23 results on '"Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús"'
Search Results
2. Conclusions
- Author
-
Tombolini, Ilaria, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Salvati, Luca, Brilly, Mitja, Advisory Editor, Davis, Richard A., Advisory Editor, Hoalst-Pullen, Nancy, Advisory Editor, Leitner, Michael, Advisory Editor, Patterson, Mark W., Advisory Editor, Veress, Márton, Advisory Editor, Tombolini, Ilaria, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, and Salvati, Luca
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) on water‐salt transport in saline alkali soil: Effects of dosage, height and thickness.
- Author
-
Shu, Min, Yu, Yang, Yin, Mengqi, Wang, Jingxue, Bandala, Erick R., and Rodrigo‐Comino, Jesús
- Subjects
SODIC soils ,POLYMERIC sorbents ,ALKALI lands ,SOIL salinity ,LAND degradation ,GROUNDWATER recharge - Abstract
Soil salinisation is a pervasive form of land degradation posing a significant threat to the global environment. Saline soil, covering roughly 10% of the total land area, represents a crucial reserve of land resources. The use of super absorbent polymer (SAP) impacts capillary water movement through the soil because of its exceptional water absorption and retention capabilities. SAP is expected to influence the intricate water‐salt migration processes and their redistribution within soil. This study employed soil column experiments to investigate the impacts of varying SAP dosages (A), heights (B) and thicknesses (C) on soil water and salt transport in the Tianjin Binhai New Area, China. The main findings showed that: (1) average capillary water rise rate decreased with SAP dosage increase. The groundwater recharge trend in time was like that of capillary water rise height; (2) SAP usage increased water and salt content on the application layer and reduced surface soil salt accumulation; (3) the best SAP combination for application was 1.1% SAP at 17–18 cm from the groundwater level. This study provides basic effective SAP application strategies for preventing soil salinisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Vicia sativa Roth. Can Reduce Soil and Water Losses in Recently Planted Vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.)
- Author
-
Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Terol, Enric, Mora, Gaspar, Giménez-Morera, Antonio, and Cerdà, Artemi
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Gully Erosion Studies from India and Surrounding Regions.
- Author
-
RODRIGO-COMINO, JESÚS
- Subjects
EROSION ,MACHINE learning ,SOIL geography ,LAND degradation ,SOIL erosion prediction ,SOIL degradation ,SOIL erosion ,LANDSLIDE hazard analysis ,MASS-wasting (Geology) ,WATERSHED management - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Desertification and degradation risks vs poverty: a key topic in Mediterranean Europe
- Author
-
Rodrigo Comino, Jesús
- Subjects
Southern Europe ,Europa del Sur ,Disparidades geográficas regionales ,Degradación del territorio ,Land degradation ,Regional geographical disparities ,Social processes ,Procesos sociales - Abstract
Land degradation and, subsequently, desertification processes are conditioned by biophysical factors and human impacts. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest by social scientists to assess its implications. Especially, it is relevant to the potential changes and landscape deterioration on population, economic systems and feedbacks of local societies to such adjustments. Assessing social facets should also be related to desertification risks, integrated socio-economic inputs and environmentally sustainable development perspectives. However, investigations about the effects of land degradation conditioned by global socioeconomic-factors from a holistic point of view are scarce. In this review, we pretend to discuss past and recent findings on land degradation risks related to poverty, especially based on Mediterranean Europe. To achieve this goal, we focused on key socioeconomic forces such as developmental policy, production and market structure, social change and population mobility. Our review showed that regional disparities based on complex dynamics of demographic forces (e.g. migration, fertility and ageing) and economic drivers of change (e.g. industrial concentration, urbanization, crop intensification, tourism pressure, coastalization) are keys to understand Mediterranean regions such as Southern Italy, a region exposed to high desertification risk in Europe. We concluded that the overexploitation of territories, soil and water degradation urban expansion, tourism and unplanned industrialization are some sectors and activities which can be highly affected by political and socioeconomic forces leading to unsustainable forms of land management and types of development. Special attention should be paid to social policies, education and