Search

В огляді представлені ключові питання, які розглядалися під час робочого засідання з питань дефіциту та недостатності вітаміну D, організованого та проведеного в м. Лісабон (Португалія) спільними зусиллями професора ендокринології Mário Rui Mascarenhas (медичний факультет Університету Лісабону, Santa Maria Hospital), президента Португальського товариства остеопорозу та метаболічних захворювань кісток (SPODOM — Portuguese Society of Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolic Diseases) Ana Paula Barbosa та президента українського підрозділу EVIDAS (European Vitamin D Association Scientific society), президента Української асоціації остеопорозу професора В.В. Поворознюка.

The Toulouse-Pieron Cancelation Test (TP) is a classic psychometric tool for the assessment of selective/sustained attention, processing speed and visuo-perceptual abilities. It is commonly used in neurological disorders such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease. It encompasses two main indexes: Work-Efficiency (WE) and Dispersion-Index (DI). The aim of this study is to provide normative scores for the TP in a sample of Portuguese healthy adults. The TP was administered to a convenience sample of 357 cognitively-dwelling subjects aged between [45 and 86] years old, following a standard assessment protocol. The normative scores were adjusted for age and education. Education was the main predictor of TP-WE (R2 = .310), whereas the influence of age on this score was lower (R2 = .191). These two variables explained 50.1% of the variance of the results. Regarding TP-DI, education was also the main predictor of the results (R2 = .039), whereas age was responsible for R2 = .011 and together, they explained 5% of the variance of TP-DI. TP performances are strongly influenced by age and education. This is the first study focused on the establishment of normative data after the age of 45 in the Portuguese population, allowing a reliable assessment in both clinical and research contexts.

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is considered a pathological fixation with healthy eating. Despite recent research focus, there is still a lot of inconsistent information concerning ON, including its definition and validity of its measuring tools. This study aimed to extend the current knowledge on ON, by developing and validating the Portuguese adaptation of the Dusseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS) and studying its prevalence and relationship with different psychological indicators, sex, BMI and dietary pattern. Data were collected online, through self-report questionnaires, and two different samples were collected, with 513 (Sample 1) and 541 participants (Sample 2) from the general population. DOS’ one-dimensional factorial structure and reliability was confirmed. ON’s prevalence was 10.52%. Results revealed that women present higher scores on DOS than men, but no differences were found regarding the BMI groups. DOS was positively related to all psychological indicators, with moderate and strong relationships with disordered eating and inflexible eating. Sample 2 was used to explore ON’s differences between dietary patterns, with results demonstrating that omnivores present significantly lower levels of orthorexic tendencies, when compared with the vegetarian, vegan, and paleo groups. The present study is the first to successfully validate a measure that assesses ON for the Portuguese population and adds to the existing literature in several other important ON aspects. Level V—validation study.

Objectives: Portugal is one of the most aged countries in the world and dementia is increasing among the Portuguese population. It is estimated to affect around 200,000 people in Portugal. There is a clear need for non-pharmacological interventions to ameliorate the symptoms of dementia and improve the quality of life. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), a worldwide well-known program developed in the United Kingdom (UK), is recognized as a cost-effective intervention, with benefits both in cognitive function and quality of life of people with mild to moderate dementia. We tested the feasibility and cultural appropriateness and adapted CST to Portuguese people with dementia. Methods: The Formative Method for Adapting Psychotherapy (FMAP) model for cultural adaptation was used. A focus group discussion with health professionals and caregivers provided the basis for cultural adaptation, as well as feedback from participants, caregivers, and facilitators after a pilot study. Results: Some modifications were required, especially related to linguistic issues, in 11 of the 14 CST sessions. The adapted program was found to be acceptable and enjoyable in a small sample of people with dementia in a rehabilitation context. Conclusions: CST seems feasible and culturally appropriate in Portugal. A systematically developed and culturally adapted manual is ready to be used in a large-scale implementation and validation of CST in Portugal. Clinical implications: CST is a valid program for the Portuguese culture, contributes to the availability of a structured and effective clinical intervention for PwD in Portugal and to the possibility of comparing programs across countries.

Aim This study aimed to culturally and linguistically adapt the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS) for the Portuguese population. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods The ATS instrument was validated in a non‐probabilistic sample of 259 nurses working at three hospitals in Portugal. The validity was assessed through factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and test–retest. Results The final scale is a one‐factor scale consisting of 10 items and called "turnover intention." There are significant correlations among the scale items. Reliability and validity are acceptable. The ATS—Portuguese version, exhibited good psychometric properties for the Portuguese population.

Health care professionals’ gender awareness has been presented as a mechanism to minimize gender biases in health. The present paper aimed to adapt and validate the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS, Verdonk et al. in Sex Roles 58:222–234, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9326-x) to the Portuguese population, also addressing some limitations of its original study, namely by: (1) testing the scale’s three-fold underlying structure and (2) extending the study of its criteria-related validity, by analyzing sex-related differences in medical students’ gender awareness and the associations between gender awareness and empathy and sexism. One thousand and forty-eight medical students (Mage = 22.90; 67.1% women) filled out the Portuguese version of the N-GAMS (N-GAMS.pt) along with measures of Physician Empathy and Sexism. A Parallel Analysis and an Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested the presence of three factors. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit of the hypothesized three-factor structure: (1) gender sensitivity (n = 6 items; ? =.713), (2) gender-role ideologies towards patients (n = 7 items; ? =.858) and (3) gender-role ideologies towards doctors (n = 5 items; ? =.837), with a positive association between the latter two (r =.570; p

The aim of this study is to validate the Voice Handicap Index 10, to be implemented on the Portuguese population.Fourty-five subjects were included on the study with vocal complaints and 45 subjects with no vocal complaints, followed on Otorhinolaryngology external appointment at Centro Hospitalar Universitário of Porto. The Voice Handicap Index 30 (VHI-30) and The Voice Handicap Index 10 (VHI-10) questionnaires were applied to the subjects by phone call. Posteriorly, VHI-10 was again applied in the next two to seven days after the first call. These procedures helped validating VHI-10 according to its reproducibility, internal consistency and correlation between questionnaires.In the group with vocal complaints, we verified a significant statistical correlation and a strong linear correlation between VHI-30 and VHI-10 (r = 0.915; P0.001). The group without vocal complaints has shown a significant statistical correlation and a moderate linear correlation between VHI-30 and VHI-10 (r = 0.647; P0.001). Regarding VHI-10, It was detected a significant statistical difference between patients with and without vocal complaints.VHI-10 in Portuguese of Portugal was applied to a sample that included, not only subjects with different ages, but also subjects with and without vocal complaints. Among patients with vocal complaints, it was included subjects with different diagnosis (organic and functional pathology). Thus, the sample was representative, and VHI-10 was reliable and reproducible.VHI-10 is a valid representation of VHI-30 that helps evaluate the impact of vocal complaints on life quality, with proven psychometric properties to be implemented on the Portuguese population.

