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Purposes: Attitudes toward mental illness and patients with mental illness influence the treatment they receive and decisions of policy makers. The purposes of this study were to assess Jordanian nursing students' attitudes towards mental illness, and to assess the effectiveness of teaching and contact on changing nursing students' attitudes about mental illness. Methods: A quasi-experimental, one group pretest-posttest design was employed to test the hypotheses. Opinion about Mental Illness (OMI) Questionnaire which was composed of five subscales was used to test the research hypotheses. The sample consisted of 193 Jordanian nursing students studying at the Hashemite University. Results: Results showed that (1) nursing students were found to have positive attitudes towards mental illness in four scales, (2) no significant differences were found between students' attitudes towards mental illness and demographics, (3) there was a significant difference in attitudes towards the mental illness between students who had previous contact with mental patients and those who did not, and (4) students' attitudes towards mental illness were changed positively in all scales after taking the course. Conclusions: Attitudes about mental illness will positively change if we correct some myths about it by increasing students' knowledge and by giving them the opportunity to contact those groups of patients. (Contains 3 tables.)

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of resilience and perceived stress among psychiatric nurses working in inpatient units. A descriptive, cross-sectional, predictive design was employed to collect data from 140 psychiatric nurses through a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic and work-related variables, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), and perceived stress scale (PSS-10). The total mean score of the perceived stress was 22.73 (SD = 3.54) indicating a moderate level. The total mean score of the resilience was 49.49 (SD = 15.31) indicating a low level. Resilience correlated positively with educational level and job satisfaction; and negatively with intention to leave psychiatric settings. Significant differences were found in resilience with educational level, intention to leave psychiatric settings, and job satisfaction. Three independent variables predicted resilience: educational level, ward/unit, and job satisfaction; and only one variable (intention to leave psychiatric settings) predicted the perceived stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric nurses are challenged with high levels of stress, which, in turn, lower their professional quality of life (ProQoL) and job satisfaction and increase their intention to leave jobs in psychiatric settings. An adequate level of ProQoL improves patient care provision. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of the professional quality of life of Jordanian psychiatric nurses and their job satisfaction and intention to leave their job. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data using the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 from a convenience sample. Data were collected from 144 psychiatric nurses working in the largest psychiatric hospitals run by Ministry of Health, military, and university-affiliated hospitals. The results showed that the mean scores for compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) were 35.21, 27.0, and 26.36, respectively. The mean scores for intention to leave and job satisfaction were 2.33 and 3.7, respectively. The income level, educational level, intention to leave, and job satisfaction significantly differed in the CS dimension. Nurses' age, intention to leave, and job satisfaction significantly differed in BO. Nurses' age, years of experience, frequent C-shifts worked, and work affiliation were different in STS. Burnout, STS, and educational level predicted CS. CS, STS, job satisfaction, and level of education predicted BO. BO, CS, and frequently working night C-shifts predicted STS. Due to the presence of nurses reporting low levels of ProQoL, job satisfaction, and intension to leave, more studies are needed to assess the factors that affect ProQoL among psychiatric nurses and to evaluate interventional programs that improve the quality of life of psychiatric nurses. This is important in retaining nurses and increasing their job satisfaction. There is a need for interventions that enhance ProQoL. Also, longitudinal studies that measure ProQoL overtime are recommended. This study was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. University students have been particularly affected by these psychological consequences due to the pandemic and its accompanying precautions. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Jordanian university students amid COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data was collected through an anonymous online survey from Jordanian university students during the period from February 2022 to May 2022. The survey included a self-reported questionnaire that is composed of sociodemographic variables and the Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The mean total scores for depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 18.91, 18.04, and 20.71, respectively, indicating the presence of these psychological issues among university students during the pandemic. Psychological problems, parents being diagnosed with mental illness, living arrangements, and academic year explained 25.6% of the variation in depression symptoms. Academic year, living arrangements, specialization, GPA, and gender accounted for 25.9% of the variation in anxiety symptoms. Parents being diagnosed with mental illness, specialization, marital status, and GPA explained 22.3% of the variation in stress