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Objective: To assess the current physical status and developmental outcome of children born to mothers following renal transplantation., Methodology: A cross-sectional prevalence survey of 48 children born to 34 women transplanted at a single centre from 1971 to 1992 was performed. Data on maternal renal disease, immunosuppression, pregnancy, delivery and child development were collected using hospital records and parental questionnaire. Children underwent physical examination, urinalysis and urinary tract ultrasound examination (US)., Results: Maternal renal failure was due to reflux nephropathy/chronic pyelonephritis (16), chronic glomerulonephritis (eight) and other causes (10). All mothers received prednisolone immunosuppression, as sole therapy (one), as part of triple therapy (one). Sixteen (47%) received azathioprine/prednisolone and 16 (47%) cyclosporin/prednisolone. Twenty-three girls and 25 boys aged 9 months to 18 years were studied (median age 5.2 years); 27/48 (56%) were born prematurely, 21/48 (44%) with birthweight (BW) < 2500 g 21/48 (44%) were small for gestation (BW < 10th centile). General health and physical assessment were unremarkable in 45/48 (94%) and 41/43 (95%), respectively. Development was considered normal in 47/48 (98%). Four of 40 (10%) had urinary tract abnormalities on US., Conclusions: Despite a high incidence of preterm delivery, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation and urinary tract abnormalities, the overall outcome for children of renal transplant recipient mothers is good.