Este estudo teve como objetivos proceder à tradução e adaptação transcultural da PEM-CY: Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth, de acordo com os procedimentos recomendados pelos seus autores, e estudar as suas propriedades psicométricas para a população portuguesa. Este instrumento examina a perceção dos pais (ou cuidadores) de crianças com e sem incapacidade, acerca da participação, no que se refere à frequência, ao envolvimento e ao desejo de mudança, em atividades que tipicamente acontecem nos contextos de casa, da escola e da comunidade; examina ainda os fatores ambientais que impactam essa mesma participação. A versão portuguesa da PEM-CY foi preenchida pelos pais de 390 crianças, com idades entre os 5 e os 17 anos, das quais 152 foram reportadas como apresentando algum tipo de incapacidade. Valores de consis - tência interna nas diferentes escalas e contextos oscilaram entre .67 a .86, com a exceção da escala frequência no contexto escolar. Na fidelidade teste-reteste obtiveram-se valores acima de .68. No que se refere à validade de critério a escala mostrou-se consistente na identificação de diferenças significativas nos resultados dos grupos, com e sem incapacidade, nas diferentes escalas dos contextos estudados. Os resultados apontam a versão portuguesa da PEM-CY como um instrumento válido para a compreensão da participação de crianças com e sem incapacidade nos diferentes contextos, segundo a perceção dos pais. This study goals where to translate and culturally adapt the PEM-CY: Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth and also to present its psychometric properties in the portuguese population. This instrument examines the perception of caregivers of children with and without disabilities on participation frequency, involvement and desire of change in typical activities in home, school and community settings; it also examines wich context factors affect participation. PEM-CY was completed by the parents/caregivers of 390 children, aged 5-17 years, of which 152 were reported as having disability. Internal consistency ranged from .67 to .86, except for school context frequency. Test-retest reliability values were all above .68. In what concerns criterion validity, significant differences in parent’s responses of children with and without disabilities were found in all 3 settings. Results obtained indicate the portuguese translation of PEM-CY as a valid measure for achieving understanding on how children with and without disabilities participate in different settings, according to parents perspectives. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background: The international guidelines recognize that the treatment of asthma focuses both on the current control and the risk of exacerbations, based on the management of symptoms which advocate an objective assessment. The Childhood Asthma Control Test (c-ACT) tool allows an assessment of the control of asthma in children and is used in Portugal, but has no validation. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the c-ACT tool for the Portuguese population. Methodology: A methodological, quantitative, and transversal study, on a sample of 60 children and healthcare providers, for the analysis of the psychometric properties of a measuring tool, written in Portuguese. The internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach?s alpha, and the factorial validity and reliability of the model were analyzed using exploratory factorial analysis. Results: The tool showed internal consistency, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.716. There are statistically significant correlations between each item and the overall evaluation. Conclusion: The c-ACT tool demonstrated good psychometric properties, giving validity and reliability for use in the Portuguese population. 991B-C3B6-3D4F | Salete Soares info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

ObjectiveWe aimed at analysing changes in consumption of selected food groups in the Portuguese population before and after the Great Recession, which hit the country between 2008 and 2013.DesignWe used pooled cross-sectional data from the Portuguese National Health Interview Surveys of 2005/2006 and 2014. We modelled the probability of consumption of soup, fish, meat, potatoes/rice/pasta, bread, legumes, fruit, vegetables and sweets/desserts, as a function of the year, controlling for age, sex and education, using logistic regressions. Then, we stratified the analysis by age group and education level. Analyses were adjusted for survey weights.SettingPortugal (2005/2006 to 2014).ParticipantsAdults (n 43273) aged 25–79 years.ResultsFrom 2005/2006 to 2014, there was a significantly lower consumption of fish, soup, fruit and vegetables. Conversely, the consumption of legumes and sweets/desserts was significantly higher in 2014. The changes in the selected food groups were consistent across most education levels. Among people aged 65 years or above, there were no significant changes in most foods, except an increase in the consumption of legumes and sweets/desserts. In contrast, people aged 25–39 and 40–64 years significantly decreased their intakes of fish and soup and increased their consumption of sweets/desserts.ConclusionsThe consistent results across education levels suggest that changes in dietary habits are not linked to the economic downturn. By contrast, our findings suggest a shift away from foods commonly linked to the Mediterranean diet, particularly among younger people.

Background: The dependence is defined by the commitment of the person’s individual capacity for selfcare and its evaluation determines the implementation of a suitable and feasible therapeutic plan. Objective: The aim of this study was the validation of the Care Dependency Scale for Rehabilitation (CDS-R), which makes it possible to evaluate, besides physical aspects, the psycho-social aspects, in particular the adjustment of the person to sickness situation. Methodology: The translation and cultural adjustment of the CDS-R to the Portuguese language were carried out according to the guidelines of Beaton, Bombardier, Guillemin, and Ferraz (2000), in 2015. The CDS-R validation for the Portuguese language was carried out according to the guidelines of Vilelas (2009) and conception of Pestana and Gageiro (2005). Results: The CDS-R is a valid and reliable instrument, with the total Cronbach alpha value obtained of 0.971, which allows nurses specialist in rehabilitation to evaluate the degree of independence and autonomy of the person in health transition processes. Conclusion: From the values obtained, it is considered that the CDS-R is validated for the Portuguese population

Objective: Psychometric properties of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices in a Portuguese community sample were investigated. Method: The sample consists of 522 people (250 men and 272 women), aged between 12 and 95 years. All participants completed an informed consent form and a battery of neuropsychological tests, including Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), Rey 15-Item Memory Test, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Rey Complex Figure Test. Results: The average in RSPM was 41.18 (SD = 12.03). The results showed that all sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education, profession, regions, and place of residence) significantly influenced RSPM scores. The reliability and temporal stability of RSPM were adequate. Conclusions: This study suggests that RSPM is an instrument with potential for use among the Portuguese population.

The outbreak of COVID-19 might produce dramatic psychological effects on individuals’ lives. In this study, we aimed to explore the elements that may reduce the negative effects on mental health of the quarantine period imposed by most governments during this worldwide crisis. We conducted an online survey to evaluate demographic, lifestyle and mental health variables in a sample of 1280 Portuguese individuals (79.8% females) with an average age of 37 years. We observed that factors related to living conditions, maintaining work either online or in the workplace, frequency of exercise and absence of previous psychological or physic disorders are protective features of psychological well-being (anxiety, depression, stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms). Finally, the individuals previously receiving psychotherapeutic support exhibited better psychological indicators if they did not interrupt the process as a consequence of the outbreak. Our results indicate that the practice of physical exercise, reduced consumption of COVID-19 information and the implementation of remote mental healthcare measures might prevent larger impacts on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak., This work was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the scope of the project 110_596697345 (Research 4 COVID) and partially funded by the FEDER funds, through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE), and by national funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the scope of the project UID/Multi/50026/2019. This manuscript has been developed under the scope of the project NORTE 01-0145-FEDER-000013, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).