training schemes to reduce rural migration and potentiate territorial knowledge to avoid land degradation, considering other social issues such as poverty or centralization. The potential role of win-win policies abating poverty and reducing desertification risk is evident in Mediterranean Europe and achieving land degradation neutrality necessary. Los procesos de degradación del territorio y, consecuentemente, los de desertificación están condicionados por factores biofísicos e condicionantes humanos. Hoy en día, existe un interés creciente por parte de los científicos sociales por evaluar sus implicaciones. Especialmente, un interés por los posibles cambios y el deterioro del paisaje a consecuencia de la población, los sistemas económicos y las reacciones de las sociedades locales a dichos ajustes. La evaluación de las facetas sociales también debería estar relacionada con los riesgos de desertificación, los aportes socioeconómicos integrados y las perspectivas de desarrollo ambientalmente sostenible. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre los efectos de la degradación del territorio condicionado por factores socioeconómicos globales desde un punto de vista holístico son escasas. En esta revisión, pretendemos discutir los hallazgos pasados y recientes sobre los riesgos de degradación de la tierra relacionados con la pobreza, especialmente en la Europa mediterránea. Para lograr este objetivo, nos enfocamos en fuerzas socioeconómicas clave como la política de desarrollo, la estructura de producción y mercado, el cambio social y la movilidad de la población. Nuestra revisión demostró que las disparidades regionales basadas en la dinámica compleja de las fuerzas demográficas (por ejemplo, la migración, la fertilidad y el envejecimiento) y los impulsores económicos del cambio (por ejemplo, la concentración industrial, la urbanización, la intensificación de cultivos, la presión del turismo, la cosificación) son clave para comprender las regiones mediterráneas como el sur de Italia, una región expuesta a un alto riesgo de desertificación en Europa. Concluimos que la sobreexplotación de territorios, la degradación del suelo y el agua, la expansión urbana, el turismo y la industrialización no planificada son algunos sectores y actividades que pueden verse muy afectados por fuerzas políticas y socioeconómicas que conducen a formas insostenibles de ordenación territorial y tipos de desarrollo. Se debe prestar especial atención a las políticas sociales, los esquemas de educación y capacitación para reducir la migración rural y potenciar el conocimiento territorial para evitar la degradación de la tierra, considerando otros temas sociales como la pobreza o la centralización. El papel potencial de las políticas de beneficio mutuo para abatir la pobreza y reducir el riesgo de desertificación es evidente en la Europa mediterránea y es necesaria la neutralidad de la degradación del territorio.
- Published
- 2022
7. Experimental Design of Nature-Based-Solution Considering the Interactions between Submerged Vegetation and Pile Group on the Structure of the River Flow on Sand Beds.
- Author
-
Miyab, Nazanin Mohammadzade, Fazloula, Ramin, Heidarpour, Manouchehr, Kavian, Ataollah, and Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
- Subjects
STREAMFLOW ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,LAND degradation ,SAND ,RIPARIAN plants ,ENGINEERING design - Abstract
Designing correct engineering infrastructures to reduce land degradation processes and considering natural elements to achieve this goal are key to correctly managing potential natural hazards affecting human activities and natural ecosystems. This research investigated the scour depth and velocity vectors around bridge piles with and without upstream vegetation protection. A Doppler velocity meter was used to measure velocity components in a channel 90 cm wide, 16 m long, and 60 cm high. Variable parameters were the number of bridge piles, the height, density, and width of vegetation upstream, as well as the distance between bridge piles. Using a triple pile group with a distance between piles of 10 cm and overall vegetation across the channel, the depth of the scour hole upstream of the first pile decreased by 40% compared to the single pile with no vegetation. This result shows the significant impact of using vegetation and pile groups to reduce scour around piles. Lower vertical velocity gradients, more consistent velocity vectors, reducing the downstream flow range, and restraining horseshoe vortexes and wake vortices were observed in utilizing vegetation. We confirmed that vegetation is an essential factor in changing the flow, transportation of sediment, and conserving ecological services in rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Designing grazing susceptibility to land degradation index (GSLDI) in hilly areas.
