72 results on '"Presidencialismo"'
Search Results
2. Partidos legislativos y coaliciones políticas en América Latina (1925-2019).
- Author
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Pérez-Liñán, Aníbal, Schmidt, Nicolás, and Vairo, Daniela
- Subjects
- *
COALITIONS , *DATABASES , *POLITICAL parties , *POLITICAL stability , *PRESIDENTS , *LITERATURE - Abstract
In this research note we introduce an original database covering almost a century of legislative political parties (1925-2019) and reconstruct in the long term the evolution of the president's parliamentary support and coalition formation in Latin America. We identify some long-term perspectives that show that presidentialisms in the region have undergone transformations towards a greater fragmentation of the party system, with smaller presidential parties in Congress and the presence of legislative coalitions as a support base. The evidence highlights the importance of coalitional presidentialism in the third democratic wave and has implications for the literature on the factors that explain political stability in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
3. Mujeres en la élite del poder. La presencia de las mujeres en los gabinetes ministeriales latinoamericanos (1978-2021).
- Author
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Barragán, Mélany and Rodríguez, Cecilia Graciela
- Abstract
Copyright of Ibero-Americana - Nordic Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies is the property of Ubiquity Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. "Hay gobierno, soy contra". El ciclo de las oposiciones en América Latina.
- Author
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Amoroso Botelho, João Carlos and López Varas, Miguel Ángel
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,SOCIAL networks ,COVID-19 pandemic ,POLARIZATION (Social sciences) ,LEGAL evidence - Abstract
Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
5. ¿Qué sabemos del indulto? revisión de la literatura sobre el perdón presidencial en América Latina.
- Author
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PALACIOS AMORÍN, HUGO STEVEN
- Subjects
FORGIVENESS ,POLITICAL science ,LATIN literature ,PARDON ,EXECUTIVE power - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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6. «EL PRESIDENCIALISMO EN SU LABERINTO»: LA PREFERENCIA INSTITUCIONAL MAYORITARIA EN LA ÉLITE PARLAMENTARIA LATINOAMERICANA.
- Author
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SÁENZ LEANDRO, RONALD
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Estudios Políticos is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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7. El hiperpresidencialismo: una aproximación desde la perspectiva de la teoría política.
- Author
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Cerbone, Pasquale
- Subjects
LATIN American literature ,POLITICAL systems ,POPULISM ,CRITICAL analysis ,PERENNIALS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociológicas (RIPS) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. PRESIDENCIALISMO E QUALIDADE DA DEMOCRACIA NA AMÉRICA LATINA.
- Author
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de Barros, Ana Tereza Duarte Lima
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY - Published
- 2019
9. LA VICEPRESIDENCIA EN AMÉRICA LATINA: UN MAL INNECESARIO.
- Author
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SRIBMAN MITTELMAN, Ariel
- Subjects
LATIN American history ,POLITICAL stability ,LATIN Americans ,PRESIDENTS of the United States - Abstract
Copyright of América Latina Hoy is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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10. Análise comparada de políticas externas latino-americanas: atores e estruturas para teorias de médio alcance
- Author
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Sposito, Italo Beltrão
- Subjects
Política exterior ,teoria do médio alcance ,Latin America ,comparative analysis ,presidencialismo ,middle-range theory ,América Latina ,teoría de rango medio ,análise comparada ,análisis comparado ,Foreign policy ,Política externa ,presidentialism - Abstract
Resumen: Recientes publicaciones sobre política exterior comparada latinoamericana presentaron importantes contribuciones. Sin embargo, los estudios cualitativos comparados, los cuales mejor se encajan a las premisas básicas del análisis de política exterior, todavía son raros. Defiendo que el avance hacia la consolidación de consensos depende de contribuciones con rigidez metodológica y base teórica sólida. Para avanzar con este argumento, me dedico a una tarea todavía poco explorada en la literatura: una revisión de las principales contribuciones teóricas y empíricas de la literatura en política exterior latinoamericana. Basado en ella, sistematizo las principales variables independientes, presentando molduras teóricas y datos que sirven a estudiantes e investigadores interesados en contribuir al avance de teorías de rango medio sobre política exterior latinoamericana. Resumo: Publicações recentes sobre política externa comparada latino-americana apresentaram importantes contribuições. No entanto, estudos qualitativos comparativos, que melhor se enquadrem nas premissas básicas da análise de política externa, ainda são raros. Defendo que o avanço na consolidação de consensos depende de contribuições com rigidez metodológica e base teórica sólida. Para avançar nessa argumentação, dedico-me a uma tarefa ainda pouco explorada na literatura: uma revisão das principais contribuições teóricas e empíricas da literatura sobre política externa latino-americana. Com base nela, sistematizo as principais variáveis independentes, apresentando referenciais teóricos e dados úteis a estudantes e pesquisadores interessados em contribuir para o avanço no desenvolvimento de teorias de médio alcance sobre política externa latino-americana. Abstract: Recent publications on comparative Latin American foreign policy have made important contributions. However, comparative qualitative studies, which best fit the basic premises of foreign policy analysis, are still rare. I defend the idea that progress toward building consensus depends on contributions with methodological rigor and a solid theoretical base. To advance this argument, I dedicate myself to a task that is still little explored in the literature: a review of the main theoretical and empirical contributions of scholarship on Latin American foreign policy. Based on this analysis, I systematize the main independent variables and present theoretical frameworks and data for students and researchers interested in contributing to the advancement of middle-range theories on Latin American foreign policy.