Objective: The main goal of this study was to produce normative data for the Portuguese population on five neuropsychological tests frequently used to assess executive functions and attention: the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), the Stroop Color and Word Test, the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Brief Test of Attention (BTA), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Method: The study included 300 individuals aged between 18 and 93 years, who had educational backgrounds ranging from 3 to 25 years. Results: The influence of age, education, and sex was explored for each measure, as well as their contribution to explain the performance variance. Conclusions: The normative data are presented as regression-based algorithms to adjust direct and derived test scores for sex, age, and education. This study provides a calculator of normative data, derived from the results of the regression models. This work was supported by the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, Portugal (FPCEUP). The Counselling Neuropsychology Unit of the FPCEUP; The Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology of the FPCEUP; and the Centre of Psychology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

EnglishThe Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R) assesses the three fundamental personality dimensions: Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, including a Lie/Social Desirability scale. This paper presents the results of the normalization study of EPQ-R in the Portuguese population, which were obtained through a large and representative community sample. A sample of 1689 subjects participated in this study (783 men and 906 women, ages 16-60 years old) from several geographic areas in Portugal. The norms of the Portuguese Version of EPQ-R were constructed considering gender and age, and significant statistical differences between several groups were found. Through a model of Item Response Theory, a DIF analysis was performed and showed the psychometric quality of the EPQ-R items in measuring the N, E, P, and L constructs, concerning gender and age variables. portuguesO Questionario de Personalidade de Eysenck – Forma Revista (EPQ-R) avalia as tres dimensoes fundamentais da personalidade: Psicoticismo, Extroversao, Neuroticismo, e inclui uma escala de Mentira/Desejabilidade Social. Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados do estudo de afericao do EPQ-R para a populacao portuguesa, obtidos com recurso a uma amostra extensa e representativa recolhida na comunidade. Neste estudo, participaram 1689 sujeitos (783 homens e 906 mulheres, 16-60 anos) provenientes de diversas areas geograficas de Portugal. As normas de interpretacao do EPQ-R foram estabelecidas para as variaveis genero e idade, tendo sido encontradas diferencas estatisticas significativas entre os diferentes grupos. No âmbito da Teoria da Resposta ao Item, foi realizada uma analise DIF que confirmou a qualidade dos itens do EPQ-R na medicao dos constructos N, E, P e L, para as variaveis genero e idade

Climate change (CC) represents a global challenge for humanity. It is known that the impacts of anthropogenic actions are an unequivocal contribution to environmental issues aggravation. Human values are recognized as psychological constructs that guide people in their attitudes and actions in different areas of life, and the promotion of pro-environmental behaviors in the context of CC must be considered a priority. The present work aimed to understand the contribution of attitudes towards CC and selected sociodemographic variables to explain Schwartz&rsquo, s motivational human values. The sample consists of 1270 Portuguese answering the European social survey (ESS) Round 8. Benevolence and self-transcendence are the most prevalent human values among respondents. The majority believe in CC and less than half in its entirely anthropogenic nature. It was found that the concern with CC and education contributes to explain 11.8% of the conservation variance, gender and concern about CC explain 10.1% of the variance of self-transcendence, and age, gender and concern about CC contribute to explain 13% of the variance of openness to change. This study underlines the main human values&rsquo, drivers of attitudes towards CC, central components in designing an effective societal response to CC impacts, which must be oriented towards what matters to individuals and communities, at the risk of being ineffective.

Age estimation is a major step in forensic and legal procedures. Its relevance has been increasing due to growing society issues, such as identification of missing people, crimes against minors or lack of valid identification papers from locals or foreigners. Evaluation of the cut-off value of the Third Molar Maturation Index (I3M) = 0.08 for discriminating minors from adults in the Portuguese population. The left lower third molars were analysed by applying a specific cut-off value of 0.08 determined by Cameriere et al. in 2008. A sample of 778 digital panoramic radiographs of a representative Portuguese sample (442 females and 336 males), in the age range of 12–24 years (mean age 17.7 ± 2.98 years in females and 18.1 ± 3.0 years in males), was retrospectively evaluated. I3M decreased as the real age gradually increased in both sexes. The 0.08 cut-off score was valuable in discriminating adults from minors. According to the pooled results, the accuracy, by means of area under the curve, was 92.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91.0–94.6%). The proportion of correctly classified subjects (sensitivity) was 90.7% (95% CI 88.7–92.8%) and the specificity was 94.9% (95% CI 93.3–96.4%). The results show that I3M is a valuable method to differentiate minors from adults in the Portuguese population.

Os adolescentes (entre os 10 e os 19 anos) são um grupo etário com elevada prevalência de infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), devido aos seus fatores biológicos e socio-comportamentais. Em Portugal, os adolescentes revelam fraca adesão ao preservativo, têm múltiplos parceiros sexuais, deficiente educação sexual e altas taxas de reinfeção. Nesta faixa etária, a infeção genital por Chlamydia trachomatis é a IST mais prevalente, cujo curso assintomático dificulta o diagnóstico e controlo epidemiológico. Pretendeu-se rever os dados publicados de prevalência da infeção genital por Chlamydia trachomatis no grupo dos adolescentes portugueses. Nos estudos populacionais encontrados em Portugal, bastante heterogéneos entre si, verificou-se uma prevalência entre 2,23% e 18,2%. As taxas de notificação portuguesas são inferiores às dos restantes países europeus e os dados oficiais nacionais não discriminam a faixa etária dos adolescentes. Entre os 15-24 anos, foram notificados 41 casos em 2015 e 56 casos em 2016. Segundo o relatório do European Centre for Disease Control, foram notificados 116 e 167 casos na mesma faixa etária, em Portugal, em 2017 e 2018, respetivamente. A compreensão da epidemiologia da infeção genital por CT nos adolescentes portugueses é impossibilitada devido ao subdiagnóstico, à subnotificação e ao não isolamento dos adolescentes nos grupos de estudo. É assim necessário um esforço conjunto a nível clínico e político para que seja possível delinear uma estratégia eficaz no combate a esta infeção nos adolescentes.

