in the genus Moserius for the dorsal ornamentation, i.e. presence of 4+4 longitudinal ribs on the pereonite 1, 3 + 3 on the pereonites 2-6, 2 + 2 on pereonite 7, and two tubercles on the pleonite 3. As pointed out by Taiti & Ferrara (1995) the genus Moserius is very similar in the dorsal ornamentation to Carloniscus Verhoeff, 1936, which comprises only the species C. dollfusi (Carl, 1908) from south-eastern France and Corsica. Moserius seems to be also very similar to the genus Beroniscus Vandel, 1967 with two cave-dwelling species from Bulgaria (B. capreolus Vandel, 1967) and from Sicily (B. marcelli Vandel, 1969) (see Vandel 1967, 1969). It is uncertain that the three genera are really distinct and a molecular analysis might clarify this problem. To date, the genus Moserius includes three species: M. percoi recorded from caves in Slovenia, Tuscany and the subspecies M. percoi ribaldonei Brian, 1963, from Liguria, M. elbanus Taiti & Ferrara, 1995, from a cave on Elba Island, Tuscany, and M. inexpectatus Reboleira & Taiti, 2015, from a cave in central Portugal. The new species differs from M. percoi in the number and disposition of the dorsal tubercles on the cephalon and in the longer second rib from the median line on the pereonite 1 (see Strouhal 1940 and Taiti & Ferrara 1995); from M. elbanus in having all the ribs on the pereonite 1 of equal length, the presence of a lobe on the male pereopod 7 carpus, and the distal part of the male pleopod 1 endopod with rounded instead of pointed apex (see Taiti & Ferrara 1995); from M. inexpectatus in the absence of dorsal tubercles on the pleonites 4, 5 and telson, and especially in the male pleopod 1 exopod with a rounded instead of sinuous distal margin (see Reboleira et al. 2015).

Genus Typhlarmadillidium Verhoeff, 1900 TYPE SPECIES. ��� Armadillidium (Typhlarmadillidium) trebinjanum Verhoeff, 1900 by subsequent designation (Verhoeff 1933)., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on page 208, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["VERHOEFF K. W. 1933. - Arthropoden aus sudostalpinen Hohlen, gesammelt von Karl Strasser, Triest. 7. Aufsatz. Mitteilungen uber Hohlen- und Kartphorschung 4: 1 - 21."]}

Genus Paraschizidium Verhoeff, 1919 TYPE SPECIES. ��� Armadillidium (Paraschizidium) olearum Verhoeff, 1919 by monotypy., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on page 210, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502

Paraschizidium ferrarai n. sp. (Figs 12- 14, 21E) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 70FC4AC6-19FA-4234-AA6E-2E562594A3A1 Paraschizidium olearum ��� Taiti & Ferrara 1980: 285; 1989: 81. TYPE MATERIAL. ��� Holotype. ♂, Isola di Gorgona, above Cala Scirocco, Prov. Livorno, 43��25���23���N, 9��53���59���E, under deeply enbed- ded stones, leg. S. Taiti, S. Vanni and A. Nistri, 19.IV.1995 (MZUF 9674). Paratypes. 1♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MZUF 9674); 1 ♀, Isola di Gorgona, Prov. Livorno, 43��25���51���N, 9��54���23���E, above harbour, pine wood under deeply enbedded stones, leg. S. Taiti and S. Vanni, 30.X-1.XI.1979 (MZUF 449); 2 ♂, same locality, leg. S. Taiti, S. Vanni and A. Nistri, 21.IV.1995 (MZUF 9675). DIAGNOSIS. ��� A blind, colourless species of Paraschizidium characterized by claviform dorsal scale-setae, antennula of three articles, male pleopod 1endopod with bilobed apex. ETYMOLOGY. ��� The new species is named after Dr Franco Ferrara (Florence) for his invaluable contribution on the taxonomy of Oniscidea. DESCRIPTION Maximum length: ♂, 2.3 mm; ♀, 2.8 mm. Body colourless, strongly convex, able to roll up into a perfect ball (Fig. 12A), dorsally covered with claviform scale-setae (Fig. 12B); one line of noduli laterales per side on pereonites, more or less at the same distance from lateral margin (Fig. 12A). Cephalon (Fig. 12 C-E) with a V-shaped scutellum clearly opened dorsally, antennary lobes narrow, quadrangular; eyes absent. Pereonite 1 (Fig. 12F) with posterior margin almost straight, postero-lateral corner slightly sinuous but with no schisma, ventrally with a small rounded tooth. Telson (Fig. 12G) subtriangular, wider than long, with slightly convex sides and broadly rounded apex. Antennula (Fig. 