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After the July 7 Incident of 1937 when the Japanese military troops launched a sudden attack on the Chinese army at the Northern China, what kind of behaviors did General ZHANG Zi-zhong have who was then commander of the 38th division of the Kuomintang troops and also the mayor of Tianjin? What kind of pain did he suffer? Why was he not able to defend himself when accused of traitor of the Country? The academic circle cannot offer a proper evaluation even today. Detailed historical records reveal that ZHANG was commanded by SONG Zhe-yuan to defend Beijing and Tianjin by going about with the Japanese troops. In fact, what he did was to cover the 29th Army's withdrawing to keep the military force while trying not to loose any territory, which has hence given rise to misunderstandings from which he had to suffer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern Chinese literature during the Anti-Japanese War has been generally narrated against the historical background of the nationwide pursuit of "saving the country first over enlightenment" and exaggerated the types of inefficiency of the development of Chinese literature, the two aspects of which reveal a simplistic understanding of the War itself. It is now necessary to jump out of our previous view about the complete and unified "Literature History of the Republic Period" to observe with care the relevant literary phenomena under a more complicated cultural logic. That is, the War destroyed the traditional cultural publication cause; but opened up a new space; the literary spirit hence gained new quality and style out of the War and led to the formation of multi-temporospatial intension and extension and deepening of a series of inherent literary themes. In fact, modern Chinese literature obtained its maturity and self-confidence during the third decade of the 20th century and hence achieved the opportunity to stand on a similar footing with the world literature. In one word, it matured during that extraordinary historical era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article chronicles the role of China during World War II and its partnership with New Zealand in the global initiative against fascism and promotion of world peace. Several historical records are cited including the participation of New Zealand in the signing of the Instrument of Surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945, the attacks launched by the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, and the decision of New Zealand Chinese businessmen and trade unions to boycott Japanese imports.

The article considers the impact of the Resistance War of 1937-1945 between China and Japan on Chinese society. According to the author, the war left a devastated society but this helped the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to get the support of the people and develop mass mobilisation. Attacks by the Japanese on China resulted to patriotism which transcended regionalism, localism and familism. Japan's invasion also converted most Chinese into nationalists, with the responsibility to the country being a priority. The war brought a universality of suffering to the Chinese society and at the end of it, such society was riddled by mistrust. The CCP was also affected by the war which produced social damage and dislocation although it gave the party structural assistance in the class struggle.

The article examines the relationship between representations of the Resistance War of 1937-1945 and questions of Chinese nationalism and free speech. The Resistance War of 1937-1945 is the centerpiece of contemporary Chinese nationalism and contention over war memory has long exacerbated China-Japan frictions. It cites the reasons behind the increasingly anti-Japanese sentiments among the Chinese people. According to the author, anti-Japan, anti-America, and anti-Taiwan are 'puppet plays' directed by the Chinese Communist government and performed by some citizens. The author suggests that if China and Japan can wholeheartedly establish peace and friendship, which takes root in people's hearts, then the two countries can create long-lasting stability and prosperity in Asia.