- Author
-
Minea, Gabriel, Ciobotaru, Nicu, Ioana-Toroimac, Gabriela, Mititelu-Ionuș, Oana, Neculau, Gianina, Gyasi-Agyei, Yeboah, and Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
- Subjects
LAND degradation ,GRAZING ,DIGITAL elevation models ,RUMINANTS - Abstract
Evaluation of grazing impacts on land degradation processes is a difficult task due to the heterogeneity and complex interacting factors involved. In this paper, we designed a new methodology based on a predictive index of grazing susceptibility to land degradation index (GSLDI) built on artificial intelligence to assess land degradation susceptibility in areas affected by small ruminants (SRs) of sheep and goats grazing. The data for model training, validation, and testing consisted of sampling points (erosion and no-erosion) taken from aerial imagery. Seventeen environmental factors (e.g., derivatives of the digital elevation model, small ruminants' stock), and 55 subsequent attributes (e.g., classes/features) were assigned to each sampling point. The impact of SRs stock density on the land degradation process has been evaluated and estimated with two extreme SRs' density scenarios: absence (no stock), and double density (overstocking). We applied the GSLDI methodology to the Curvature Subcarpathians, a region that experiences the highest erosion rates in Romania, and found that SRs grazing is not the major contributor to land degradation, accounting for only 4.6%. This methodology could be replicated in other steep slope grazing areas as a tool to assess and predict susceptible to land degradation, and to establish common strategies for sustainable land-use practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Mapping Potential Toxic Elements in Agricultural and Natural Soils of the Piedemonte Llanero in Colombia.
- Author
-
Trujillo-González, Juan Manuel, Torres-Mora, Marco Aurelio, Serrano-Gómez, Marlon, Castillo-Monroy, Edgar Fernando, Ballesta, Raimundo Jiménez, and Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
- Subjects
POISONS ,SOILS ,LAND degradation ,LAND management ,NATURE reserves - Abstract
The accumulation of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in soils is usually conditioned by parental material or anthropogenic sources. To achieve correct land management and land degradation neutrality, it is necessary to spatially detect them. However, there are several areas over the world with high concentrations of PTE but without efficient maps and tools to correctly find solutions and apply control measures. The current study attempts to identify the concentrations, sources, and spatial distributions of the main PTEs such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in a non-explored area combining fieldwork and geostatistical analysis. In order to accomplish this goal, a total of 90 soil samples were collected in agricultural and natural areas in the Piedemonte Llanero, Colombia. The chemical analysis was conducted by acid digestion and determined through ICP-OES. Then, ordinary kriging was applied to spatially analyze the most vulnerable areas. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of these techniques and it is noted that the agricultural areas presented the highest concentrations and represented the potential source of PTEs. On the other hand, the natural areas presented the following concentrations of PTEs Cr (17.10 mg/kg), As (2.92 mg/kg), Cu (7.57 mg/kg), Ni (8.63 mg/kg), Cd (0.17 mg/kg), Pb (8.80 mg/kg), and Zn (27.57 mg/kg) lower than agricultural soils. This information was a key first step to be presented to the policymakers and stakeholders to organize soil sustainable management plans for the Piedemonte Llanero in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Stubble burning and wildfires in Turkey considering the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.
- Author
-
Yakupoğlu, Tuğrul, Dindaroğlu, Turgay, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, and Cerdà, Artemio
- Subjects
FOREST fire management ,WILDFIRE prevention ,WILDFIRES ,LAND degradation ,WATER quality ,FARMS - Abstract
There is a worldwide risk of fire spread due to the mismanagement of stubble in agricultural land. In 2019, 3.6% of the forest area was damaged by fires in Turkey due to stubble burning. The burning of agriculture residues negatively affects soil properties, air quality and water resources. This finally threatens humankind sustainability. However, there is a lack of information analyzing this problem from the current policies in Turkey. Therefore, this paper reviews the legislation currently applied to understand the specific competencies to achieve sustainable fire and forest management. A holistic analysis of the legal regulations and practices to prevent stubble burning in Turkey shown here the farmer´s perception of the use of fire as an agriculture tool and the relevance of stubble burning to explain the location and recurrence of wildfires. Then, we discussed the relevance to shed light on how effective are the laws to avoid stubble burning and its impact on the environment. We claim for an update of the legislation to allow the farmers to manage the stubble and encourage the policymakers to develop new strategies to compost the stubble and achieve sustainable management within the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations that will contribute to achieving the Land Degradation Neutrality Challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. DESERTIFICATION AND DEGRADATION RISKS VS POVERTY: A KEY TOPIC IN MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE.
