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Background: The study of urine particles plays a key role in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. In this study, the authors evaluated the correlation between the UF-1000 i and quantitative manual microscopy. Methods: A total of 214 untreated urine samples were studied using the Sysmex UF-1000 i and compared with results obtained from quantitative manual microscopy using the Fuchs-Rosenthal counting chamber. Results: Using Pearson statistics, we observed satisfactory correlation between the UF-1000 i and quantitative microscopy: for red blood cells (RBCs) r was 0.98, for white blood cells (WBCs) r was 1.00, for epithelial cells (EC) r was 0.96, and for casts r was 0.69. Using linear regression statistics, we also observed satisfactory correlation between the UF-1000 i and quantitative microscopy: for RBCs R2 was 0.95, for WBCs R2 was 0.99, for EC R2 was 0.92, and for casts R2 was 0.48. Conclusions: In our experience, automated urine particle analysis performed using the Sysmex UF-1000 i analyzer is sufficiently precise and improves the workflow in a routine laboratory. Precision was satisfactory and concordance with the reference method is good for RBC, WBC and EC; for casts microscopic observation is required for flagged samples to discriminate hyaline from pathologic casts. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1107–11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]