Although dehumanization (i.e., the denial of full humanness to others; Haslam, 2006) has been a frequent subject in social psychology, a set of traits designed to evaluate this phenomenon has not been validated to the Portuguese population. The main purpose of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate a set of dehumanization traits proposed by Haslam and colleagues (Haslam & Bain, 2007; Haslam, Bain, Douge, Lee & Bastian, 2005), which measure both the denial of uniquely human and human nature traits. A sample of 597 individuals (Mage = 40.83; SD = 11.50) were asked to rate a set of 52 traits on how much they perceived each as a characteristic of human nature and human uniqueness, as well as its desirability. T-tests were conducted to distinguish between low and high rated traits in each dimension, and to construct clusters of traits that differ in each dimension. We successfully provide a measure containing positive traits in both senses of humanness dimensions; however, we were only able to validate a human uniqueness measure with negative valence. Implications of this measure for future research on dehumanization processes are discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The concept of affect corresponds to the emotional dimension of subjective well-being (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). It is represented by two dimensions (negative affect and positive affect), which were the basis of the development of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). It was translated and validated for the Portuguese population by Galinha and Pais-Ribeiro (2005b). Nevertheless, because the Portuguese version was not validated in a sample of Portuguese elderly, the goals of this study consisted in the translation of the scale (PANAS) from the original version of 20 items and the validation of its measurement model (including a shortened version) for a sample of Portuguese elderly (n = 311), aged 60 years or older (M = 68.53; DP = 6.69); it was then tested by a confirmatory factorial analysis. The results demonstrated that the measurement model (two factors and 10 items) of the shortened Portuguese version of the PANAS presented acceptable psychometric qualities, which adjusted to the data in a satisfactory way (factorial weights ranging between .57 and .70 in positive affect and between .52 and .68 in negative affect). We also concluded that older adults who practice more physical activity perceive higher levels of positive affect F(2, 297) = 3,78, p < .05; η2 = .025, and lower levels of negative affect F (2, 297) = 6,24, p < .001; η2 = .040). This project was supported by the National Funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/DTP/04045/2019) - and the European Fund for regional development (FEDER) allocated by European Union through the COMPETE 2020 Programme (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006969).

Língua de Preto ‘language of the Blacks’ (LdP) is the conventional name for the basic variety of Portuguese spoken by the West African slaves deported to Portugal from the end of the 15th century onwards, who formed an important and visible minority within the Portuguese population until the end of the 19th century. The restructured Portuguese they used with the white Portuguese and among themselves is partially known to us through theatre and folk literature. Although its heyday was the 16th century, it apparently continued in use until the 18th century. The present article tries to account for its emergence and continuance and to assess its possible contribution to the formation of West African Portuguese Creoles. What LdP implies for the Portuguese attitude toward language issues is also examined.

Objetivo: A literatura demonstra que a imagem corporal é uma dimensão central de auto e heteroavaliação e um foco de preocupação não só para as mulheres, mas também para os homens. Diversos autores têm sublinhado a necessidade de um maior investimento no desenvolvimento e validação de instrumentos de medida para a imagem corporal para o sexo masculino, dado que homens e mulheres se distinguem significativamente em relação às preocupações associadas à aparência física. A Male Body Attitude Scale-Revised(MBAS-R) é a versão revista de um instrumento de medida (MBAS), especificamente desenvolvido para a população masculina, que visa avaliar as atitudes e preocupações em relação à imagem corporal. O presente estudo visa estudar a estrutura fatorial e as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R.Métodos: O estudo foi conduzido numa amostra constituída por 222 homens da população geral portuguesa, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 65 anos.Resultados: Os resultados de uma série de análises fatoriais confirmatórias demonstraram a adequação da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R (12-itens) com uma estrutura de dois fatores (massa muscular e massa gorda). A análise dos itens da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R revelou que todos os itens contribuem consistentemente para a respetiva subescala e para a medida global. Adicionalmente, tanto a escala total como as subescalas da versão portuguesa da MBAS-R revelaram boa consistência interna. Os resultados mostraram ainda que as preocupações e atitudes em relação à imagem corporal, avaliadas pela MBAS-R, se associam positivamente a vergonha externa, vergonha corporal e inflexibilidade alimentar.Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a MBAS-R é uma medida breve e válida para avaliar e caraterizar as preocupações masculinas em relação à imagem corporal de um modo global e, simultaneamente, especificamente em relação a duas dimensões centrais da vivência da imagem corporal (massa muscular e gordura corporal) nesta população.

Background: Congenital heart diseases have a high prevalence in Portugal in the pediatric age. Understanding the quality of life of children with congenital heart diseases will allow to know its impact and the adaptive process involved. We lack, however, measurement instruments adapted to the Portuguese population. Objective: Translate and adapt the Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory (PCQLI) for the Portuguese population. Methodology: The original questionnaire was translated according to international recommendations. The final version of the instrument was applied in a non-probability sample comprised 59 children, 80 adolescents and their parents, totaling 278 respondents. The facial validity analysis was performed with the pre-test and internal consistency analysis using Cronbach’s Alpha. Results: In the pre-test it was verified that the items are comprehensible, useful with a simple and colloquial language. The internal consistency for the total score varied for the different versions between 0.834 and 0.932. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of PCQLI allowed us to evaluate the quality of life of children with congenital heart disease in a satisfactory way. However, a larger sample is needed to develop the validation process

Background Several methods have been described to estimate inter-arch tooth size relationship, such as Bolton's ratios. The aims of this study were to verify the validity of Bolton indexes in a sample of untreated Portuguese subjects based on Angle classification and to evaluate the gender difference. Material and Methods 168 pre-treatment dental casts of orthodontics Portuguese subjects (59 males and 109 females) with different occlusions were used, which were selected randomly from 541 consecutively treated orthodontic patients. The mesiodistal widths from first molar to first molar were measured on each pre-treatment cast to the nearest 0.01 mm using digital caliper, and Bolton's anterior and overall ratios were calculated. Descriptive statistics as mean, standard deviation and range were calculated. Moreover, the results were compared to Bolton's ratios and differences based on gender and occlusion groups were evaluated by statistical inference methods. Results The results reveal that the mean values, standard deviation and range were larger than Bolton's in normal occlusion group (78.3±3.5% in anterior ratio and 92.1±2.2% in overall ratio) and there were no differences between genders (p >0.05). Class I (anterior and overall ratios, p=0.001 and p

The article aims to analyse how the publications of several Lisbon sports clubs responded to an order by several decrees to align the formerly independent sports structures with the regulatory and ideological framework of the portuguese dictatorship in the early 1940s. While abiding to state requirements demanding that sports clubs cooperate in the education of the Portuguese population, the newspapers implemented a strategy which turned these originally restricting demands to their favour. Arguing that the clubs could better contribute to society with less taxation, and integrating such arguments in a nationalistic narrative sucessfully helped the clubs gain more political leeway in the late 1940s and in the 1950s.

