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4 results on '"Haynie, Hannah J."'

1. Societies of strangers do not speak less complex languages.

Author

Shcherbakova O, Michaelis SM, Haynie HJ, Passmore S, Gast V, Gray RD, Greenhill SJ, Blasi DE, and Skirgård H

Subjects
Phylogeny, Emotions, Adaptation, Physiological, Language, Linguistics
Abstract

Many recent proposals claim that languages adapt to their environments. The linguistic niche hypothesis claims that languages with numerous native speakers and substantial proportions of nonnative speakers (societies of strangers) tend to lose grammatical distinctions. In contrast, languages in small, isolated communities should maintain or expand their grammatical markers. Here, we test these claims using a global dataset of grammatical structures, Grambank. We model the impact of the number of native speakers, the proportion of nonnative speakers, the number of linguistic neighbors, and the status of a language on grammatical complexity while controlling for spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation. We deconstruct "grammatical complexity" into two separate dimensions: how much morphology a language has ("fusion") and the amount of information obligatorily encoded in the grammar ("informativity"). We find several instances of weak positive associations but no inverse correlations between grammatical complexity and sociodemographic factors. Our findings cast doubt on the widespread claim that grammatical complexity is shaped by the sociolinguistic environment.

Published
2023
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2. Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity and highlights the impact of language loss.

Author

Skirgård H, Haynie HJ, Blasi DE, Hammarström H, Collins J, Latarche JJ, Lesage J, Weber T, Witzlack-Makarevich A, Passmore S, Chira A, Maurits L, Dinnage R, Dunn M, Reesink G, Singer R, Bowern C, Epps P, Hill J, Vesakoski O, Robbeets M, Abbas NK, Auer D, Bakker NA, Barbos G, Borges RD, Danielsen S, Dorenbusch L, Dorn E, Elliott J, Falcone G, Fischer J, Ghanggo Ate Y, Gibson H, Göbel HP, Goodall JA, Gruner V, Harvey A, Hayes R, Heer L, Herrera Miranda RE, Hübler N, Huntington-Rainey B, Ivani JK, Johns M, Just E, Kashima E, Kipf C, Klingenberg JV, König N, Koti A, Kowalik RGA, Krasnoukhova O, Lindvall NLM, Lorenzen M, Lutzenberger H, Martins TRA, Mata German C, van der Meer S, Montoya Samamé J, Müller M, Muradoglu S, Neely K, Nickel J, Norvik M, Oluoch CA, Peacock J, Pearey IOC, Peck N, Petit S, Pieper S, Poblete M, Prestipino D, Raabe L, Raja A, Reimringer J, Rey SC, Rizaew J, Ruppert E, Salmon KK, Sammet J, Schembri R, Schlabbach L, Schmidt FWP, Skilton A, Smith WD, de Sousa H, Sverredal K, Valle D, Vera J, Voß J, Witte T, Wu H, Yam S, Ye J, Yong M, Yuditha T, Zariquiey R, Forkel R, Evans N, Levinson SC, Haspelmath M, Greenhill SJ, Atkinson QD, and Gray RD

Subjects
Humans, Cognition, Databases, Factual, Language, Linguistics
Abstract

While global patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly well characterized, the diversity of human languages remains less systematically described. Here, we outline the Grambank database. With over 400,000 data points and 2400 languages, Grambank is the largest comparative grammatical database available. The comprehensiveness of Grambank allows us to quantify the relative effects of genealogical inheritance and geographic proximity on the structural diversity of the world's languages, evaluate constraints on linguistic diversity, and identify the world's most unusual languages. An analysis of the consequences of language loss reveals that the reduction in diversity will be strikingly uneven across the major linguistic regions of the world. Without sustained efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages, our linguistic window into human history, cognition, and culture will be seriously fragmented.

Published
2023
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3. Drivers of geographical patterns of North American language diversity.