- Author
-
RODRIGO-COMINO, JESÚS, SALVIA, ROSANNA, EGIDI, GIANLUCA, SALVATI, LUCA, GIMÉNEZ-MORERA, ANTONIO, and QUARANTA, GIOVANNI
- Subjects
LAND degradation ,DESERTIFICATION ,SOCIAL scientists ,REGIONAL disparities ,SOIL degradation ,INDUSTRIAL concentration ,TERRITORIAL waters - Abstract
Copyright of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica is the property of Universidad de la Rioja, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Remote Sensing / Proposing a novel predictive technique for gully erosion susceptibility mapping in arid and semi-arid regions (Iran)
- Author
-
Arabameri, Alireza, Cerda, Artemi, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Sohrabi, Masoud, Blaschke, Thomas, and Bui, Dieu Tien
- Subjects
remote sensing ,sustainable development ,gully erosion ,land degradation ,statistical model ,land management - Abstract
Gully erosion is considered to be one of the main causes of land degradation in arid and semi-arid territories around the world. In this research, gully erosion susceptibility mapping was carried out in Semnan province (Iran) as a case study in which we tested the efficiency of the index of entropy (IoE), the Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, and their combination. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) were used to reduce the time and costs needed for rapid assessment of gully erosion. Firstly, a gully erosion inventory map (GEIM) with 206 gully locations was obtained from various sources and randomly divided into two groups: A training dataset (70% of the data) and a validation dataset (30% of the data). Fifteen gully-related conditioning factors (GRCFs) including elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, stream power index, topographical wetness index, rainfall, soil type, drainage density, distance to river, distance to road, distance to fault, lithology, land use/land cover, and soil type, were used for modeling. The advanced land observing satellite (ALOS) digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of 30 m was used for the extraction of the above-mentioned topographic factors. The tolerance (TOL) and variance inflation factor (VIF) were also included for checking the multicollinearity among the GRCFs. Based on IoE, we concluded that soil type, lithology, and elevation were the most significant in terms of gully formation. Validation results using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) showed that IoE (0.941) reached a higher prediction accuracy than VIKOR (0.857) and VIKOR-IoE (0.868). Based on our results, the combination of statistical (IoE) models along with remote sensing and GIS can convert the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models into efficient and powerful tools for gully erosion prediction. We strongly suggest that decision-makers and managers should use these kinds of results to develop more consistent solutions to achieve sustainable development on degraded lands such as in the Semnan province. (VLID)4592677
- Published
- 2019
13. Prediction of factors affecting activation of soil erosion by mathematical modeling at pedon scale under laboratory conditions.
- Author
-
Shojaei, Saeed, Kalantari, Zahra, and Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
- Subjects
SOIL degradation ,EROSION ,RAINFALL ,SOIL erosion ,LAND degradation - Abstract
Soil degradation due to erosion is a significant worldwide problem at different spatial (from pedon to watershed) and temporal scales. All stages and factors in the erosion process must be detected and evaluated to reduce this environmental issue and protect existing fertile soils and natural ecosystems. Laboratory studies using rainfall simulators allow single factors and interactive effects to be investigated under controlled conditions during extreme rainfall events. In this study, three main factors (rainfall intensity, inclination, and rainfall duration) were assessed to obtain empirical data for modeling water erosion during single rainfall events. Each factor was divided into three levels (− 1, 0, + 1), which were applied in different combinations using a rainfall simulator on beds (6 × 1 m) filled with soil from a study plot located in the arid Sistan region, Iran. The rainfall duration levels tested were 3, 5, and 7 min, the rainfall intensity levels were 30, 60, and 90 mm/h, and the inclination levels were 5, 15, and 25%. The results showed that the highest rainfall intensity tested (90 mm/h) for the longest duration (7 min) caused the highest runoff (62 mm
3 /s) and soil loss (1580 g/m2 /h). Based on the empirical results, a quadratic function was the best mathematical model (R2 = 0.90) for predicting runoff (Q) and soil loss. Single-factor analysis revealed that rainfall intensity was more influential for runoff production than changes in time and inclination, while rainfall duration was the most influential single factor for soil loss. Modeling and three-dimensional depictions of the data revealed that sediment production was high and runoff production lower at the beginning of the experiment, but this trend was reversed over time as the soil became saturated. These results indicate that avoiding the initial stage of erosion is critical, so all soil protection measures should be taken to reduce the impact at this stage. The final stages of erosion appeared too complicated to be modeled, because different factors showed differing effects on erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. LAND DEGRADATION RISKS: KEY TOPICS TO BE FACED OVER THE WORLD.
- Author
-
RODRIGO-COMINO, JESÚS, MUÑOZ-GÓMEZ, CASANDRA, REZA RAHDARI, MOHAMMAD, MOHAMMED, SAFWAN, and SALVATI, LUCA
- Subjects
LAND degradation ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,SOIL degradation ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,ENVIRONMENTAL management - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Estimating Non-Sustainable Soil Erosion Rates in the Tierra de Barros Vineyards (Extremadura, Spain) Using an ISUM Update.