O presente estudo procura analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) e adaptar para a população portuguesa a sua versão de heterorrelato. A amostra foi constituída por 604 ado-lescentes com idades entre os 15 e os 18 anos (M=15.99, DP=.97). A confiabilidade foi avaliada através do alfa de Cronbach, que revelou índices de .86/.81 para a totalidade do instrumento na versão do pai e da mãe respetivamente, e índices que variaram entre .48/.85 para as respetivas subescalas. A análise fatorial confirmatória evidenciou que os índices de ajustamento apresentaram valores desajustados. Confirmou-se a estrutura original do instrumento organizada em três fatores mediante as análises de componentes principais que revelaram a presença de um item do estilo permissivo a saturar noutro fator. Através da análise semântica deste item e da sua respetiva reorganização, verificaram-se índices de ajustamento adequados. Propõe-se a nova estrutura fatorial do PSDQpor se considerar que é mais ajustada à cultura portuguesa. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and adapts its observer reporting version to the Portuguese population. The sample consisted of 604 adolescents 15 to 18 years old (M=15.99, SD=.97). Reliability as measured by Cronbach’s alpha revealed indices of .86/.81 for the totality of the instrument in the father and mother version respectively, with indices that varied between .48/.85 for the respective subscales. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated mismatched values for the goodness of fit indices. The analysis of principal components study confirmed the original structure of the instrument organized in three factors that revealed the presence of a permissive item saturating into another factor. Semantic analysis of this item and its respective reor-ganization verified adequate goodness of fit indices. The new factor structure of the PSDQis proposed as more adjusted to the Portuguese culture. El presente estudio busca analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) y adaptar su versión de heterorrelato a la población portuguesa. La muestra se constituyó por 604 adolescentes con edades entre los 15 y los 18 años (M=15.99, DP=.97). La fiabilidade se evaluó por medio del alfa de Cronbach, que reveló índices de .86/.81 para la totalidad del instrumento en la versión del padre y de la madre respectivamente, e índices que variaron entre .48/.85 para las respectivas subescalas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenció que los índices de ajustamiento presentaron valores desajustados. Se confirmó la estructura original del instrumento organizada en tres factores mediante los análisis de componentes principales que revelaron la presencia de un ítem del estilo permisivo a saturar en otro factor. Por medio del análisis semántico de este ítem y su respectiva reorganización, se verificaron índices de ajustamiento adecuados. Se plantea la nueva estructura factorial del PSDQ porque se considera que es más ajustada a la cultura portuguesa.

Considering the nature, extent, and purpose of food processing, this study aims to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their associations with sociodemographic factors and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015–2016) of the Portuguese population. Dietary intake was obtained from two non-consecutive days and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. The proportion (in grams) of foods in the total daily diet was considered to identify DPs by latent class analysis, with age and sex as concomitant variables. Associations of DPs with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Linear regressions adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics tested associations of DPs with diet quality. DPs identified were: “Unhealthy” (higher sugar-sweetened beverages, industrial breads, and sausages intake), “Traditional” (higher vegetables, fish, olive oil, breads, ultra-processed yogurts, and sausages intake), and “Dairy” (higher intake of milk, yogurt, and milk-based beverages). “Unhealthy” was associated with older ages and lower intake of dietary fibre and vitamins and the highest free sugars and ultra-processed foods (UPF), although all DPs presented significant consumption of UPF. These findings should be considered for the design of food-based interventions and school-feeding policies in Portugal.

Background Positive childhood experiences have a positive effect on adulthood, and the absence of positive experiences can be more damaging throughout life than the presence of adversity. Recently, researchers have developed the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs), an instrument designed to assess positive childhood experiences. Objectives The present study aims to adapt the BCEs to the Portuguese population and examines its psychometric properties. Participants and settings 1886 adults with a mean age of 36.36 years (SD = 13.66) from the community participated in this study. Methods Participants responded to an online protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the BCEs, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure for the BCEs with a good fit, CFI = 0.94; NFI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.043 [0.036, 0.050]. Results also indicated satisfactory internal consistency and discriminant validity values. Predictive validity showed that higher BCEs scores predicted fewer adverse experiences in the last 3 years, but only before accounting for adverse childhood experiences. Conclusions Overall, the results support the assertion that the Portuguese version of the BCEs is a valuable, brief, and psychometrically reliable instrument to measure positive childhood experiences that is suitable for use in Portugal.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between fourteen coping strategies and depressive symptoms in the Portuguese population. To undertake this work, 313 Portuguese adults aged 18 to 70 years (M = 30.73, SD = 10.79) were invited to participate in this study. Their participation was completely voluntary, and participants granted and signed informed consent previously to the filling of the validated Portuguese questionnaires. These questionnaires measured depressive symptoms, coping, and life satisfaction. The results revealed that life satisfaction displayed a mediating role in the relationship between adaptive coping mechanisms, specifically between active coping, planning, reinterpretation, and acceptance and depressive symptoms, showing a negative and significant indirect effect. Maladaptive coping mechanisms of self-blame, denial, self-distraction, disengagement, and substance use had a significant positive association with depressive symptoms, considering the mediating role of satisfaction with life. Current investigation provides initial evidence of how each coping mechanism is associated with satisfaction with life and depressive symptoms. This study clearly demonstrates that not all coping strategies are capable of influencing well-being indicators and that health professionals should focus on endorsing those that are significantly associated with lowering depressive symptoms and increasing overall satisfaction with life.

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, but its prevalence is unknown in adult Portuguese population. In Portugal, 66% of adults present Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Winter, living in Azores, older age, and obesity were the most important risk factors. It highlights the need of strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency in Portugal.To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in the adult Portuguese population.Adults (≥ 18 years old) from the EpiReumaPt Study (2011-2013) were included. Standardized questionnaires on socio-demographic and lifestyle features were obtained. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were evaluated using ADVIA Centaur VitD competitive immunoassay (Siemens Healthineers) in 2015-2017 as 25 (OH)D Level 0: ≤ 10 ng/mL; Level 1: 11-19 ng/mL; Level 2: 20-29 ng/mL, and Level 3: ≥ 30 ng/mL. Weighted multinomial regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between socio-demographic and lifestyle variables and vitamin D status.Based on weighted analysis, the estimated prevalence of levels of 25(OH)D ≤ 10, 20, and 30 ng/mL was 21.2, 66.6, and 96.4%, respectively. The strongest independent predictors of serum 25 (OH)D ≤ 10 ng/mL were living in the Azores archipelagos (OR 9.39; 95%CI 1.27-69.6) and having the blood sample collection in winter (OR 18.53; 95%CI 7.83-43.87) or spring (11.55; 95%CI 5.18-25.74). Other significant predictors included older age (OR 5.65, 95%CI 2.08-15.35), obesity (OR 2.61; 95%CI 1.35-5.08), current smoking (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.23-4.43), and female gender (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.28). Conversely, physical exercise (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.28-0.81) and occasional alcohol intake (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.29-0.81) were associated with a lower risk of 25(OH)D ≤ 10 ng/mL.Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency [25(OH)D 20 ng/ml] is highly prevalent in Portugal, affecting 60% of all Portuguese adults, with strong geographical and seasonal variation. This study highlights the need to critically assess the relevance of vitamin D deficiency as a public health problem and the urgent need for a wide and scientifically robust debate about the most appropriate interventions at the individual and societal levels.