- Published
- 2023
11. Siete cuestiones en torno de la teoría de las caídas presidenciales.
- Author
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Daniel Serrafero, Mario
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *PRESIDENTIAL elections - Abstract
In the past democratic presidents were removed by military coups. Since the return of democracy in Latin America there were numerous presidential interruptions, but these took place via constitutional mechanisms. Governments fell, but the democratic regime remained. Over the last three decades, the experiences of presidential dropouts have led to the development of a theory about presidential interruptions, which attempts to explain the phenomenon of new presidential instability in Latin America. This paper touches on seven distinct issues, in order to add insights to the theoretical debate on presidential interruptions. These issues are: 1) presidential interruption's connection with the theory of constitutional succession; 2) the alleged breach of the fixed term and independence of powers; 3) the reconsideration of the alleged new flexibility of the presidential system; 4) timing and rules of the presidential fall and the timing and rules of the president's replacement; 5) the situation of "ruling gaps", both in relation to the presidential interruption, and the president's replacement; 6) the so-called "thin line" between the parliamentary coup and impeachment; 7) expectations and cycles of presidential strength and weakness that show a certain structural vulnerability of the system. These issues add to the debate by introducing new approaches to studying the phenomenon of presidential interruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
12. La Vicepresidencia y las coaliciones políticas: el caso de Argentina.
- Author
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Serrafero, Mario Daniel
- Subjects
VICE-Presidents ,LATIN American politics & government ,COALITIONS ,ARGENTINE politics & government ,PRESIDENTS ,HISTORY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Presidencialismo em crise ou parlamentarismo por outros meios? Impeachments presidenciais no Brasil e na América Latina.
- Author
-
Kasahara, Yuri and Marsteintredet, Leiv
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Ciências Sociais - Brazil is the property of Revista de Ciencias Socias do Universidade Federal do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
14. Legislative Coalition Size and Antigovernment Protests in Latin America.
- Author
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López García, Ana Isabel
- Subjects
LEGISLATIVE bodies ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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15. Hacia una teoría ideacional de la difusión institucional. La adopción y adaptación del presidencialismo en América Latina durante el siglo XIX.
- Author
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GARCÉ, ADOLFO
- Subjects
- *
PRESIDENTIAL system , *POLITICAL systems , *PRESIDENTS , *COMPARATIVE government , *POLITICAL science , *POLITICAL philosophy , *NINETEENTH century ,LATIN American politics & government - Abstract
Diffusion theories have paid little attention to the dissemination of political institutions, so far. Moreover, they have offered better explanations of processes of adoption than adaptation ones. The creation of political institutions in Latin America after the wars of independence provides an excellent opportunity for theory-building while correcting these biases. The USA presidential model was adopted by Latin American countries during the xix century, but with certain adaptations, in the sense that the "copies" had fundamental differences from the original paradigm. Latin American presidentialism grants the president a significantly greater role in the dynamics of government than the American one. Ideational factors explain not only the initial choice for presidentialism; but they also contribute to explaining the meaning and intensity of the deep mutation experienced by the Philadelphia model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Presidencialismo y Revocatoria de mandato presidencial en América Latina.
- Author
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Daniel Serrafero, Mario and Laura Eberhardt, María
- Abstract
Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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17. The Different Faces of Presidentialism: Conceptual Debate and Empirical Findings in Eighteen Latin American Countries.