- Author
-
Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Barrena-González, Jesús, Pulido-Fernández, Manuel, and Cerdá, Artemi
- Subjects
SOIL erosion ,SOIL management ,LAND degradation ,SOIL profiles ,SOIL surveys ,SOIL sampling ,VINEYARDS ,VITICULTURE - Abstract
Featured Application: Soil erosion estimations using an easy-to-apply and low-cost method. Monitoring soil erosion processes and measuring soil and water yields allow supplying key information to achieve land degradation neutrality challenges. Vineyards are one of the most affected agricultural territories by soil erosion due to human and natural factors. However, the spatial variability of soil erosion, the number of sampling points, and plot size necessary to estimate accurate soil erosion rates remains unclear. In this research, we determine how many inter-rows should be surveyed to estimate the soil mobilization rates in the viticulture area of Tierra de Barros (Extremadura, SW Spain) using the Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM). This method uses the graft union of the vines as a passive biomarker of the soil surface level changes since the time of plantation and inter-row measures. ISUM was applied to three inter-row and four rows of vines (5904 sampling points) in order to determine how many surfaces and transects must be surveyed as all the previous surveys were done with only one inter-row. The results showed average values of soil depletion reaching −11.4, −11.8, and −11.5 cm for the inter-rows 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The current soil surface level descended 11.6 cm in 20 years. The inter-rows 1, 2, and 3 with a total area of 302.4 m
2 each one (2016 points) recorded 71.4, 70.8, and 74.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1 , respectively. With the maximum number of sampling points (5904), 71.2 Mg ha−1 yr−1 were obtained. The spatial variability of the soil erosion was shown to be very small, with no statistically significant differences among inter-rows. This could be due to the effect of the soil profile homogenization as a consequence of the intense tillage. This research shows the potential predictability of ISUM in order to give an overall overview of the soil erosion process for vineyards that follow the same soil management system. We conclude that measuring one inter-row is enough to get an overview of soil erosion processes in vineyards when the vines are under the same intense tillage management and topographical conditions. Moreover, we demonstrated the high erosion rates in a vineyard within the viticultural region of the Tierra de Barros, which could be representative for similar vineyards with similar topographical conditions, soil properties, and a possible non-sustainable soil management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Assessment of the Sustainability of the Territories Affected by Gully Head Advancements through Aerial Photography and Modeling Estimations: A Case Study on Samal Watershed, Iran.
- Author
-
Samani, Aliakbar Nazari, Rad, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Azarakhshi, Maryam, Rahdari, Mohammad Reza, and Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
- Abstract
Gully erosion is considered one of the major issues of land sustainability because it can remove considerable volumes of sediment and productive soils. Once started, gullies can continue to move by headcut retreat, or slumping of the side walls. Studies of gully development require constant monitoring activities which are not possible in not-well-explored areas, such as the arduous region of Iran, due to costs and a lack of geoinformation. Thus, the present research attempts to assess gully evolution using only two digital aerial photographs of different periods (1968 and 1994) and field assessment (2009) to estimate the gully head advancement based on frames geometry and rigorous procedure in southwestern Iran. Also, the gully head advancement was estimated and compared among them by different empirical equations. The results indicated that the mean of gully head advancement was 1.4 m year
−1 and 1.2 m year−1 during 1968–1994 and 1994–2009, respectively, and the annual average of sediment mobilization was 26.8 m3 ha−1 in 2009. The model assessment indexes indicated that SCS (Soil Conservation Service) II was the best model for gully head advancement estimations in this study area. The main reasons for this can be associated with the Rp factor (previous gully head advancement) and the local environmental conditions. We conclude that the sustainability of the territory has been greatly affected due to this advancement. We also hypothesize that gully head changes could be related to the susceptibility of geological formations, climate, soil properties, and the coincidence of other gullies’ formation with common drainage networks in the study area. Based on the obtained results, land managers can use the results to distinguish the gullies in this region with a higher environmental risk, and to decide an effective implementation of soil conservation measures in order to include them in the land management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Assessment of the impact of different vegetation patterns on soil erosion processes on semiarid loess slopes.