[Abstract] This adaptation consists of the translation from Spanish into Portuguese of the different contents offered by the ClepiTO web platform to be able to carry out a pilot test with a larger population in Portugal and thus be able to compare the results obtained among the Spanish and Portuguese population Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; IN852A 2016/10 Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/23 Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/16 Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/01

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos têm demonstrado existir uma perturbação do processamento emocional em crian-ças com perturbação hiperatividade/ défice de atenção (PHDA). No entanto, existem poucos estudos relativos à as-sociação entre alexitimia e PHDA tanto em adultos como em crianças, e nenhum na população portuguesa. MÉTODOS: A amostra acidental inclui 50 crianças previamente diagnosticadas com PHDA e sob tratamento e 51 crianças saudáveis sem PHDA, com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e os 17 anos. Com o intuito de avaliar a alexiti-mia foi aplicada a versão portuguesa do questionário de alexitimia para crianças.RESULTADOS: Comparando os dois grupos, não se verificaram diferenças significativas em nenhum dos três fatores da escala de alexitimia: dificuldade em identificar sentimentos, dificuldade em descrever sentimentos e pensamento orientado externamente, assim como na pontuação total da escala. DISCUSSÃO: No nosso estudo, crianças com PHDA sob intervenção farmacológica e psicoterapêutica apresentaram níveis de alexitimia sobreponíveis à população controlo. CONCLUSÃO: O nosso estudo pretende reforçar a importância da avaliação do processamento emocional na PHDA e a sua relação com as intervenções terapêuticas realizadas, abrindo portas a que outras investigações se dediquem a este tema.

INTRODUCTION: Oral health is a determinant for quality of life and preventive behaviours such as regular tooth brushing can reduce the risk of a wide spectrum of oral diseases. Adopting preventive behaviours increases the likelihood of being healthy and can be conditioned by demographic and socio-economic factors. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe preventive oral hygiene behaviours in the Portuguese population and assess their association with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was developed using data from the first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey. The target population comprised Portuguese community-dwelling residents aged between 25 and 74 years old. The percentage of individuals who brushed their teeth at least twice a day, provided that once was before sleeping, was considered the indicator showing a preventive behaviour, as this is recommended by the General Directorate of Health in Portugal. Poisson regression was used to identify factors independently associated with this behaviour. RESULTS: Sixty-five per cent of the participants reported tooth brushing as recommended. The prevalence of adoption of this preventive behaviour was higher among those living in urban areas and those who have higher educational level. Results show an association between being male and having low educational level with lesser adoption of preventive oral health behaviours. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a need for integrated approaches, from measures tackling social inequalities to actions focused on improving health literacy. It is also important to expand dental healthcare services and improve effective coverage to increase access for rural population. INSEF was developed as part of the Pre-defined project of the Public Health Initiatives Program, entitled ‘Improvement of epidemiological health information to support public health decision and management in Portugal. Towards reduced inequalities, improved health and bilateral cooperation’, that benefited from a 1,500,000€ grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Respiratory muscle weakness is frequent in chronic respiratory diseases. Several equations exist to predict maximum respiratory pressures but there are no recommendations of which should be used and none was developed for Portugal. This study revised predictive equations of maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure for healthy adults and explored their suitability for the Portuguese population. A systematic review was conducted. Studies were eligible if they presented at least 1 equation for MIP or MEP developed for healthy adults. For equation testing, MIP/MEP were collected from healthy adults. Predicted values were computed from the equations and compared with actual values using Wilcoxon tests and Bland-Altman plots. 19 studies were included. 36 MIP and 30 MEP equations were found but only 32 and 25 were possible to test in 229 subjects (62%♂, 101.8±20.5FEV1pp, 66.7±9.7yrs). 4 MIP equations showed no significant differences between actual and predicted values (p>0.05, rs=0.32-0.47, R2=9-47%). From these, 3 overestimated (bias=0.19-4.06 cmH2O, men) and 1 underestimated (bias=0.99 cmH2O, women) the actual values (Fig. 1). All MEP equations showed significant differences between actual and predicted values. Only 4 MIP equations seem to be useful for the Portuguese population. Future studies should aim to develop an equation for the Portuguese population with higher coefficients of determination. published

Objectives The aim of this study is to estimate the cut-off points for the Portuguese legal ages through the I3M, and to compare them with the methods of Demirjian, Nolla and Moorrees. Design The lower third molars were analyzed on 348 orthopantomography’s aged between 12 and 23 years in a Portuguese Population. The images were analyzed by ImageJ and the cut-off points were calculated for the respective legal ages of 14, 16, 18 and 21 years old. Results The correlation between age and the I3M was 0.862, whereas with Demirjian’s stadiums, Nolla’s stages, and Moorrees’ stages the correlation coefficients were 0.863, 0.842 and 0.844, respectively. For the cut-off point of 0.08 for the age of 18, a sensitivity of 78.99 %, specificity of 93.48 %, an accuracy of 88.54 %, a positive predictive value of 86.24 % and a posteriori Bayes probability of 92.82 %. The cut-off points established for the ages of 14, 16, 18 and 21 years for the Portuguese population achieved an accuracy of 83.67 %, 85.67 %, 88.54 % and 87.11 %, respectively. Conclusion Demirjian’s method and Cameriere’s method attain quite similar results. In certain ages, the methods of Nolla and Moorrees show higher sensitivity or higher specificity when compared to Cameriere’s method, however this last method is more stable in terms of reliability and more suitable to use in the Portuguese population.

The opposition between intrinsic (I) and extrinsic (E) religious motivation was operationalised by Allport and Ross through a Religious Orientation Scale (ROS). However, empirical studies using the ROS or other derived instruments have not always been able to confirm this clear opposition. This study presents the results of the Portuguese version of the Age-Universal I/E Scale and of a Current Religious Practice Scale in four convenience community samples of the Portuguese population (global N = 932). Exploratory factor analysis enables the definition of three factors. Factor 1 groups I and Extrinsic Personal (Ep) items and is similar to the first factor obtained in studies on European non-Protestant populations. However, confirmatory analysis suggests that the I and Ep dimensions can be distinguished from each other, although they are very closely related. The difference between these two dimensions was clearer in the subgroup of practising Catholics.

On the fortieth anniversary of the Carnation Revolution, it is pertinent to ask how Portuguese citizens understand their transition to democracy. In this article, some of the main findings concerning the meanings and legacies of 25 April 1974 are presented, drawing on the findings of two surveys focusing on Portuguese attitudes towards 25 April and fielded in 2004 and 2014, respectively, to a representative sample of the Portuguese population. Here we focus on the degree to which the transition is viewed positively and its social and economic legacies. In the final sections, the main findings of the articles in this special issue are discussed through a presentation of the main questions they answer and the new ones they raise.

ObjetivoAs preocupações com a aparência têm vindo a ter um crescente interesse ao nível da investigação. Pretende-se avaliar a validade fatorial e a fiabilidade da Escala de Avaliação da Aparência de Derriford (DAS-24) na população portuguesa.MétodoQuinhentos e oito sujeitos, participaram neste estudo, utilizando uma amostra por conveniência. Os participantes responderam a questões sociodemográficas, questões relacionadas com o investimento esquemático da aparência e a autoconsciência da aparência.ResultadosA DAS-24 apresentou um bom índice de consistência interna (α = 0,91). Através dos resultados obtidos na análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), apresenta um ajustamento aceitável (χ2/df = 2,5; GFI = 0,912; CFI = 0,925; TLI = 0,909; RMSEA = 0,054; p [rmsea ≤ 0,05] = 0,130).ConclusãoA DAS-24, na população portuguesa, apresenta-se psicometricamente robusta na avaliação da autoconsciência da aparência, tornando-se uma escala aplicável e aceitável da versão original.