- Author
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Basabe-Serrano, Santiago
- Subjects
- *
PRESIDENTIAL system , *PRESIDENTS , *CONSTITUTIONALISM , *POLITICAL systems , *EXECUTIVE power ,LATIN American politics & government - Abstract
This article offers a new typology for examining presidentialism, in which the interaction between the political dimension (institutional and partisan presidential powers) and contextual dimension (the state of the economy and presidential approval) determine both the intensity of presidentialism and the type of political and social relationships derived from it. Looking at empirical evidence from eighteen Latin American countries, the article identifies four ideal types of presidentialism: imperial, conditioned, minimal, and transitional. Venezuela and Ecuador are empirical cases of imperial presidentialism while Honduras and Paraguay are on the threshold between conditioned presidentialism, and minimal presidentialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Introduction. New Directions in Legislative Politics Introducción. Nuevas direcciones en los estudios legislativos
- Author
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Magna Inácio and Mariana Llanos
- Subjects
Political Science ,Latin America ,executive–legislative relations ,presidentialism ,representation ,300 ,320 ,324 ,328 ,1950-2012 ,321 ,América Latina ,relaciones ejecutivo-legislativo ,presidencialismo ,representación ,Political science - Abstract
This special issue, “New Directions in Legislative Politics,” comes at a crossroads in a research field that, on one hand, has already contributed substantial empirical knowledge and been engaged with theory-building, and on the other hand, still remains in its early stages.Introducción. Nuevas direcciones en los estudios legislativos
- Published
- 2013
19. PRESIDENCIALISMO Y COALICIONES DE GOBIERNO EN AMÉRICA LATINA: UN ANÁLISIS DEL PAPEL DE LAS INSTITUCIONES.
- Author
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ALBALA, ADRIÁN
- Subjects
- *
PRESIDENTIAL system , *PRESIDENTS , *COALITION governments , *POLITICAL systems , *COMPARATIVE government ,LATIN American politics & government - Abstract
Mainstream literature in political science confers to institutions a key role in the formation, performance and fall of governments. In the meantime, studies on coalition theories did not, in their majority, escape from this neo-institutionalist approach. Based on the late Mexican constitutional reform which made the formation of coalition governments in the country possible, we shall compile and test most of the arguments on the institutional impacts on coalitions, and test them through the Latin American experiments, using a configurational comparative approach (QCA). As a result, we expect to add nuance to most of the neo-institutionalist arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
20. Reforma institucional en tiempos hiperpresidenciales en América Latina.
- Author
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Sánchez, Francisco and García Montero, Mercedes
- Abstract
Copyright of Sistema is the property of Asociacion de Revistas Culturales de Espana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
21. Economia, Ideologia e Eleições na América Latina.
- Author
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Corrêa, Diego Sanches
- Abstract
Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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22. LOS INVENCIBLES: LA REELECCIÓN PRESIDENCIAL Y LOS CAMBIOS CONSTITUCIONALES EN AMÉRICA LATINA.
- Author
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PENFOLD, MICHAEL, CORRALES, JAVIER, and HERNÁNDEZ, GONZALO
- Subjects
- *
PRESIDENTIAL elections , *PRESIDENTS , *CONSTITUTIONS , *POLITICAL change , *DEMOCRACY , *PRESIDENTIAL system , *INCUMBENCY (Public officers) - Abstract
There is a significant trend in Latin America of extending term limits for the presidency in order to allow reelection. There is also evidence that incumbency advantage matters of those presidents seeking reelection in different countries tipically win their electoral bids. Based on a dataset of 137 elections in 18 countries in Latina America, this paper describes the evolution of different reelection schemes since the transition to democracy, reports the success rates for presidential incumbents and estimates the impact of incumbency on electoral margins controlling for institutional and economic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
23. La izquierda que no es.
- Author
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Gargarella, Roberto
- Subjects
- *
RIGHT & left (Political science) , *NEW left (Politics) ,LATIN American politics & government - Abstract
In this article I critically examine the concept of the "left" that is employed in the book The Resurgence of the Latin American Left, by Steven Levitsky y Kenneth Roberts. The critique can be seen as part of a long academic conversation concerning the meaning and implications of the re-emergence of a "new left" in Latin America. I object to their definition not only as a consequence of the political and economic content that they associate with the idea of the "left", but also as a result of the programatic objectives that they relate to leftist governments. By the end of the text, I offer an alternative definition of the term, which is based on the ideals of economic and political democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
24. FLEXIBILIZACIÓN DEL PRESIDENCIALISMO EN AMÉRICA LATINA: ¿UN FENÓMENO NUEVO?
- Author
-
SERRAFERO, MARIO D.