- Author
-
Feng, Tianjiao, Wei, Wei, Chen, Liding, Rodrigo‐Comino, Jesús, Die, Chen, Feng, Xinran, Ren, Kemeng, Brevik, Eric C., and Yu, Yang
- Subjects
SOIL conservation ,SOIL erosion ,LAND degradation ,RAINFALL ,ARID regions - Abstract
Abstract: Soil erosion hinders the recovery and development of ecosystems in semiarid regions. Rainstorms, coupled with the absence of vegetation and improper land management, are important causes of soil erosion in such areas. Greater effort should be made to quantify the initial erosion processes and try to find better solutions for soil and water conservation. In this research, 54 rainfall simulations were performed to assess the impacts of vegetation patterns on soil erosion in a semiarid area of the Loess Plateau, China. Three rainfall intensities (15 mm h
‐1 , 30 mm h‐1 and 60 mm h‐1 ) and six vegetation patterns (arbors‐shrubs‐grass ‐A‐S‐G‐, arbors‐grass‐shrubs ‐A‐G‐S‐, shrubs‐arbors‐grass ‐S‐A‐G‐, shrubs‐grass‐arbors ‐S‐G‐A‐, grass‐shrubs‐arbors ‐G‐S‐A‐ and grass‐arbors‐shrubs ‐G‐A‐S‐) were examined at different slope positions (summits, backslopes and footslopes) in the plots (33.3%, 33.3%, 33.3%), respectively. Results showed that the response of soil erosion to rainfall intensity differed under different vegetation patterns. On average, increasing rainfall intensity by 2 to 4 times induced increases of 3.1 to 12.5 times in total runoff and 6.9 to 46.4 times in total sediment yield, respectively. Moreover, if total biomass was held constant across the slope, the patterns of A‐G‐S and A‐S‐G (planting arbor at the summit position) had the highest runoff (18.34 L m‐2 h‐1 ) and soil losses (197.98 g m‐2 h‐1 ), while S‐A‐G had the lowest runoff (5.51 L m‐2 h‐1 ) and soil loss (21.77 g m‐2 h‐1 ). As indicated by redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation results, a greater volume of vegetation located on the back‐ and footslopes acted as effective buffers to prevent runoff generation and sediment yield. Our findings indicated that adjusting vegetation position along slopes can be a crucial tool to control water erosion and benefit ecosystem restoration on the Loess Plateau and other similar regions of the world. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Spatial Interaction between Economy and Territory.
- Author
-
Mosconi, Enrico Maria, Colantoni, Andrea, Gambella, Filippo, Cudlinová, Eva, Salvati, Luca, and Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
- Subjects
KUZNETS curve ,ECOLOGICAL economics ,ECONOMIC systems ,GOVERNMENT policy ,ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
A complex interplay of socio-ecological drivers of change exists at the different spatiotemporal scales affecting environmental degradation. This is a key issue worldwide and needs to be understood to develop efficient management solutions. One of the most applied theories in the regional analysis is the U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and the level of income in a given economic system or Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Specifically, the EKC hypothesis underlines the (potentially positive) role of formal responses to environmental degradation grounded on government policies that are usually more ambitious in wealthier economic systems. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the role of space in EKC, arguing that spatial variability in the environment–income relationship may indicate additional targets for integrated socio–environmental policies. We hypothesize that a spatially differentiated response to environmental degradation could better adapt to differentiated local contexts. Therefore, to achieve this goal, we present a multi-scale investigation of degradation processes at the local level, providing a refined knowledge of the environment–economy linkages considering more traditional, cross-country and cross-region exercises. Our results demonstrated that—together with temporal, sectoral, and institutional aspects—space and, consequently, the related analysis' spatial scales, are significant dimensions in ecological economics, whose investigation requires improvements in data collection and dedicated statistical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Proposing a Novel Predictive Technique for Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping in Arid and Semi-arid Regions (Iran).