symptoms. Conclusion: The findings of this study have significant implications for healthcare practice, policy development, and community engagement. Implications for Nursing: Healthcare providers, including nurses, can utilize this information to develop targeted interventions tailored to address the specific mental-health needs of university students in Jordan. Policymakers can advocate for the implementation of mental-health support services within university settings, while community organizations can collaborate with educational institutions to promote mentalhealth awareness and provide accessible resources for students. By addressing the mentalhealth challenges identified in this study, stakeholders can contribute to fostering a supportive and resilient campus environment conducive to student success and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Limited research exists on the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian community residents toward people with dementia (PwD). As the prevalence of dementia is anticipated to increase, there is a critical need for informed knowledge and positive attitudes toward dementia in the Jordanian community. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate people's knowledge of and attitudes toward PwD and identify the predictors of dementia knowledge and attitudes. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional research design and utilized a self-administered questionnaire as the primary data collection method. The study employed the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) to evaluate the knowledge of the participants, and the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) was utilized to assess their attitudes in the Jordanian community. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find relevant factors influencing knowledge of and attitude toward dementia. Results: The study's 346 participants revealed limited knowledge about dementia, with an average ADKS score of 17.21 out of 30. However, participants showed a positive attitude toward dementia, as evidenced by a mean DAS score of 88 out of 140. Statistical analysis demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores among employed individuals (P <.05), while females exhibited significantly higher attitude scores (P <.05). Participants with experience in geriatric clinical practice, dementia education or training, informal caregiving experience, and a desire to learn more about dementia also exhibited significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores (P <.05). Conclusion: The study offers preliminary insights into the knowledge and attitudes toward dementia in the Jordanian population. The findings underscore the importance of continuing education and training to increase knowledge and understanding of dementia. Improving dementia care and support in Jordan requires enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward dementia. The study findings were presented to policymakers, with recommendations for strategic planning and the development of awareness programs. Future research can build upon these findings and promote evidence-based practices in dementia care and community awareness programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the prevalence and compare the levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during the pandemic and to identify the factors that associated with physical IPV among Jordanian pregnant women. Design: A cross‐sectional, correlational design. Women were asked to report their experience with IPV twice: during and before the pandemic. Methods: A convenience sampling technique was used to select pregnant women from National Woman's Health Care Center from 15 April to 1 September 2021. The Domestic Violence Questionnaire Screening Tool (DVQST) was used to assess the levels of IPV. Results: The women (n = 232) who participated in the study experienced considerable levels of IPV before (69% control IPV, 59.90% psychological, 46.10% physical, 43.10% sexual) and during (75.90% control IPV, 64.20% psychological, 46.10% physical, 40.90% sexual) the pandemic. There were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) higher mean DVQST scores for control IPV and psychological IPV during the pandemic (control IPV mean = 9.78, psychological mean = 7.03) versus before the pandemic (control IPV mean = 8.95, psychological mean = 6.62). Woman's educational level, marriage duration, woman's employment status, and level of mutual understanding were inversely associated with physical IPV during the pandemic. Patient or Public Contribution: IPV is a global public health problem and a major violation of human rights. The levels of control IPV and psychological IPV increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while the levels of physical and sexual IPV stayed the same. Antenatal screening for IPV is crucial to save women and their offspring from suffering this type of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To describe the level of knowledge of undergraduate students in Jordan toward COVID‐19 in children in respect of the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against the disease and satisfaction with governmental measures. Design: A cross‐section was utilized in this study. Methods: An online survey questionnaire was utilized in this research study. All undergraduate students in Jordan were able to take part. The size of the sample was 799. Knowledge toward COVID‐19 among children was used to assess the participants' knowledge about COVID‐19. Results: The findings indicate that the students had a good understanding of the clinical signs, mode of transmission and protection measures and were satisfied with governmental measures. According to the students' responses, the resource they used the most was social media followed by news