- Abstract
This paper has two objectives. First, to advance in the analysis of presidential resignations and their different types, in the frame of the Theory of Presidential Falls. Secondly, the presidential resignations have been considered a mechanism of own flexibilization of the third wave of democratization, taking for granted the affirmation of Linz, on the difficulty and improbability of a president resigning while facing a situation of institutional crisis. This paper argues, however, that it was an institutional resource used, at least, by some historical presidentialisms to overcome, in some occasions, severe political crisis that have similarities to those occurred during the third wave of democratization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
25. Resiliência eleitoral dos presidentes latino-americanos após a crise de 2008 e o refluxo da onda rosa
- Author
-
Diego Sanches Corrêa
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,eleições presidenciais ,sobrevivência eleitoral ,QCA ,Sociology and Political Science ,electoral survival ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,PRESIDENCIALISMO ,HM401-1281 ,0506 political science ,Political science (General) ,Latin America ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,América Latina ,esquerda radical ,050602 political science & public administration ,Sociology (General) ,Pharmacology (medical) ,presidential elections ,JA1-92 ,radical left - Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: Pretende-se explicar a capacidade de sobrevivência eleitoral dos presidentes latino-americanos em condições de instabilidade econômica e política. Materiais e Métodos: Foram testadas três hipóteses. Presidentes possuem maior capacidade de sobreviver eleitoralmente quando: 1) controlam o Legislativo; 2) controlam a sociedade civil e 3) são alinhados à esquerda radical. As variáveis utilizadas pelo trabalho são binárias e o método utilizado foi a Análise Comparada Qualitativa. Resultados: Por um lado, nenhuma das variáveis independentes é, isoladamente, condição necessária ou suficiente para a sobrevivência eleitoral dos presidentes latino-americanos. Por outro lado, elas demonstram que o controle do Legislativo e da sociedade civil garante a sobrevivência de presidentes alinhados a qualquer ideologia e que presidentes radicais de esquerda sobrevivem politicamente mesmo na ausência destes controles. Discussão: Os resultados ajudam a explicar um fato intrigante da conjuntura política latino-americana pós-crise global de 2008: a forte resiliência de alguns presidentes em situações altamente adversas. Enquanto alternâncias de poder ocorreram em diversos países governados pelo mesmo partido há mais de uma década, em outros mecanismos de accountability eleitoral parecem ter falhado para promover rotatividade de governo. ABSTRACT Introduction: The goal of this article is to explain Latin American presidents’ capacity to survive electorally in conditions of political and economic instability. Materials and Methods: I tested three hypotheses. Presidents have higher capacity of surviving when: 1- they control the Legislative Power; 2- they control the civil society, and 3- they are aligned to the radical left. All the variables used in this article are binary and the methodology applied was the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Results: On the one hand, my analysis shows that none of the independent variables are, by itself, either a sufficient or a necessary condition for the electoral survival of Latin American presidents. On the other hand, they show that controlling the Legislative Power and the civil society promotes the survival of presidents identified with any ideology, and that radical leftist presidents survive even when those controls are absent. Discussion: These results help to explain a ringing fact of the Latin American political conjuncture in the post-global crisis of 2008: the strong resilience of some presidents in highly adverse conditions. Whereas alternation in power occurred in several countries ruled by the same party for more than a decade, in others, mechanisms of electoral accountability seem to have failed to promote changes in government
- Published
- 2020
26. Las consecuencias sobre el régimen de las interrupciones presidenciales en América latina
- Author
-
Leiv MARSTEINTREDET
- Subjects
interrupciones presidenciales ,América Latina ,presidencialismo ,conflictos ,rendición de cuentas ,presidential interruptions ,Latin America ,presidentialism ,conflicts ,accountability ,Political science (General) ,JA1-92 - Abstract
RESUMEN: Este artículo trata el fenómeno de las interrupciones presidenciales durante la Tercera Ola de la democratización en América Latina. En este periodo ha habido 18 casos de esos tipos de interrupciones en la región. El artículo plantea que las interrupciones presidenciales demuestran que los regímenes presidenciales, contrariamente a los argumentos de Linz, son capaces de manejar conflictos políticos intensos mediante el uso de procedimientos flexibles y en algunos casos cuasiparlamentarios y que las interrupciones presidenciales constituyen formas nuevas de mantener al presidente responsable por sus acciones.ABSTRACT: This article deals with the phenomenon of presidential interruptions in democracies during the Third Wave in Latin America. During the Third Wave there have been eighteen cases of presidential interruptions in Latin America. The article argues that the presidential interruptions demonstrate that presidential regimes, contrary to Linz’s arguments, are capable of handling intense political conflicts through the use of flexible and in some cases quasi-parliamentary procedures, and that the presidential interruptions constitute new forms of holding presidents to account for their actions.