- Author
-
Arabameri, Alireza, Cerda, Artemi, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Sohrabi, Masoud, Blaschke, Thomas, and Tien Bui, Dieu
- Subjects
ARID regions ,EROSION ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,LANDSLIDE hazard analysis ,LAND degradation ,DESERTIFICATION - Abstract
Gully erosion is considered to be one of the main causes of land degradation in arid and semi-arid territories around the world. In this research, gully erosion susceptibility mapping was carried out in Semnan province (Iran) as a case study in which we tested the efficiency of the index of entropy (IoE), the Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, and their combination. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) were used to reduce the time and costs needed for rapid assessment of gully erosion. Firstly, a gully erosion inventory map (GEIM) with 206 gully locations was obtained from various sources and randomly divided into two groups: A training dataset (70% of the data) and a validation dataset (30% of the data). Fifteen gully-related conditioning factors (GRCFs) including elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, stream power index, topographical wetness index, rainfall, soil type, drainage density, distance to river, distance to road, distance to fault, lithology, land use/land cover, and soil type, were used for modeling. The advanced land observing satellite (ALOS) digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of 30 m was used for the extraction of the above-mentioned topographic factors. The tolerance (TOL) and variance inflation factor (VIF) were also included for checking the multicollinearity among the GRCFs. Based on IoE, we concluded that soil type, lithology, and elevation were the most significant in terms of gully formation. Validation results using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) showed that IoE (0.941) reached a higher prediction accuracy than VIKOR (0.857) and VIKOR-IoE (0.868). Based on our results, the combination of statistical (IoE) models along with remote sensing and GIS can convert the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models into efficient and powerful tools for gully erosion prediction. We strongly suggest that decision-makers and managers should use these kinds of results to develop more consistent solutions to achieve sustainable development on degraded lands such as in the Semnan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Grassland Cover Distribution by 2070 Under Climate Change Scenario RCP 8.5 in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Zoungrana, Benewindé Jean-Bosco, Ouedraogo, Blaise, Yanogo, Isidore Pawendkisgou, Pisello, Anna Laura, Editorial Board Member, Hawkes, Dean, Editorial Board Member, Bougdah, Hocine, Editorial Board Member, Rosso, Federica, Editorial Board Member, Abdalla, Hassan, Editorial Board Member, Boemi, Sofia-Natalia, Editorial Board Member, Mohareb, Nabil, Editorial Board Member, Mesbah Elkaffas, Saleh, Editorial Board Member, Bozonnet, Emmanuel, Editorial Board Member, Pignatta, Gloria, Editorial Board Member, Mahgoub, Yasser, Editorial Board Member, De Bonis, Luciano, Editorial Board Member, Kostopoulou, Stella, Editorial Board Member, Pradhan, Biswajeet, Editorial Board Member, Abdul Mannan, Md., Editorial Board Member, Alalouch, Chaham, Editorial Board Member, Gawad, Iman O., Editorial Board Member, Nayyar, Anand, Editorial Board Member, Amer, Mourad, Series Editor, Ksibi, Mohamed, editor, Sousa, Arturo, editor, Hentati, Olfa, editor, Chenchouni, Haroun, editor, Lopes Velho, José, editor, Negm, Abdelazim, editor, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, editor, Hadji, Riheb, editor, Chakraborty, Sudip, editor, and Ghorbal, Achraf, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Soil Erosion Induced by the Introduction of New Pasture Species in a Faxinal Farm of Southern Brazil.
- Author
-
Antoneli, Valdemir, Rebinski, Everson A., Bednarz, João Anesio, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Keesstra, Saskia Deborah, Cerdà, Artemi, and Pulido Fernández, Manuel
- Subjects
SOIL erosion ,TRADITIONAL farming ,LAND degradation - Abstract
The faxinal management system is an endangered agro-silvopastoral system which forms part of the local traditional management in the Paraná federal state (Brazil). Significant changes in land management since the 1970s caused farmers to look for alternatives to increase the productivity of their farms. The introduction of new pasture species is causing land degradation problems, of which soil erosion is the most important challenge. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the environmental consequences of introducing exotic pasture species, such as
Brachiaria decumbens . To achieve this goal, ten erosion plots were installed with exotic and native pastures (Paspalum notatum Flüggé ) to quantify soil and water losses in paired plots. Total rainfall per event, soil properties (soil cover, texture, organic matter, bulk density, porosity, and soil penetration resistance), and pasture production were also estimated. Our results showed a decrease in organic matter and porosity and an increase of the bulk density in the exotic pasture plots. Soil erosion monitoring showed higher soil losses for the exotic cultivated plots (359.8 g m−2 or 3.6 mg ha−1 ) than for the native plots (90.7 g m−2 or 0.91 mg ha−1 ). The highest percentage of bare soil surfaces and compaction coincided with the highest soil erosion rates measured in the exotic pastures. However, the mean fodder production in the exotic plots was almost five times higher (987 kg DM ha−1 ) than in the native ones (204 kg DM ha−1 ). These findings confirm that farmers have an internal conflict. They want to optimize the production of fodder, but this leads to high soil erosion rates and reduces soil fertility in the medium- and long-term. The traditional, less productive pastoral system is more sustainable from an environmental and cultural point of view. However, this system may not be sustainable from an economic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Soil and water losses along the cultivation cycle of onion in Irati, Brazil.
