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Spatial plan decisions guide both the future use of the lands and many activities from protection to construction and permit. Due to its functions, spatial plan decisions play a key role in land administration. Spatial planning information for integrated land administration systems (LASs) should be associated with land registration systems. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard offers components to enable this structure. Integrating spatial plan data with LASs will provide standardization for plan data and assurance of plan decisions. Although the spatial planning mission differs across various administrative regions, planning activities produce land use decisions, albeit in different ways. The study aims to establish the common points in planning activities and design a joint spatial planning system data model using various countries' spatial planning systems and international standardization studies. The spatial plans in the model that has been proposed are depicted as a system, not merely by the rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs) that they establish on the land. The results point out that spatial planning systems have some similarities but also some limitations to support conceptual model design. Based on joint data and relationships, the proposed spatial planning system data model can be adapted for different country practices. The study's results are expected to support the LADM second version development studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses 3D cadastral objects registration with time attributes and implementation within the Turkish Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) framework. This research will discuss the practical pathway towards realizing LADM-based 3D cadastral objects registration and focuses on extending the representation of those cadastral objects to 4D (3D+ t) with time attributes in alignment with the jurisdictional settings in Turkey. The prototype development begins with data modelling. Also, the data was managed in an open-source PostgreSQL database. The developed prototype can answer all questions about cadastral objects, such as property, right, restrictions and responsibility (RRR) types, temporal queries and spatial source document and usage type of cadastral objects. It has been anticipated that this study may serve as a model for other national authorities with similar land management systems, particularly cadastral objects with time-qualification records, including the existing Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) initiative in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey, during the realisation of the land registry and cadastre transactions, manually checking the official documents exceeding 20 million annually causes some problems in document management and security. This study focuses on managing the official documents as online requested by the land registry and cadastre directorates from the other institutions during these transactions. Therefore, a general external data model based on the LADM has been proposed to manage requested documents during transactions. If web-based applications support the proposed model, access to documents will be faster and easier, and security risk will be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3D cadastre, one of the most fundamental components of the 3D LAS (Land Administration System), aims to provide an integrated 3D view of legal (Right, Restrictions, and Responsibilities–RRR) and physical boundaries in multi-storey properties; therefore, to extend the flexible and modular basis of LADM, which best represents legal boundaries and RRRs, some integrated models using technical standards (e.g., CityGML, IFC, InfraGML) are developed to represent the full 3D cadastre. However, since most of the developed 3D integrated data models are designed at the conceptual level, there is a knowledge gap in logical data model relationships, which is the next processing step in the fully integrated 3D data model stage. The main argument of this study is an innovative ADE 4D Cadastral Data Model to represent 3D cadastral objects registration with time attributes using LADM and CityGML. The data management and organization are done in an open-source database for the Turkish cadastral system. This research will discuss two main topics. The first is how to implement a suitable way of realising LADM-based 3D cadastral object registration by focusing on developing the presentation of those cadastral objects to 4D (3D + t), with time attributes in alignment with the jurisdictional framework in Turkey. The second is how the data is managed in an open-source PostgreSQL database. In addition, the usage type of cadastral objects is shown in a CesiumJS, a visualisation platform. Moreover, this study will contribute to eliminating the knowledge gap between the conceptual and logical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadastre in Turkey is executed as two-dimensional (2D) and parcel-based. The third dimension (3D) on land and real estate is shown in 2D on the map with permanent rights. The use of underground spaces cannot be registered. There are various problems in the registration and mapping of real estates that are under or above these excluded places. The research was motivated by some problems that have taken place in the Turkey 3D cadastre due to the inadequate spatial information systems. For this purpose, it is aimed to design a 3D cadastre country profile that takes into account the Turkish National Spatial Data Infrastructure (TUCBS in Turkish) land registry and cadastral data model and is compatible with the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), which is defined within ISO 19152. In this study presents a detailed overview of the Turkish legal cadastre system and a proposal for realisation based on international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concepts of three-dimensional cadastre (3D) and property ownership led to increased interest in land use management and research towards the end of the 90s. Within the scope of these studies, international standards and definitions have been realised. In Turkey, there are some academic studies available. However, there are not many studies conducted on an institutional basis. Turkey cadastre carried out by the General Directorate of Land Registry, and Cadastre (GDLRC) are kept. In this context, a 3D RRR (Right, Restriction and Responsibility) for Turkey-based cadastral data model design and development is essential in terms of not constitute a base for the study. The fact that these studies are in the context of LADM and ISO standards and OGC is very important in terms of the fact that the cadastral system is related to international standards.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is pointed out that even though Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standards offers a conceptual scheme defining the legal and geometrical components of real estate, it is important to be compatible with other databases (e.g. with land cover data, archive data, land valuation data and taxation data) that may be related to the model. In the model, the archive data model, which is defined as one of the external data structures, provides a class structure in which the information and documents necessary for land registry and cadastral transactions are represented. According to this class structure, necessary information and documents are kept in archive. Thanks to this structure which enables follow-up of transactions, similar transactions are prevented from being repeated. The General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC) performs 25 different land registry and cadastral transactions. During these transactions, some documents (e.g. power of attorney, real estate value statement, building occupancy permit, authority certificate, etc.) are requested from various external institutions (e.g. Municipality, Notary, Governor's Office, Court, etc.). Considering the fact that 8 million transactions are made annually, approximately 20 million documents are manually controlled. The manual control of such an amount of documents can cause waste of time and paper and some forgery. There is a need for external data management in accordance with LADM that enables data sharing between institutions to check whether the documents requested from external institutions during the transactions have up-to-date and correct information content. This study focuses on the online management of the information and documents requested by the GDLRC from the Municipality during the land registry and cadastral transactions. In this context, an external data model for the management of relevant information and documents is proposed. A web-based application was developed to prove that the proposed model is feasible. The application made possible the online exchange and inquiry of information and documents in the digital environment. As a result, it has been observed that thanks to the application, the time for the transaction was shortened, no document in paper form was required as the documents were inquired in a digital environment and fraud was reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) related studies have been carried out in two decades. ISO 19152 LADM is an international standard and an abstract, conceptual model covering the land administration domain (including those over land and water and elements above and below the earth's surface). The LADM is considered an important component for managing and developing land administration systems worldwide. In the context of this study's, scientific publications related to LADM are examined to carry out a bibliometric analysis on LADM research from 2012 to 2020. The extent of this investigation is limited to the Scopus database for scientific publications. All databases belong to the most extensive peer-reviewed summary and citation databases. It is noted that this study is based on the same principles as the research published by Paulsson and Paasch (2015), building on existing knowledge and aiming to add value in support to the current development of Edition II of the LADM. In this study, which covers 2012–2020, 175 LADM related scientific publications were found in the Scopus database. When the distribution of publications in journals is examined, Land Use Policy has the most published manuscripts related to ISO 19152 LADM. This analysis considers author identification, type of paper, organisational issues, and bibliometric analysis components. The analysis considered articles, books, and proceedings directly related to the LADM and included in the Scopus database or conference and workshop proceedings. For this, articles and books were selected from the Scopus database. Also, the proceedings were selected from those presented in the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) events and workshops on LADM. Overall, this paper aims to arrange and present the global scientific production on LADM-based research. • International standards (LADM and ISO) play a vital role in the development of cadastral systems. • This paper aims to determine Global scientific production on LADM-Based research using bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2020. • At a crucial time for LADM, during its revision process and with several publications since its vote as ISO standard, this bibliometric analysis provides important background for the research carried out so far. Covering an international context and taking into account publications in well-recognised sources, i.e. Scopus and FIG events, the analysis considered criteria according to their content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]