12H) of three articles, second article shortest, five aesthetascs at apex. Antenna (Fig. 12I) with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; second flagellar article about three times as long as first, with two rows of aesthetascs. Mandibles (Fig. 13A, B) with molar penicil semidichotomized and 1+ 3 free penicils on left and 1+ 1 on right mandible. Maxillula (Fig. 13C) outer branch with 4+ 5 (2 cleft) teeth, inner branch with two small stout penicils. Maxilla (Fig. 13D) with bilobed and setose apex. Maxilliped (Fig. 13E) endite with two triangular terminal spines, one subterminal strong seta and a triangular spine on medial corner. Pleopod 1 and 2 with monospiracular covered lungs. Uropod (Fig. 13F) with exopod flattened and wider than long, endopod longer than exopod. Male Pereopod 1 (Fig. 14A) carpus with some strong setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 14B) with no distinct sexual modifications, ischium with straight sternal margin. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 14C) exopod trapezoidal, much wider than long, with crenulate outer margin; endopod with bilobed apex, slightly bent outwards and bearing short setae near medial margin. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 14D) exopod triangular, with one seta on outer margin; endopod much longer than exopod.Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Fig. 14 E-G. REMARKS At present, the genus Paraschizidium comprises four species: P. coeculum (Silvestri, 1897) widely distributed from Spain to Croatia and Hungary, P. hispanum Arcangeli, 1935 from Spain, P. roubali Frankenberger, 1940 from Czech Republic, which is most probably a junior synonym of P. coeculum (Manicastri & Taiti 1994), and P. esterelanum Juchault & Legrand, 1962 from France. Two more species from Greece (P. levithae Sfenthourakis, 1995 and P. polyvotisi Sfenthourakis, 1995) are presently included in the genus but they should belong to the genus Schizidium Verhoeff, 1901. In fact, Schmalfuss (2008) clearly stated that all the Greek species of Paraschizidium possessing a schisma on the pereonite 1 should be transferred to the genus Schizidium, even if he forgot to include those two species in the list of Schizidium species (S. Sfenthourakis pers. comm.). The new species is readily distinguished from P. coeculum and P. roubali in having claviform instead of piliform dorsal scale-setae; from P. hispanum in having the antennula of three instead of two articles, the male pereopod 7 ischium with straight instead of concave sternal margin, the male pleopod 1 endopod slightly, instead of distinctly, bent outwards. Paraschizidium ferrarai n. sp. is similar to P. esterelanum in having the antennula of three segments and the same shape of the uropodal exopod; it differs in the male pleopod 1 exopod trapezoidal instead of rectangular, with outer margin crenulate instead of straight, and in the endopod with distinctly bilobed apex. As pointed out by Manicastri &Taiti (1994) the populations reported by Vandel (1962) as P. olearum, or at least some of them, might belong to the new species P. ferrarai n. sp. (see also S��chet & No��l 2015 and No��l & S��chet 2017)., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on pages 210-215, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["TAITI S. & FERRARA F. 1980 - Nuovi studi sugli Isopodi terrestri dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Redia 63: 249 - 300.","TAITI S. & FERRARA F. 1989. - Biogeography and ecology of terrestrial isopods from Tuscany. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Monografia 4: 75 - 101.","MANICASTRI C. & TAITI S. 1994. - Gli isopodi terrestri dell'Appennino umbro-marchigiano (Crustacea, Oniscidea). Biogeographia 17: 125 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.21426 / B 617110331","SCHMALFUSS H. 2008. - The terrestrial isopod genus Schizidium (Isopoda: Oniscidea): systematics, distribution, morphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, A, Neue Serie 1: 143 - 151.","VANDEL A. 1962. - Faune de France, 66. Isopodes terrestres (deuxieme partie). Editions Paul Lechevalier, Paris: 417 - 931.","SECHET E. & NOEL F. 2015. - Catalogue commente des Crustaces Isopodes terrestres de France metropolitaine (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux 16: 1 - 156.","NOEL F. & SECHET E. 2017. - Inventaire actualise des Isopodes terrestres (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) du Parc national de Port-Cros et de l'aire optimale d'adhesion (Var, Provence, France)."]}