- Author
-
Antoneli, Valdemir, Caroline de Paula, Enaiale, Anésio Bednarz, João, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Cerdà, Artemi, and Pulido, Manuel
- Subjects
- *
SOIL erosion , *SOIL moisture , *ONIONS , *LAND degradation , *VEGETABLE farming , *SOIL compaction - Abstract
• Each stage of cultivation indicated different rates of water and soil loss. • Conventional onion crops in southern Brazil induce land degradation. • Agricultural activities during the different phases indicated variation in the soil surface. • Agricultural activities during cultivation are determining factors in soil erosion. • Soil compaction increases water and soil loss. Onion is one of the most important vegetables grown in southern Brazil. However, despite its profitability, little is known about its response to soil erosion throughout its productive cycle divided into 5 stages: S1 (germination), S2 (formation of leaves and roots), S3 (bulbification), S4 (snap) and S5 (harvesting). With the aim of providing knowledge in this matter we have analyzed the intra-cycle dynamics of some parameters such as bulk density (BD), porosity, soil penetration resistance (SPR), and soil and water losses. To do that we have assessed these parameters in 40 random points and at different depths in a representative farm of 3 ha located in the municipality of Irati (Paraná, Brazil). BD was quantified by using the core method, porosity after particle density quantification by the volumetric balloon method, and SPR by impact penetrometer. Soil and water losses were estimated after carrying out 30 rainfall simulations (6 per crop stage). The results showed that bulk density increased progressively and continuously from 1.06 to 1.36 g cm−3. This greater compaction was also observed in the values of SPR that increased from 2.0 to above 3.0 MPa at the end of the cycle. Regarding soil erosion the highest rates were recorded at S4 when onions are snapped (431.0 g m−2). We conclude the occurrence of runoff and soil erosion is a consequence of the increase in soil compaction throughout the cycle provoked by the repeated pass of heavy machinery and workers to apply herbicides and fertilizers. Since soil erosion rates found are relatively high (1437.1 g m−2 y−1) we suggest the progressive implementation of conservationist practices to guarantee its sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Using hydrological connectivity to detect transitions and degradation thresholds: Applications to dryland systems.
- Author
-
Saco, Patricia M., Rodríguez, José F., Moreno-de las Heras, Mariano, Keesstra, Saskia, Azadi, Samira, Sandi, Steven, Baartman, Jantiene, Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, and Rossi, María Julieta
- Subjects
- *
DESERTIFICATION , *WATER supply , *MOLECULAR connectivity index , *WATER , *WATER shortages , *WETLANDS , *LANDSCAPE design - Abstract
• Ecogeomorphic feedbacks can increase biomass loss leading to degradation thresholds. • Hydrological connectivity can be used to identify thresholds in drylands. • Increased connectivity in rangelands produces loss of functionality and degradation. • Decreased connectivity in wetlands promotes vegetation shifts and degradation. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, shortage of water can trigger changes in landscapes' structures and function leading to degradation and desertification. Hydrological connectivity is a useful framework for understanding water redistribution and scaling issues associated with runoff and sediment production, since human and/or natural disturbances alter surface water availability and pathways increasing/decreasing connectivity. In this paper, we illustrate the use of the connectivity framework for several examples of dryland systems that are analysed at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. In doing so, we draw particular attention to the analysis of coevolution of system structures and function, and how they may drive threshold behaviour leading to desertification and degradation. We first analyse the case of semi-arid rangelands, where feedbacks between the decline in vegetation density and landscape erosion reinforces degradation processes driven by changes in connectivity until a threshold is crossed above which the return to a functional system is unlikely. We then focus on semi-arid wetlands, where decreases in water volumes promote terrestrial vegetation encroachment that changes drainage conditions and connectivity, potentially reinforcing redistribution of flow paths to other wetland areas. The analysis of dryland wetlands is based on a novel hydrologic connectivity index derived using inundation requirements for wetland vegetation associations. The examples presented highlight the need to incorporate a coevolutionary framework for the analysis of changing connectivity patterns and the emergence of thresholds in arid and semi-arid systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.