Author

Pacheco Coelho MT, Pereira EB, Haynie HJ, Rangel TF, Kavanagh P, Kirby KR, Greenhill SJ, Bowern C, Gray RD, Colwell RK, Evans N, and Gavin MC

Subjects
Geography, Humans, Models, Theoretical, North America, Language, Population Density
Abstract

Although many hypotheses have been proposed to explain why humans speak so many languages and why languages are unevenly distributed across the globe, the factors that shape geographical patterns of cultural and linguistic diversity remain poorly understood. Prior research has tended to focus on identifying universal predictors of language diversity, without accounting for how local factors and multiple predictors interact. Here, we use a unique combination of path analysis, mechanistic simulation modelling, and geographically weighted regression to investigate the broadly described, but poorly understood, spatial pattern of language diversity in North America. We show that the ecological drivers of language diversity are not universal or entirely direct. The strongest associations imply a role for previously developed hypothesized drivers such as population density, resource diversity, and carrying capacity with group size limits. The predictive power of this web of factors varies over space from regions where our model predicts approximately 86% of the variation in diversity, to areas where less than 40% is explained.

Published
2019
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4. Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity and highlights the impact of language loss

Author

Hedvig Skirgård, Hannah J. Haynie, Damián E. Blasi, Harald Hammarström, Jeremy Collins, Jay J. Latarche, Jakob Lesage, Tobias Weber, Alena Witzlack-Makarevich, Sam Passmore, Angela Chira, Luke Maurits, Russell Dinnage, Michael Dunn, Ger Reesink, Ruth Singer, Claire Bowern, Patience Epps, Jane Hill, Outi Vesakoski, Martine Robbeets, Noor Karolin Abbas, Daniel Auer, Nancy A. Bakker, Giulia Barbos, Robert D. Borges, Swintha Danielsen, Luise Dorenbusch, Ella Dorn, John Elliott, Giada Falcone, Jana Fischer, Yustinus Ghanggo Ate, Hannah Gibson, Hans-Philipp Göbel, Jemima A. Goodall, Victoria Gruner, Andrew Harvey, Rebekah Hayes, Leonard Heer, Roberto E. Herrera Miranda, Nataliia Hübler, Biu Huntington-Rainey, Jessica K. Ivani, Marilen Johns, Erika Just, Eri Kashima, Carolina Kipf, Janina V. Klingenberg, Nikita König, Aikaterina Koti, Richard G. A. Kowalik, Olga Krasnoukhova, Nora L. M. Lindvall, Mandy Lorenzen, Hannah Lutzenberger, Tânia R. A. Martins, Celia Mata German, Suzanne van der Meer, Jaime Montoya Samamé, Michael Müller, Saliha Muradoglu, Kelsey Neely, Johanna Nickel, Miina Norvik, Cheryl Akinyi Oluoch, Jesse Peacock, India O. C. Pearey, Naomi Peck, Stephanie Petit, Sören Pieper, Mariana Poblete, Daniel Prestipino, Linda Raabe, Amna Raja, Janis Reimringer, Sydney C. Rey, Julia Rizaew, Eloisa Ruppert, Kim K. Salmon, Jill Sammet, Rhiannon Schembri, Lars Schlabbach, Frederick W. P. Schmidt, Amalia Skilton, Wikaliler Daniel Smith, Hilário de Sousa, Kristin Sverredal, Daniel Valle, Javier Vera, Judith Voß, Tim Witte, Henry Wu, Stephanie Yam, Jingting Ye, Maisie Yong, Tessa Yuditha, Roberto Zariquiey, Robert Forkel, Nicholas Evans, Stephen C. Levinson, Martin Haspelmath, Simon J. Greenhill, Quentin D. Atkinson, Russell D. Gray, Skirgård, Hedvig [0000-0002-7748-2381], Haynie, Hannah J [0000-0003-2237-230X], Blasi, Damián E [0000-0002-9885-1414], Latarche, Jay J [0000-0002-0486-248X], Lesage, Jakob [0000-0002-3751-9637], Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena [0000-0003-0138-4635], Chira, Angela [0000-0002-2964-7583], Maurits, Luke [0000-0002-3130-4256], Dinnage, Russell [0000-0003-0846-2819], Dunn, Michael [0000-0001-5349-5252], Reesink, Ger [0000-0002-8724-7887], Singer, Ruth [0000-0003-4915-3262], Bowern, Claire [0000-0002-9512-4393], Epps, Patience [0000-0002-7429-7885], Hill, Jane [0000-0002-4501-1016], Vesakoski, Outi [0000-0002-7220-3347], Abbas, Noor Karolin [0000-0002-6602-4772], Borges, Robert D [0000-0002-7647-4048], Dorenbusch, Luise [0000-0003-0410-6921], Dorn, Ella [0000-0002-6344-4907], Fischer, Jana [0000-0003-0576-1098], Ghanggo Ate, Yustinus [0000-0003-4378-5277], Gibson, Hannah [0000-0003-2324-3147], Goodall, Jemima A [0000-0002-0310-9445], Gruner, Victoria [0000-0002-4504-1274], Harvey, Andrew [0000-0003-3659-4704], Hayes, Rebekah [0000-0003-0978-2646], Heer, Leonard [0000-0002-1569-9761], Hübler, Nataliia [0000-0002-0013-563X], Just, Erika [0000-0001-7244-3714], Kashima, Eri [0000-0002-7534-7047], König, Nikita [0000-0001-9582-9361], Koti, Aikaterina [0000-0002-8155-7120], Kowalik, Richard GA [0000-0003-4903-997X], Krasnoukhova, Olga [0000-0002-1953-7954], Lindvall, Nora LM [0000-0003-4640-7589], Lorenzen, Mandy [0000-0001-5433-8224], Lutzenberger, Hannah [0000-0003-0574-4060], Martins, Tânia RA [0000-0002-3648-2190], van der Meer, Suzanne [0000-0002-4232-8675], Montoya Samamé, Jaime [0000-0003-3797-1161], Müller, Michael [0000-0002-2027-7301], Norvik, Miina [0000-0001-5781-3916], Oluoch, Cheryl Akinyi [0000-0003-2465-719X], Peck, Naomi [0000-0003-3567-813X], Poblete, Mariana [0000-0003-0253-712X], Raabe, Linda [0000-0002-3684-3742], Reimringer, Janis [0000-0001-6769-8907], Rey, Sydney C [0000-0002-5657-9221], Rizaew, Julia [0000-0002-4250-8035], Salmon, Kim K [0000-0001-8515-1008], Sammet, Jill [0000-0003-0869-795X], Schmidt, Frederick WP [0000-0002-1429-966X], Skilton, Amalia [0000-0002-9848-5688], de Sousa, Hilário [0000-0002-3790-8245], Vera, Javier [0000-0002-5234-6279], Wu, Henry [0000-0002-5762-3124], Ye, Jingting [0000-0001-8813-131X], Yuditha, Tessa [0000-0002-1280-7245], Zariquiey, Roberto [0000-0002-1421-1314], Forkel, Robert [0000-0003-1081-086X], Evans, Nicholas [0000-0003-0893-3713], Levinson, Stephen C [0000-0001-8961-5316], Greenhill, Simon J [0000-0001-7832-6156], Atkinson, Quentin D [0000-0002-8499-7535], Gray, Russell D [0000-0002-9858-0191], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Cognition, Databases, Factual, Humans, Linguistics, Language
Abstract

While global patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly well characterized, the diversity of human languages remains less systematically described. Here we outline the Grambank database. With over 400,000 data points and 2,400 languages, Grambank is the largest comparative grammatical database available. The comprehensiveness of Grambank allows us to quantify the relative effects of genealogical inheritance and geographic proximity on the structural diversity of the world's languages, evaluate constraints on linguistic diversity, and identify the world's most unusual languages. An analysis of the consequences of language loss reveals that the reduction in diversity will be strikingly uneven across the major linguistic regions of the world. Without sustained efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages, our linguistic window into human history, cognition and culture will be seriously fragmented. Genealogy versus geography Constraints on grammar Unusual languages Language loss Conclusion

Published
2023

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