Genus Moserius Strouhal, 1940 TYPE SPECIES. ��� Moserius percoi Strouhal, 1940 by monotypy., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on page 202, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["STROUHAL H. 1940. - Moserius percoi nov. gen. nov. spec., eine neue Hohlen-Hockerassel, nebst einer Ubersicht uber die Halplophthalminen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 129: 13 - 30."]}

Typhlarmadillidium occidentale n. sp. (Figs 9-11, 21D) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 78E1A6C8-9D88-483F-87C1-F33FD25FA02E TYPE MATERIAL. ��� Holotype. ♂ Monte Pisano, Grotta del Cane di Uliveto, 137 T/PI, 43��42���09���N, 10��31���14���E, Caprona, Uliveto Terme, Prov. Pisa, leg. S. Taiti, G. A. Gruber and P. Maestrini, 3.II.2007 (MZUF 9670). Paratypes. 1 ♂, 7 ♀, same data as holotype (MZUF 9670); 5 ♂, 3♀, Monte Pisano, Buca della Croce di Agnano N. 2, 78 T/PI, 43��44���09���N, 10��28���25���E, Agnano, Prov. Pisa, leg. S. Taiti, 12.X.2011 (MZUF 9671); 2 ♂, 10 ♀, same locality, leg. S. Taiti and F. Stoch, 10.IX.2011 (MZUF 9672); 2 ♀, same data (MNHN-IU- 2017-1438); 1 ♀, Monti d���Oltreserchio, Grotta della Spoletta, 1431 T/PI, 43��47���44���N, 10��23���35���E, Vecchiano, Prov. Pisa, leg. S. Taiti, 25.I.2008 (MZUF 9673). DIAGNOSIS. ��� A blind, colourless species of Typhlarmadillidium characterized by the pereonite 1 with postero-lateral corner slightly sinuous, telson with broadly rounded apex, uropod exopod shorter than telson, male pleopod 1 endopod with triangular apical part bent outwards and exopod with sinuous outer margin. ETYMOLOGY. ��� Latin: occidentalis = western. The name refers to the most western distribution of the species within the genus. DESCRIPTION Maximum length: ♂, 8.5 mm; ♀, 9.5 mm. Body colourless, strongly convex, able to roll up into a perfect ball (Fig. 9A). Back smooth with sparse small triangular scale-setae (Fig. 9B); one line of noduli laterales per side on pereonites, more or less at the same distance from the lateral margin (Fig. 9A). Cephalon (Fig. 9C, D) with a V-shaped scutellum clearly opened dorsally and depressed, antennary lobes small, eyes absent. Pereonite 1 (Fig. 9E, F) with posterior margin slightly concave, postero-lateral corner slightly sinuous with no schisma, small rounded tooth on ventral surface. Pereonite 2 (Fig. 9G) and 3 with a small ventral rounded tooth. Telson (Fig. 9H) subtriangular, longer than wide, with broadly rounded apex. Antennula (Fig. 9I) of three articles, second article much shorter than first and third, third article with pointed apex and subapical row of seven aestethacs. Antenna (Fig. 9J) with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum, second flagellar article about three times as long as first, five rows of 1-3 aesthetascs each on second article. Mandibles (Fig. 10A, B) with molar penicil semidichotomized, 2 + 3 free penicils on the left and 1 + 3 on the right mandible. Maxillula (Fig. 10C) outer branch with 4+ 6 (4 cleft) teeth, inner branch with two penicils. Maxilla (Fig. 10D) with bilobed and setose apex, outer lobe twice as wide as inner lobe. Maxilliped (Fig. 10E) endite with two triangular terminal spines, one subterminal strong seta and bilobed distal-medial corner. Pleopods 1 and 2 (Fig. 11D, E) with monospiracular covered lungs. Uropod (Fig. 10F) protopod slightly longer than exopod, exopod twice as long as wide, endopod much longer than exopod. Male Pereopod 1 (Fig. 11A) carpus with row of strong setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 11B) with no distinct sexual modifications, ischium with straight sternal margin. Genital papilla as in Fig. 11C. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 11D) exopod wider than long with sinuous outer margin and broadly rounded apex; endopod with triangular apical part slightly bent outwards bearing row of short setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 11E) exopod slightly shorter than endopod. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Fig. 11 F-H. REMARKS The new species is included in the genus Typhlarmadillidium since it has a V-shaped scutellum clearly opened dorsally, small antennary lobes, pereonite 1 with no schisma, telson triangular, and uropod much longer than wide. To date, the genus Typhlarmadillidium included three species: T. kratochvili (Frankenberger, 1938) from Croatia, T. trebinjanum (Verhoeff, 1900) from Croatia, Herzegovina and Montenegro, and T. ruffoi Ferrara & Taiti, 1996 from north-eastern Italy. The new species considerably enlarges the genus distribution towards the West. The new species is readily distinguished from T. kratochvili and T. trebinjanum in the uropodal exopods not surpassing the apex of telson and in the shape of the telson with a broader distal part; from T. trebinjanum also in the male pereopod 7 ischium with straight instead of concave sternal margin (compare Fig. 11B and Strouhal 1939: fig. 12); from T. ruffoi in the telson being longer than wide, the uropodal exopod being comparatively longer, the male pleopod 1 exopod with sinuous outer margin and endopod with apical part pointed and bent outwards instead of rounded (compare Ferrara & Taiti 1996)., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on page 208, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["FERRARA F. & TAITI S. 1996. - Typhlarmadillidium ruffoi nuova specie di isopodo terrestre dei Colli Euganei (Padova) (Crustacea, Oniscidea, Armadillidiidae). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona 20: 727 - 732.","STROUHAL H. 1939. - Landasseln aus Balkanhohlen, gesammelt von Prof. Dr A. Absolon. 7. Mitteilung. Zoologischer Anzeiger 126: 68 - 76."]}

Leucocyphoniscus pisanus n. sp. (Figs 1-3, 21A) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2C35B10A-CEA5-46BC-BCF6-1C8BD85810BC TYPE MATERIAL. ��� Holotype. ♂, Monte Pisano, Buca delle Fate di Cima Sugheretta, 1823 T/PI, 43��44���37���N, 10��29���03���E, San Giuliano Terme, Prov. Pisa, leg. S. Taiti and G. A. Gruber, 20.I.2007 (MZUF 9664). Paratypes. 3 ♂, 12♀, same data as holotype (MZUF 9664); 9 ♂, 6 ♀, same locality as holotype, leg. S. Taiti, 25.I.2008 (MZUF 9665); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data (MNHN-IU- 2017-1438); 1♀, Monti d���Oltreserchio, Tana della Volpe di Baccanella, 247 T/ PI, 43��47���05���N, 10��24���09���E, Baccanella, Vecchiano, Prov. Pisa, leg. S. Taiti and M. Del Guasta, 10.II.2007 (MZUF 9666). DIAGNOSIS. ��� A species of Leucocyphoniscus characterized by the cephalon with three large tubercles and a very prominent tubercle on pleonite 3. ETYMOLOGY. ��� The new species in named after the sampling locality (Monte Pisano). DESCRIPTION Maximum length: ♂, 3.8 mm; ♀, 4.1 mm. Body colourless, ovoidal, outline not interrupted between pereon and pleon; pereon tergites strongly convex, epimera obliquely directed outwards (Fig. 1A). Dorsum bearing distinct ribs and tubercles (Fig. 1 A-C): cephalon with one central tubercle with two rounded tips, and two large tubercles near rear margin; pereonites with 1+1 well developed longitudinal paramedian ribs almost as long as tergites, and 3 +3 faint external ribs; pleonite 3 with one prominent median tubercle. Cephalon (Fig. 1B, C) with large subquadrangular frontal lateral lobes, directed outwards and not protruding compared with widely rounded median lobe. Eyes absent. Pereonites with right-angled posterior corners (Fig. 1A). Pleonites 3-5 (Fig. 1A) with large epimera obliquely directed backwards. Telson (Fig. 1D) wider than long, distal part trapezoidal with concave sides and truncate apex. Antennula (Fig. 1E) of three articles, basal article longest; two aestethacs at apex as long as third article. Antenna (Fig. 1F) with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; flagellum of three articles, with three aesthetascs on second article. Mandibles (Fig. 2A, B) with two free penicils on left and one free penicil on right. Maxillula (Fig. 2C) outer branch with 4+4 teeth, setose stem among outer group of teeth; inner branch with three stout penicils at apex, outer penicil much longer than other two. Maxilla (Fig. 2D) with bilobed and setose apex. Maxilliped (Fig. 2E) endite with stout subtriangular penicil at apex, palp distally rounded with long setae with basal article bearing two setae. Uropod (Fig. 2F) with flattened protopod; endopod slightly longer than exopod, with one apical seta; exopod with a tuft of five apical setae. Male Pereopod 1 (Fig. 3A) with no distinct modifications.Pereopod 7 (Fig. 3B) ischium with slightly convex sternal margin, carpus with three large setae on sternal margin. Genital papilla as in Fig. 3C. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 3D) exopod subtriangular, longer than wide, slightly concave outer margin and straight medial margin, apex rounded; endopod distinctly longer than exopod, second article with parallel sides and rounded apex, slightly bent outwards. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 3E) exopod much wider than long; endopod with distal part narrow. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Fig. 3 F-H. REMARKS The new species is included in the genus Leucocyphoniscus for the pattern of dorsal ornamentation, i.e., two paramedian large ribs on the pereonites and a single large tubercle on the pleonite 3. The genus was previously known only from three species: L. verruciger Verhoeff, 1900, from Monte Generoso (southern Switzerland) and Como Province (northern Italy); L. solarii Brian, 1914, from some caves in Como Province; and L. torrii Arcangeli, 1946, from Grotta del B��ter (or Grotta di Opreno), Lecco Province (northern Italy). Although the descriptions of these species are not detailed and with poor illustrations, our specimens are definitely belonging to a new species. It differs from all the other species in the disposition of the dorsal tubercles on the cephalon and the extreme development of the median tubercle on the pleonite 3. It also differs from L. verruciger in having the antennula with two instead of three aesthetascs (compare Fig. 1E and Arcangeli 1923: fig. 6a) and in the male pleopod 1 exopod with a rounded instead of pointed apical part (compare Fig. 3D and Arcangeli 1923: fig. 8b). The discovery of this new species from caves in Monte Pisano (northwestern Tuscany) considerably enlarges the distribution of the genus., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on pages 198-200, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["ARCANGELI A. 1923. - Revisione del gruppo degli Haplophthalmi, isopodi terrestri. Archivio zoologico italiano 10: 259 - 322, pls 7 - 8."]}

Moserius talamonensis n. sp. (Figs 7, 8, 21C) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5D3C40FC-F78A-4E30-950D-A1FF3F68179D Moserius sp. ��� Taiti 2007: 94. TYPE MATERIAL. ��� Holotype. ♂, Parco Regionale della Maremma, Grotta di Gianninoni, 1594 T/GR, 42��34���09���N, 11��07���16���E, Punta del Corvo, Talamone, Orbetello, Prov. Grosseto, leg. S. Taiti, G. A. Gruber and C. Rossano, 3.IV.2004 (MZUF 9669). Paratypes. 36 ♂, 26 ♀, same data as holotype (MZUF 9669); 3 ♂, 3♀, same data (MNHN-IU- 2017-1440). DIAGNOSIS. ��� A species of Moserius characterized by the disposition of the dorsal ornamentation on the pereonite 1 with 4 + 4 longitudinal ribs almost as long as tergites and a small tubercle between ribs 2 and 3. ETYMOLOGY. ��� The new species is named after the locality of sampling (Talamone, Province of Grosseto), where the cave is located. DESCRIPTION Maximum length: ♂, 3 mm; ♀, 3.4 mm. Body colourless, ovoidal, outline not interrupted between pereon and pleon; pereon tergites very convex, with epimera obliquely directed outwards (Fig. 7A). Dorsum bearing ribs and tubercles (Fig. 7A, B): cephalon with three small tubercles on front margin, two large central tubercle with 3 + 3 rounded tips, and 3 + 3 tubercles near rear margin; pereonite 1 with 4+ 4 longitudinal ribs almost as long as tergites and a small tubercle between ribs 2 and 3; pereonites 2-6 with 3+ 3 longitudinal ribs almost as long as tergites and reduced rib externally; pereonite 7 with 2 +2 ribs almost as long as tergites, reduced rib and small tubercle externally; pleonite 3 with two large paramedian tubercles. Cephalon (Fig. 7B) with short, subquadrangular frontal lateral lobes directed outwards and not protruding compared with