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Stabilized landfill leachate is a complex wastewater containing high concentration of non-biodegradable organic compounds and Ammoniacal nitrogen. Thus, an advanced treatment such as membrane technology is required to treat leachate effectively. In this study, membrane filtration process was employed to treat stabilized leachate. A new type of membrane was fabricated by incorporating palm oil fuel ash (POFA) into hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer to produce flat sheet membrane via phase inversion technique. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the membrane fabrication. The filtration process was carried out using cross-flow ring (CFR) test. The best removal efficiencies of COD, colour and NH 3 –N was found using a membrane with the following composition: 13.9 wt% PVDF and 1.2 wt% POFA. To improve the permeability and anti-fouling ability, the best performing membrane was further modified using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The performance and characterization of unmodified and modified membranes were systematically analyzed. The results showed that filtration properties of modified membrane were efficiently developed by 0.5 wt% of PVA. Pure water flux value was enhanced from 40.16 to 81.08L/m2.h and transmembrane pressure was reduced from 0.60 to 0.55 bar as a result of the surface and pore size improvements. Moreover, the modified membranes significantly enhanced the removal of COD (57.06%), colour (58.27%) and NH 3 –N (55.44%) due to the newly developed microstructure. This study offers the best way to develop PVDF- POFA membrane improved by PVA for stabilized landfill leachate treatment. The produced PVDF membrane was also economical compared to the commercially available PVDF membrane. [Display omitted] • A flat sheet PVDF membrane integrated with POFA was fabricated via phase inversion. • RSM was used for membrane design, and performance analysis and optimization. • Fabricated membrane with POFA showed better removal efficiency than without POFA. • PVA adding used to modify membrane, where best performance found at 0.5 wt% PVA. • Permeability and hydrophilicity were characterized and proved membrane improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the municipal solid wastes (MSW) produced daily in the world are being buried in landfilling sites without any prior treatment particularly in developing countries. These landfills yield leachate which is a highly contaminated wastewater. Thus, a proper treatment of leachate is highly recommended before the final discharge. Recently, the use of membrane separation technology alongside bioreactors have opened a new gateway in treating refractory wastewater such as landfill leachate. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is a promising technique for leachate treatment due its substantial benefits over other conventional anaerobic and aerobic technologies. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive review and assessment on the potential practice of AnMBR in treating landfill leachate and its technological advancements in the recent past. A critical review on the performance of a lab-scale AnMBR on landfill leachate with the biogas production is also included in the current work. Moreover, this study inspects various factors affecting the performance of AnMBR along with its limitations and future perspectives. The simultaneous treatment of landfill leachate anaerobically to produce bioenergy complies with the principles of circular economy and sustainable growth. Image 1075 • An overview of AnMBR using municipal landfill's leachate and its biogas production. • Waste-to-Energy (WTE) can help to achieve the principles of circular economy. • Membrane fouling is one of the major obstacles limiting the application of AnMBR. • Identifying research gaps of AnMBR systems and its energy perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]