Introduction: The pregnant motivation interferes in decision to initiate breastfeeding. Between the desire to breastfeed and the practice, motivation is identified as favorable or unfavorable factor in maternal decision process. It's important to assess motivation on the Portuguese pregnant women because it's an important determinant to breastfeed. The study of the motivation in pregnant women for breastfeeding helps us to understand the reasons that influence this behavior and consequently promote some actions to promote BF. So, does Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Scale (IEMBS) to breastfeed keeps the psychometric characteristics when applied to the Portuguese population, using the cognate theory? Objective: To translate, adapt and validate the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation to Breastfeed Scale (IEMBS) on the Portuguese population. Methods: The study was made in two phases: 1. Translation by independent translators, reviewed by experts and applied to 10 mothers to assess cultural adaptation. 2. Validity of content using a factorial principal components analysis using varimax rotation on a sample of 300 Portuguese women, mean age 30.21, 75% were primiparous, 84% living with a partner in urban areas. Results: Tool was equivalent in semantic terms, demonstrating good internal consistency levels (totalα=0.854). Kurtosis coefficients showed leptokurtic distribution. Factor analysis resulted 4 factors explaining 66.672% total variance: F1 explains 31.662% total variance, α=0.868; F2 explains 16.421% total variance, α=0.805; F3 explains 10.707% total variance, α=0.806; F4 explains 7.882% total variance, α=0.745. KMO=0.838; Bartlett T (X2=2102.750; p

Introduction: Reduction of unfair differences in health between socioeconomic groups and countries constitutes an important public health challenge in the 21st century. To monitor progress on this goal, health inequalities are most frequently estimated based on self-reported data from population surveys. However, it has been shown that self-reported data on cardiovascular disease risk factors is prompt to reporting error. If errors occur more often in specific socioeconomic groups (due to under-diagnosis or lower literacy) they are likely to seriously bias health inequality estimates. This study aims at comparing measurement errors between socioeconomic categories in self-reported hypertension, and their consequences on health inequality estimates. Methods: We used data from the Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (INSEF), a cross-sectional nationwide study conducted in 2015 on a probabilistic sample (n=4911) of community-dwelling individuals aged between 25 and 74 years old. INSEF combines measured biochemical parameters and blood pressure with self-reported data. Self-reported hypertension was defined based on the question: “Do you have any of the following diseases or conditions: hypertension? (Yes/No)”. Examination-based hypertension was defined as having systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mmHg, or using prescribed antihypertensive medication. Participants´ socioeconomic status was measured through the education level (no education/ 1st cycle of basic education, 2nd cycle of basic education, 3rd cycle of basic education, secondary education and higher education). Inequalities in hypertension between the highest and lowest socioeconomic status groups were measured using relative indexes of inequality (RII) and respective confidence intervals (CI 95%), estimated by Poisson regression. Estimates of inequalities were stratified by age and sex, using four population groups (male 25-49 years old, female 25-49 years old, male 50-75 years old, female 50-75 years old). Results: Hypertension was reported by 25.7% [CI 95%: 24.0 to 27.4] of participants, while 35.9% [CI 95%: 34.2 to 37.5] were considered to have hypertension according to examination-based data. The difference between examination-based and self-reported prevalence was 12.7pp for those with no education/ 1st cycle of basic education and 4.6pp for those with higher education. Similar educational gradients were observed for both self-reported (RII=1.87; CI 95%: 1.45 to 2.42) and examination-base (RII=1.91; CI 95%: 1.60 to 2.28) hypertension, with lowest prevalence of disease among the highly educated. Age- and sex-specific results showed considerable discrepancies in inequality indicators between self-reported and examination-based data. Namely, differences in estimated gradients were more pronounced among 25-49 years old males, with RII=0.67 (CI 95%: 0 .29 to 1.54) for self-reported and RII=1.90 (CI 95%: 1.22 to 2.96) for examination-based hypertension. In 25-49 years old females inequalities in self-reported hypertension were not statistically significant (RII=3.18; CI 95%: 0.94 to 10.73), while females with the lowest education were 4.35 (CI 95%: 2.60 to 7.27) times more likely to have examination-based hypertension then compared to the most educated. In 50-75 age group educational inequalities in self-reported hypertension were larger than in examination-based for both, male (RII=1.82 CI 95%: 1.25 to 2.69 vs. RII=1.40; CI 95%: 1.04 to 1.89) and female (RII=1.77; CI 95% 1.30 to 2.41 vs. RII=1.58; CI 95%: 1.22 to 2.04). Conclusions: Our results illustrated the significant effect of measurement error in self-reported hypertension on estimates of socioeconomic inequalities. Use of self-reported data led to underestimation of educational inequalities among young and middle-aged individuals and overestimation in older age groups. Inequality indicators derived from self-report should be interpreted with caution. EEA grants N/A

Nomophobia is the fear of leaving the house without a mobile and being out of mobile phone contact and affects different areas of a person's life, especially in terms of social, work and academic relationships due to a dependence on the use of smartphones. Discovering the prevalence of nomophobia among nursing students is very important, as the misuse of smartphones in clinical practice may cause distractions, affecting the quality of care and putting patient safety at risk. Furthermore, it can lead to poorer academic performance during class. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of nomophobia experienced by nursing students at the University of Almeria, Spain and the Polytechnic Institute of Braganza, Portugal. A comparative descriptive observational study was carried out. A nomophobia questionnaire adapted to the Spanish and Portuguese sociolinguistic context was employed; 258 participants comprised the subjects of study. The main results showed both Spanish and Portuguese nursing students scored higher than average regarding levels of nomophobia. However, the scores gathered from items on the questionnaire were generally higher among the Portuguese population than the Spanish one. The Portuguese students (54.7%) felt more anxious than the Spanish students (35.4%) if their battery ran out. Similarly, the Portuguese population showed a greater need for instant communication with their family and friends. In conclusion, the dimensions explored indicate significant levels of nomophobia among both nursing student populations, with higher levels among the Portuguese population than the Spanish. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: Six-minute walk test (6MWT) is used for evaluating functional exercise capacity. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reference equations to predict six-minute walk distance (6MWD) for the Portuguese population. The aims of the present study were to measure anthropometric data and 6MWD in a sample of healthy Portuguese population, to establish reference equations to predict 6MWD and to compare our equations with those obtained by previously published studies. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study. We consecutively recruited 158 healthy 18–70 years old subjects from Porto district, who performed two 6MWTs using a standardized protocol. The best 6MWD was used for further analysis. Results: The mean 6MWD was 627.8 m (SD = 73.3 m). The variables that were significantly associated with the 6MWD were age, sex, BMI and ΔHR (Heart Rateat the end of the test − HRat rest). We found three explanatory models for 6MWD, the best with an explanatory power of 38%: 6MWD = 721.7 − 1.6 × Age − 4.0 × BMI + 0.9 × ΔHR + 58.4 × Sex. We verified that 6MWD decreased 1.6 m per year of age, and 4.0 m per unit of BMI and increased 0.892 m per beat per minute. Moreover, on average, males walk 58.4 m more than females (p

