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The paper presents an improved iterative prediction method for bus arrival time at multiple downstream stops. A multiple-stop prediction model includes two stages. At the first stage, an iterative prediction model is developed, which includes a single stop prediction model for arrival time at the immediate downstream stop and an average bus speed prediction model on further segments. The two prediction models are constructed with a support vector machine (SVM). At the second stage, a dynamic algorithm based on the Kalman filter is developed to enhance prediction accuracy. The proposed model is assessed with reference to data collected on transit route No 23 in Dalian city, China. The obtained results show that the improved iterative prediction model seems to be a powerful tool for predicting multiple stop arrival time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When adopting transmit diversity in the Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) system, there exists two kinds of interference: training sequences (TSs) from different transmit antennas are overlapped; and the TSs are interfered with OFDM data due to multipath fading. In order to distinguish different TSs, this paper proposes a method to design orthogonal TS set, which also have good correlation characteristic. Subsequently, an iterative algorithm to eliminate the interference between TSs and data is proposed and theoretically analyzed. Finally, simulations are performed and the results show that the system with the proposed scheme can achieve great diversity gain under acceptable computational complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Performance analysis of the Pangu Plaza under earthquake and wind loads is described in this paper. The plaza is a 39-story steel high-rise building, 191 m high, located in Beijing close to the 2008 Olympic main stadium. It has both fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) and buckling restrained braces or unbonded brace (BRB or UBB) installed. A repeated iteration procedure in its design and analysis was adopted for optimization. Results from the seismic response analysis in the horizontal and vertical directions show that the FVDs are highly effective in reducing the response of both the main structure and the secondary system. A comparative analysis of structural seismic performance and economic impact was conducted using traditional methods, i.e., increased size of steel columns and beams and/or use of an increased number of seismic braces versus using FVD. Both the structural response and economic analysis show that using FVD to absorb seismic energy not only satisfies the Chinese seismic design code for a "rare" earthquake, but is also the most economical way to improve seismic performance both for one-time direct investment and long term maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By virtue of their excellent structural performance and attractive shape, beam string structures have been used extensively in large-span public buildings since their first appearance in the 1980s. A large number of beam string structures with spans of more than 80 m have been built in China. This paper presents an overall review of research on beam string structures and their applications. The inverse iteration method is introduced, mainly to carry out the form-finding, as well as other modified methods. For the prestressing process, most typical experimental studies are represented, including both the full-scale tests and the down-scale orthogonal tests. To study the static behavior, the effect of a prestressed cable on structural stability is presented, followed by a typical full-scale static loading test. For the dynamic behavior of beam string structures, noteworthy issues when performing dynamic numerical analysis are discussed, such as the natural vibration characteristics and the seismic response during earthquakes. To demonstrate the progressive collapse resistance, structural sensitivity to the steel cable and other structural components is discussed, and conceptual design concerns regarding resistance to progressive collapse are presented. In addition, a detailed introduction of the latest applications of beam string structures in China is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Construction is undoubtedly the most dangerous industry in Hong Kong, being responsible for 76% of all fatal accidents in the region—around twenty times more than any other industry—and involving a loss of an estimated 145,000 man-days each year through accidents on site. In this paper, a new safety assessment method, termed the 4D Interactive Safety Assessment, is described which offers an improvement. This involves individual construction workers being presented with 4D virtual risky scenarios concerning their project and a range of possible actions for selection. The method provides an analysis of results which include the assessment of the correctness or otherwise of the user''s selections to contribute to an iterative process of retraining and testing until a satisfactory level of knowledge and skill is achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a local color transfer algorithm based on CTWC (Color Transfer Weight Coefficients) is proposed. Firstly, interactively select one or more corresponding areas in the original image and the target image, those colors need to transfer. Secondly, use the low pass Butterworth filter function to calculate the CTWC of each selected areas in the original image. The CTWC represents the influence degree of color transformation of the pixels in the selected areas of the original image, and the value of CTWC is inversely proportional to the color statistical distance of the selected corresponding areas between the original and target image. Finally, the Reinhard Algorithm is improved by the calculation method of CTWC and gets the local color transfer algorithm based on CTWC. For multi-regional local color transfer, an iterative image merge method is proposed to fuse the multi-regional local color transformation''s result images. In the end, the color transfer is used for Yunnan heavy color painting digital simulation and stylized rendering and the results of experiment shows it can obviously improve the rendering effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we report the development and verification of a method of characteristics (MOC) code, PEACH, at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Both the usual flat-source step characteristics (SC) scheme and the linear source (LS) approximation scheme are adopted for the tracking calculation along the neutron trajectory. The assembly-based modular ray tracing (AMRT) technique that possesses a good geometric flexibility and high efficiency is employed, which makes PEACH able to deal with practical LWR assembly and core problems. Moreover, in order to reduce the computational time of the MOC iteration process, both the multi/few-group two-level cell-based coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) acceleration and the exponential function interpolation technique are used. This results in a significant acceleration. Numerical results for the OECD NEA C5G7 MOX benchmark problem and a 69-group BWR mini-core problem demonstrate that PEACH is accurate and efficient. Numerical results also demonstrate that the LS scheme is more efficient than the SC scheme, taking less time and system memory to generate results of comparable accuracy. In addition, we find that MOC with CMFD acceleration always converges with almost the same number of outer iterations regardless of the physical problem size and the discretization parameters used. This shows an ideal linear relationship between the run time and the geometric size of the problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We propose stochastic convex semidefinite programs (SCSDPs) to handle uncertain data in applications. For these models, we design an efficient inexact stochastic approximation (SA) method and prove the convergence, complexity, and robust treatment of the algorithm. We apply the inexact method for solving SCSDPs where the subproblem in each iteration is only solved approximately and show that it enjoys the similar iteration complexity as the exact counterpart if the subproblems are progressively solved to sufficient accuracy. Numerical experiments show that the method we proposed was effective for uncertain problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Teleseismic SH waves are essential for imaging the rupture processes of large earthquakes. However, for great earthquakes ( M8+) such as the 2004 Sumatra earthquake, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the recent Tohoku-Oki earthquake, the source duration is very long (>100 s). Thus the direct SH waves are overlapped with ScS waves for epicentral distances larger than 60°, leaving contaminated S waves for source processes modelling. Therefore artefacts in finite fault models of large earthquake could be produced with such contaminated body waves. We propose an iterative algorithm based on the slowness information of S and ScS waves and stacking technique, to separate S and ScS waves with records from a regional seismic network. Tests on various synthetic data sets show that the algorithm is effective in retrieving teleseismic SH waveforms from complicated wave trains containing both S and ScS. Separation of waveforms for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with our algorithm clearly demonstrates the influence of ScS energy, suggesting necessity of recovering S waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tidal flow and fine-sediment transport at the South Channel-North Passage of the partially-mixed Changjiang River estuary were studied using a two-dimensional horizontal (2DH) numerical model. This 2DH model was achieved by depth-integrating the momentum and convection-diffusion equations. The Alternating Direction Implicit scheme was used to solve the governing equations. The iterative method was adopted for the calculation of convection and diffusion terms of momentum equation. Comparisons between calculated and measured results (tidal elevations and depth-averaged velocities) have shown reasonable agreement. Horizontal distributions of tidal current velocity and suspended sediment concentration were qualitatively consistent with observations. Those modeled results were analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms for the formation of the turbidity maximum and intratidal variations in fine-sediment transport processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]