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The greening of land plays a meaningful role in improving human settlements by regulating ecosystem functions in the central coast region of China. However, research on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of green land changes in different urbanized regions and the cooling temperature effect of the different green land densities are still lacking in this region, which limits the understanding of the effect of greening of land on land thermal properties. To address this issue, we integrated several approaches to establish a comprehensive way of 'human–computer interactive interpretation method—urban interior mixed pixel model—surface radiation energy balance model' using data from remote sensing images and the national land use/cover database of China, focusing on Rizhao city. The conclusions are as follows: The total greening of land from 2000 to 2022 was monitored, and it was found that its cover improved within the built-up area of the city, with the proportion of green land increasing from 25.34% in 2000 to 42.98% in 2022. Differences in the amount of green spaces in different urbanized regions were first observed, namely, the urban greening rate was 37.78% in the old urban area in 2022, while it was as high as 46.43% in the newly expanded urban area in 2022, showing that more attention should be given to the construction of urban green spaces during urban expansion. Thermal comfort indicators in the study area were evaluated in terms of latent heat flux (0–457.83 W/m2), sensible heat flux (0–645.09 W/m2), and total available energy (254.07–659.42 W/m2). We also found that the cooling temperature effect in the middle- and high-density green land regions were 1.05 °C and 2.12 °C higher than those in the low-density region, and the established comfort/discomfort zones in terms of land surface temperature were depicted. These results provide a new practical reference for exploring the spatiotemporal heterogeneity change in green land and its impact on land-surface thermal properties in coastal regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable resource potential calculation is the basic premise for the country to formulate planning and carry out rural housing land consolidation, which can deepen the research on the economical and intensive use of rural construction land. This paper evaluates farmers' area demands of rural housing land by using the consumption utility function, analyzes the spatial pattern characteristics of demand and potential, and puts forward suggestions for the resource optimization of rural housing land based on the survey data of 613 farmers and land use data in the Pinggu District of Beijing in 2005 and 2018. Research shows that the utilities of life, production, and the ecological are carried and measured by the corresponding internal land-use structure of rural housing land. The proportion of life land area was the largest, and the life and production land area decreased from plain to mountain, from 119.76 m2 to 89.07 m2 and from 44.87 m2 to 32.85 m2, respectively. The average area potential is 395.64 m2 and the change range is −30.35–1413.75 m2, which is basically in accordance with the normal distribution. The area potential can be divided into five grades, which are expressed by I, II, III, IV, and V in order of potential from small to large by using the natural fracture method. The utility needed should be enhanced and expanded, and the redundant utility should be removed and socialized in the village. The resource optimization and allocation of rural housing land should be promoted according to the idea of regionalization and classification. It provides scientific support for the reform of rural housing land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consolidation and reuse of idle rural residential land (IRRL) is a key component when studying rural sustainable land use. Scientifically understanding the relationship between the consolidation of IRRL and rural revitalization and exploring ways to revitalize IRRL through rural revitalization are key scientific issues that urgently need to be solved for rural land sustainability. By applying an integrated framework, the potential supply for consolidation and the utilization demand of IRRL under rural revitalization are synthetically identified, and the supply-demand relationship is further explored. Finally, diversified revitalization for IRRL based on the coordination of supply and demand is proposed. The results show that the dominant sources of the consolidation potential for IRRL are agricultural land supply, ecological improvement and industrial land supply. The dominant demands for IRRL involve industrial development, residence function and ecological protection. There is an obvious mismatch between the consolidation potential supply and the utilization demand of IRRL, and the lack of consolidation potential supply is the main source of this mismatch. Under the trade-off between consolidation potential supply and rural revitalization demand, industrial development and ecological improvement are the dominant utilization directions of IRRL in Pinggu, and fewer villages are being used for residential improvement. The direct consolidation of village functions, the transformation into a land index for spatial transfer, and maintaining the land as idle are the primary revitalization methods for IRRL. The study aims to realize the potential value of IRRL and to deeply explore the human-land adaptation relationship under rural revitalization to enrich the research system of sustainable land use and provide a reference for rural land rights reform in developing countries. • Idle rural residential land can generate multiple consolidation potentials. • There exists an obvious mismatch between the consolidation potential supply and the utilization demand of IRRL. • Industrial development and ecological improvement are the dominant utilization directions of IRRL in Pinggu. • The coordination between the supply and needs of rural idle land helps to guarantee rural land sustainability. • The direct consolidation, spatial transfer, and keeping land as idle are the primary revitalization methods for IRRL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural in situ urbanization (RISU) indicates that rural settlements transfer into urban land within the original rural settlements area from the perspective of land use. A quantitative study from the perspective of land use can reveal trends of RISU and provide a basis for the promotion of the healthy and rational development of urbanization. Based on the investigation data of land use change of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in the period from 2003 through 2015, this paper analyses the spatio-temporal pattern of RISU through the elaboration of RISU and the construction of a rural in situ urbanization index (RISUI), and the driving mechanism of RISU is subsequently discussed. The results showed that RISU fluctuated during the study period in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and its scale between different levels shifted from polarization to balance. RISU displayed a significant spatial agglomeration with the combined influence of siphon and spillover effects in Beijing and Tianjin, and its spatial scope expanded to the periphery with Beijing as the centre. The findings further revealed that RISU was developed under the comprehensive influence of population, economy, social public service and space. To realize the healthy and benign development of urbanization, the government should vigorously promote the RISU of small towns on the basis of resource environmental bearing capacity and the land construction foundation. Meanwhile, urban-rural construction land and the allocation of public service resources should also be arranged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]