Purpose: Adequate knowledge on hypertension has been shown to improve awareness, adherence to treatment and control of the disease. We aimed to estimate the health-related knowledge about hypertension among the Portuguese population. Materials and methods: A representative sample of Portuguese-speaking dwellers in mainland Portugal (n = 1624), aged 16 to 79 years, was evaluated through face-to-face interviews conducted using a structured questionnaire. Health literacy was evaluated using the instrument Newest Vital Sign. Results: The mean prevalence of hypertension in the Portuguese population estimated by the participants in this study was 45.4%. Salt intake and poor diet were reported as main causes of hypertension by 27.5% and 21.5% of the participants, respectively, whereas more than 85% acknowledged myocardial infarction and stroke as its main consequences. However, 31.2% of the participants were not able to identify a cause for high blood pressure, especially the older and those with worse scores for health literacy. The accurate interpretation of blood pressure values diminished with the increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure figures provided as examples for interpretation, from approximately 80% for 95/60 mmHg to 50% for 180/100 mmHg. Women and participants with greater levels of education or a previous diagnosis of hypertension tended to interpret blood pressure values correctly more often. Conclusions: This study provided a quantitative estimate of the gaps in health-related knowledge about hypertension among the general population. Understanding the barriers that hinder the achievement of health-related knowledge on hypertension is expected to contribute for the global improvement of prevention and management of hypertension.

©Carla Lopes, Duarte Torres, Andreia Oliveira, Milton Severo, Sofia Guiomar, Violeta Alarcão, Elisabete Ramos, Sara Rodrigues, Sofia Vilela, Luísa Oliveira, Jorge Mota, Pedro J Teixeira, Paulo J Nicola, Simão Soares, Lene Frost Andersen, The IAN-AF Consortium. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 15.02.2018. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Research Protocols, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.researchprotocols.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included., Background: The assessment of food consumption data using harmonized methodologies at the European level is fundamental to support the development of public policies. Portugal is one of the countries with the most outdated information on individual food consumption. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the design and methodology of the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, 2015-2016, developed to collect national and regional data on dietary habits, physical activity (PA), and nutritional status, in a representative sample of the Portuguese general population (3 months-84 years). Methods: Participants were selected by multistage sampling, using the National Heath Registry as the sampling frame. Data collection, during 12 months, was harmonized according to European guidelines (EU-MENU, European Food Safety Authority [EFSA]). Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) was performed on a specific electronic platform synchronized with nutritional composition data and considering the FoodEx2 classification system. Dietary assessment was performed using 24-hour recalls (two nonconsecutive, 8-15 days apart) or food diaries in the case of children aged

Spiritual intelligence has gained increasing importance as an academic construct in the field of psychology. We present the psychometric properties for the Portuguese adaptation of the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory-24, SISRI-24. The exploratory analysis showed a factorial structure different from the original scale, comprising three factors instead of four as in the original version, in which “Transcendental Awareness” was removed. The confirmatory factorial analysis revealed adjustment to a three-factor model for the Portuguese version. The main indexes of adjustment are generally better than the original four-factor version, suggesting the adequacy of this solution for the Portuguese population. The analysis with the convergent measures (SWBQ and MPWQ) provides evidence of the construct’s validity and criterion. The results are promising, allowing us to proceed with the uses of this tool for measuring spiritual intelligence, which may, however, be improved in the future.

© 2017 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Obesity is recognised as a serious public health issue, due to its associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Portuguese population through direct measurements obtained by the 1st National Health Examination Survey (INSEF 2015) and to identify its associated sociodemographic factors. INSEF was a nationally representative cross-sectional prevalence study conducted on 4911 Portuguese adults aged 25-74 years, in 2015. Height and weight were measured according to the European Health Examination Survey procedures. Poisson regression was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios of overweight and obesity according to age, marital status, occupational activity, education, urbanization of living area and smoking status. Overall prevalences of overweight and obesity were 39.1% and 28.6%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight was higher among men (45.5% vs 33.2%) while the prevalence of obesity was higher among women (32% vs 25%). The sociodemographic factors associated with overweight and obesity were age, marital status and education. Smoking status was associated with overweight and obesity but only in women. INSEF suggests that a high prevalences of overweight and obesity are found in older individuals, married, with lower education levels and non-smoking women. Public health interventions are urgently required for obesity prevention, namely throughout health literacy strategies., The authors are grateful to all the professionals involved in the INSEF fieldwork and to all the INSEF participants. INSEF was developed as part of the Pre-defined project of the Public Health Initiatives Program, ‘‘Improvement of epidemiological health information to support public health decision and management in Portugal. Towards reduced inequalities, improved health, and bilateral cooperation’’, that benefits from a 1.500.000D Grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants.

The aim of this study was to validate the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) for Portuguese parents and to further investigate the scale's criterion-related validity. A two-stage stratified sample of the Portuguese population of parents, with children attending public preschools and primary schools, was obtained, totalizing 3842 parents of children between 3 and 10 years old. Parents completed a Parental Concerns Scale and the Portuguese version of the PSS. Results support the four-factor structure of the Portuguese version of the PSS. Higher levels of parental stress were reported by parents of boys, with lower educational levels; older, divorced or single parents; unemployed mothers; and with a higher number of children. Parental concerns and parental stress' comparative study reported very low correlations between the two constructs. This study supported evidence for the PSS' validity with a stratified sample of Portuguese parents of children between 3 and 10 years old. Moreover, our findings reported the scale's divergent validity with a Parental Concerns Scale. These results point to the importance of assessing both dimensions in family practice. European Social Fund info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The Portuguese Population and Housing Census is carried out every 10 years by Statistics Portugal. In the Census 2011, a new tool was developed to assist the Quality Assurance system in order to make the monitoring of fieldwork operations more efficient and thus diminish the uncertainties that could cause coverage error in the results. This tool, named as Map of Alert, presents a three-level typology of alert that ensures advance knowledge of the potential risk of each freguesia’s failure to meet the quality standards defined for the enumeration process. This article describes the methodological process that guided the development of the Map of Alert and presents the Map itself. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) scales (Carver & White, 1994), which allow rating the Gray’s motivational systems, were translated and adapted into Portuguese. In this study, the authors present the procedure and the psychometric analyses of the Portuguese version of the scales, which included basic item and scales psychometric characteristics, as well as confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. After the psychometric analyses provided evidence for the quality of the Portuguese version of the scales, the normative data was provided by age and school grade. The confirmatory factor analysis of the BIS/BAS scales that the authors performed did not demonstrate satisfactory fit for the 2- or 4-factor solution. The authors also tested the more recent 5-factor model, but the fit indices remained inadequate. As fit indices were not satisfactory they proceeded with an exploratory factor analysis to examine the structure of the Portuguese scales. These psychometric analyses provided evidence of a successful translation of the original scales. Therefore these scales can now be used in future research with Portuguese or Brazilian population.