median lobe. Eyes absent. Pereonites with rounded posterior corners (Fig. 7A). Pleonites 3-5 (Fig. 7A) with large epimera directed backwards. Telson (Fig. 7C) slightly wider than long, with distal part trapezoidal, with concave sides and truncate apex. Antennula (Fig. 7D) of three articles with three aestethacs at apex. Antenna (Fig. 7E) with fifth article of peduncle slightly longer than flagellum; flagellum with three articles, second article with two aesthetascs. Mouth parts as in the previous species. Uropod (Fig. 7F) with flattened protopod; exopod shorter than endopod, with tuft of apical setae; endopod with a sigle apical seta. Male Pereopod 1 (Fig. 8A) with no distinct modifications. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 8B) ischium with straight sternal margin, merus very convex on tergal margin, carpus with distal lobe on sternal margin. Genital papilla as in Fig. 8C. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 8D) exopod with a rounded lobe on outer margin and straight medial margin, rounded apex; endopod distinctly longer than exopod, second article with parallel sides, distal part slightly bent outwards and rounded apex. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 8E) exopod triangular, with concave outer margin and straight medial margin; endopod much longer than exopod with distal part bent outwards and bifid apex. Pleopod 3-5 exopods as in Figs 8 F-H. REMARKS Moserius talamonensis n. sp. differs from all the other species in the number and disposition of the dorsal tubercles on the cephalon and on the pereonite 1; from M. inexpectatus also in the absence of dorsal tubercles on the pleonites 4 and 5 and telson, and in the male pleopod 1 exopod with a rounded instead of sinuous distal margin. In the shape of the male pleopod 1 exopod, the new species is similar to M. elbanus and M. gruberae n. sp., from which it differs also in the shape of the distal part of the male pleopod 1 endopod., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on pages 204-208, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["TAITI S. 2007. - Gli Isopodi terrestri, in SCAPINI F. & NARDI M. (eds), Il Parco Regionale della Maremma e il suo Territorio. Pacini Editore, Pisa: 91 - 101."]}

Genus Alloschizidium Verhoeff, 1919 TYPE SPECIES. ��� Armadillidium pruvoti Racovitza, 1907 by monotypy. REMARKS Schmalfuss (2008) pointed out that all the genera of Armadillidiidae possessing a schisma on the pereonite 1 (Eluma Budde-Lund, 1885, Ballodillium Vandel, 1961, and Alloschizidium) fall within his definition of the genus Schizidium Verhoeff, 1901. However, he was not certain that all these genera belong to a monophyletic group and the presence of the schisma might be due to convergence. Therefore, he kept Schizidium as a separate genus distributed from Greece to Iran. The genus Alloschizidium appears to be very similar to Paraschizidium, with a possible synapomorphic character for these two genera being the subovoidal, instead of spherical, shape of the ball when the animals roll up (see also discussion in Taiti & Ferrara 1996). Then, the autapomorphic characters for Alloschizidium compared with Paraschizidium is the presence of the schisma. As remarked by Schmalfuss (2008) a molecular investigation might help to clarify the interrelationships among all the above mentioned genera., Published as part of Taiti, Stefano & Montesanto, Giuseppe, 2018, New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy), pp. 197-226 in Zoosystema 40 (11) on page 217, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11, http://zenodo.org/record/3741502, {"references":["RACOVITZA E. 1907. - Biospeologica. IV. Isopodes terrestres (premiere serie). Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 4 e Serie 7: 145 - 225.","SCHMALFUSS H. 2008. - The terrestrial isopod genus Schizidium (Isopoda: Oniscidea): systematics, distribution, morphology. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, A, Neue Serie 1: 143 - 151.","FERRARA F. & TAITI S. 1996. - Typhlarmadillidium ruffoi nuova specie di isopodo terrestre dei Colli Euganei (Padova) (Crustacea, Oniscidea, Armadillidiidae). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona 20: 727 - 732."]}