channels. Our study also found that medical specialty students had more knowledge toward COVID‐19 than non‐medical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Jordanian undergraduate nursing students have inadequate professional quality of life and reported moderate levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. • Nursing educators and advisors should frequently assess and evaluate the level of professional quality of life among nursing students. • Interventional programs that aimed to enhance the level of compassion satisfaction, and decrease the levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress among nursing students are encouraged. Compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) are all factors that nursing students may experience during their education. To assess the levels, prevalence, associations, and predictors of CS, BO, and STS among undergraduate nursing students. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from a convenience sample of through a web-based survey using the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQoL-5). The mean scores of CS, BO, and STS were 38.64, 26.14, and 27.68, respectively. The highest percentages of nursing students reported moderate CS, BO, and STS levels. Strong associations were found among CS, BO, and STS. Significant differences were found regarding age, income level, taking a well-balanced diet, university type, residency, Grade Point Average, intention to leave and satisfaction in nursing. Several variables predicted CS, BO, and STS and accounted for 49.9%, 59.5%, and 31.4% of the variance, respectively. Nursing students should be closely monitored and regularly screened for the presence of BO and STS. Nurse educators and advisors should recognize and implement strategies that enhance CS and reduce both BO and STS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives COVID-19 vaccines are efficient against serious infections, and those initiated by the various variants. Many high- and middle-income countries have decided to offer third-dose boosters to ensure their populations remain protected against novel COVID-19 variants before additional waves of COVID-19. This study aims to assess individuals' attitudes towards COVID-19 booster vaccination dose and to determine predictors of this attitude. Methods This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. The inclusion criteria for participants were Jordanian adults who had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. A quota sampling strategy based on the participant's, age and gender was used to ensure that the sample was broadly representative of the general population in Jordan. The instrument was distributed across popular social networking sites such as Facebook and WhatsApp. The study was conducted in October 2021. Key findings The response rate of this study was 63.5% (n = 952). The mean score of attitudes towards a booster dose of COVID-19 was 47.1 ± 8.2, indicating that about half of the sample was supportive to the booster dose. There were differences in the acceptability of a booster dose for COVID-19 according to the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Individuals with high income (B = 0.210, P = 0.000), high educational level (B = −0.076, P = 0.026), those who have suffered vaccine side effects (B = −0.081, P = 0.013) and follow the news about COVID-19 (B = 0.076, P = 0.043) were more likely to accept the booster dose than the other groups. Conclusions Participants had mixed attitudes towards the booster dose with about half of the participants willing to take the booster. Some factors associated with such attitude were identified. The findings are useful in developing and implementing effective vaccination strategies that target people who are not ready to take a booster dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Jordan, women experience considerable levels of different types of violence. The emerging data from different countries indicate that intimate partner violence (IPV) has intensified since the COVID-19 outbreak. The main purpose of the current study is to find out whether there is any difference in the incidence of IPV during and before the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine and whether any sociodemographical factors are related to the incidence of IPV against pregnant women during quarantine. A cross-sectional, correlational design was in this study. The snowball sampling technique was adopted to select the participants, which produced a nonrepresentative sample of 215 pregnant women. The participants completed the Arabic version of the World Health Organization's Domestic Violence Questionnaire Screening Tool (DVQST). We found that women were exposed to different types of IPV before and during the quarantine. The most prevalent form of IPV was control and humiliation (n 172, 80%) and the least prevalent was sexual violence ((n 33, 15.3%), (n 24, 11.2%), respectively). However, there were statistically significant lower DVQST scores during the COVID-19 quarantine than before the quarantine. All types of IPV are significantly correlated with each other and with relationship problems (marital conflict, verbal fighting, understanding each other). While the findings are not generalizable to the general population of pregnant women in Jordan because the sample consisted only of women of high socioeconomic status due to the use of a nonprobability sampling technique, national campaigns should be developed and implemented in order to reduce IPV and change community behaviors and attitudes toward violence against women. It is also recommended that policymakers develop plans to help pregnant women during quarantine by, for example, training care providers on how to access vulnerable women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Many people including students affected physically and psychologically by coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak and "home‐quarantine." This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety and stress among university students in Jordan during "home‐quarantine" due to the outbreak of COVID‐19. Design: This is a cross‐sectional descriptive study. Methods: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 1,380 Jordanian university students. A web‐based survey was used to collect data from the participants using the DASS‐21. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in different levels was 78.7%, 67.9% and 58.7%, respectively, which are higher during "home‐quarantine." The mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress were at moderate levels. Strong correlations were found between depression, stress and anxiety, with demographic, health‐related, lifestyle variables. Several variables also predicted depression, stress and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Schizophrenia is one of the most serious and disabling psychiatric disorders which affect the overall patients' life and predispose them to suffer from loneliness. The purpose of this study was to identify levels and correlates of loneliness among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied to collect data about loneliness; social support from friends, family members, and significant others; satisfaction with life; and demographic and illness-related variables. A semi-structured interview with patients was employed to collect data from 230 in-patients with schizophrenia receiving treatment at a large psychiatric hospital. Results: Level of loneliness was 52.6 out of 80. Higher rates of patients (66.5%) were found within the category of moderate to high level of loneliness. Loneliness was found to be highly associated with low satisfaction with life, low social support from friends, and longer duration of treatment. Loneliness was higher in female patients, those living with other people in the house, and those with a history of drug/substance abuse. Conclusion: Loneliness was found to be in a moderate to high level. Therefore, there is a crucial need for interventional programs that aimed to decrease the feeling of loneliness and enhance satisfaction with life and social support from others among patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between women's history of experiencing different types of abuse during childhood and development of mental health problems in adulthood. A convenience sample of 409 women recruited from health care centers in Jordan provided data for the study. One-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance was implemented. Results indicated absence of statistically significant differences in mental health problems between physically abused and sexually abused women compared to their counterparts. Further, a statistically significant difference in mental health was found between women who experienced emotional abuse and childhood neglect compared to their counterparts (Wilks' lambda for emotional abuse =.914, p <.0001; Wilks' lambda for childhood neglect =.83, p <.0001). Between-groups comparisons using Bonferroni adjustment indicated that all dependent variables (depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem) differed significantly between emotionally and nonemotionally abused women and between neglected and nonneglected women. It was concluded that not all childhood abuse experiences lead to long-term impacts on women's mental health. However, mental health consequences of childhood abuse may alter women's obligations toward family, children, and home. Therefore, efforts directed toward assessing women's history of childhood abuse are very important especially for those who are starting a marital relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the prevalence, levels, and associated factors of alexithymia among Jordanian university students. Design and Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, data were collected from 492 students using Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS‐21). Findings: The prevalence of alexithymia, depression, anxiety, and stress were 24.6, 28.5, 38.4, and 22.6%, respectively, and were all higher among females. Alexithymia correlated with five factors: depression, anxiety, stress, female gender, and satisfaction with life. Practical Implications: There is a need for screening and interventional programs that prevent or alleviate the symptoms of alexithymia, depression, anxiety, and stress among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The quality of care provided for patients in mental health-care facilities remains a challenge for health-care providers in general and for nurses in particular. Identifying the level of quality of care provided for patients in mental health-care facilities as perceived by nurses and patients may help health-care providers improve the quality of care and improve patients’ outcomes. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the perceptions of nurses and patients of the quality of nursing care, and explore the differences in their perceptions of quality of care in mental health-care facilities in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using two convenience samples of 123 nurses and 150 patients. The nurses completed the Karen-personnel instrument, a self-administered questionnaire; One hundred and fifty patients from several mental health-care facilities in Jordan were interviewed using the Karen-patient instrument. The interviews were structured. Results: Sixty-four percent of nurses rated the quality of psychiatric nursing care as satisfactory, and 47.6% of patients perceived the quality of nursing care as satisfactory. Male nurses, who attended courses in mental health nursing, chose to work in a psychiatric unit, committed to work in the future in a psychiatric unit, and were providing indirect care have significantly higher perception of quality of psychiatric nursing care than their counterparts. Patients in military hospitals have significantly higher perception of quality of psychiatric nursing care than those in governmental ones (p <.05). Implications for Practice: To improve the quality of care in psychiatric units, patients and nurses need to be educated about the quality indicators set by Joint Commission international standards related to mental health-care facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress among university students has been a topic of interest for researchers and teachers for many years because it affects not only their academic performance but also their physiological and psychological health. Male and female students perceive and react to stressors differently due to their differences in appraising stressful situations.Aims: The aims of this study were to examine differences in the perception of stressors and reactions to stressors between male and female Jordanian university students, and to identify the best predictors of stressors among them.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. The Student-Life Stress Inventory was used to measure stressors and reactions to stressors of 465 male and 485 female Jordanian university students recruited through stratified random sampling.Results: There were statistical differences between male and female students regarding their perception and reactions to stressors. Female students reported a higher perception of stressors in frustrations, conflict, pressures and changes, as well as emotional reactions to stressors. Male students reported higher behavioural and cognitive reactions to stressors than female students. Participation in stress workshops, perception of general health, and perception of stress level in general were found to predict stressors among male students, while mother’s educational level, perception of general health, and perception of stress level in general were found to predict stressors among female students.Conclusions: This study showed that gender differences in perception of stressors and reactions to stressors are similar to previous studies conducted all over the world. Interventions can be developed to help students better cope with stress. Conducting specific stress-training programmes for male and female students will help in reducing stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: University students are prone to stressors due to the transitional nature of university life. High levels of stress are believed to affect students’ health as well as their academic performance.Aims: The aims of this study were to identify stressors and reactions to stressors among university students, and to examine the correlations between student stressors and study variables.Methods: A correlational descriptive design was used. Student-life Stress Inventory (SSI) was used to measure the stressors and reactions to stressors. Stratified random sampling was employed to recruit participants. The final sample consisted of 877 participants (students).Results: Results indicated that the highest group of stressors experienced by students were ‘self-imposed’ stressors followed by ‘pressures’. Cognitive responses were found to be the highest responses to stressors experienced by students. Negative correlations were found with student’s perception of health, and father’s and mother’s level of education.Conclusions: This study revealed that stressors among university students come from ‘self-imposed’ stressors and ‘pressures’. Stress management, assertiveness skills, time management and counselling sessions will be effective in reducing stress experienced by students. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the current healthcare arena, clinical errors are receiving much attention. Unintentionally, nurses commit errors, which require guiding ethical principles. This replicated study aimed to assess Jordanian Registered Nurses' (RNs) perceptions of clinical errors they had committed over the past year: assess nurses' perceptions of clinical errors committed by other nurses' detect if these errors were related to the nursing shortage and assess whether or not nurses felt any moral distress. The studied phenomena were compared across different hospitals as well as in various units and wards. A survey was used to collect data from 420 nurses from 13 hospitals. A considerable percentage of RNs reported that they omitted to give medication/treatment or gave medication/treatment at the wrong time, and also indicated that other nurses gave incorrect medication or incorrectly administered treatments; practice issues which were related to the nursing shortage and causing moral distress. RNs perceived that clinical errors/untoward clinical incidents that they and other nurses experienced occurred largely because of the nursing shortage and resulted in moral distress. Moreover, a considerable percentage of RNs perceived that other nurses made clinical errors and/or experienced untoward clinical incidents related to the nursing shortage more frequently than the RNs themselves. Across different types of hospitals, nurses were not different in regard to clinical errors and their treatments, and the resultant moral distress. Nurses in units were slightly higher than nurses in wards in reporting clinical errors, treating them when they occurred, relating these errors to the nursing shortage, and thus were experiencing more moral distress. Aggravated by the nursing shortage, moral distress that occurs as a result of clinical errors is increasing, thus nurse managers should assess the contributing factors of moral distress and find ways to eliminate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]