- Published
- 2008
27. Tall, Grande, or Venti: Presidential Powers in the United States and Latin America.
- Author
-
Morgenstern, Scott, Polga-Hecimovich, John, and Shair-Rosenfield, Sarah
- Subjects
EXECUTIVE power ,DECISION making ,PRESIDENTS of the United States ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Introduction New Directions in Legislative Politics.
- Author
-
Inácio, Magna and Llanos, Mariana
- Subjects
LATIN American politics & government ,LEGAL education ,LEGISLATIVE bodies - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue including the legislative politics, English book that influenced the legislative studies development, and the executive-legislative relations in Latin America.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Las reformas a la reelección presidencial en América Latina.
- Author
-
Treminio Sánchez, Ilka
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,PRESIDENTIAL terms of office ,TERM limits (Public office) ,PRESIDENTIAL elections ,CONSTITUTIONAL amendments ,LATIN American politics & government, 1980- ,ELECTION law - Abstract
Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
30. Presidential Powers and political alliances in Latin América: The Colombian Case.
- Author
-
Ramírez, Esther Parra
- Subjects
PRESIDENTIAL system ,POLITICAL parties ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL systems ,POLITICAL doctrines - Abstract
Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
31. Parlamentarismo frente a presidencialismo. Actualización de un debate crucial para América Latina.
- Author
-
Ruiz, José Fernando Flórez
- Subjects
LATIN American politics & government, 1980- ,SOCIAL stability ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL doctrines ,POLITICAL science ,POLITICAL debates - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
32. Failed Presidencies: Identifying and Explaining a South American Anomaly.
- Author
-
Hochstetler, Kathryn and Edwards, Margaret E.
- Subjects
PRESIDENTIAL administrations ,POLITICAL stability ,DEMOCRACY ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,MISCONDUCT in public office - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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33. La renovación de las elites presidenciales en América Latina, 1900-2007.
- Author
-
Pérez-Liñán, Aníbal
- Abstract
The article presents an evaluation of the transformation of the ruling elites in Latin America using the database of the 566 presidents in Latin American countries from 1990 to 2007. It introduces the four classifications of elite dynamics and considers the age of the president and of the ruling party in verifying the typology. The use of fuzzy logic reveals the absence of stagnation in the ruling class and discloses the medium run in the renovation of regional leadership.
- Published
- 2009
34. As Conseqüências Políticas e Econômicas das Crises entre Executivo e Legislativo.
- Author
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Pérez-Liñán, Anibal S.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL stability , *PRESIDENTS , *EXECUTIVE power , *LEGISLATIVE power - Abstract
Much of the recent analysis of presidentialism has been based on the assumption that executive-legislative confrontation creates simultaneous conditions for policy stability and regime breakdown. In the first section of the paper, I show that there is an inherent logical tension between these two predictions and that they rely on contradictory assumptions. In the second section, I develop a model of executive-legislative deadlock and argue that regime instability is more likely when partisan players are unilaterally impatient, when institutional design is biased in favor of one party, and when the number of parties is greater. In the third section, I test the predictions of the model using time-series cross-section data for 19 presidential countries in the Western Hemisphere between 1950 and 2000. Finally, I discuss how this approach illuminates some empirical puzzles like the historical survival of American presidentialism and the lower levels of regime instability created by executive-legislative deadlock in Latin America in the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
35. Diseño constitucional y separación de poderes en América Latina.
- Author
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Negretto, Gabriel L.
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Sociología is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Executive scandals during the workers' party governments in Brazil: causes and mechanisms
- Author
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Thijm, Joris David Alberdingk and Carreras, Luis Fretes
- Subjects
Media ,Presidencialismo ,Latin america ,Brasil - 2003-2016 ,Corruption scandals ,Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Process tracing ,Presidentialism ,Sociologia política ,América Latina ,Meios de comunicação ,Corrupção ,Poder de execução ,Presidential approval ,Intra-elite conflict ,Judicial politicization - Abstract
Corruption scandals involving the president or other members of the executive branch have long been used as a control or independent variable in studies on Latin American presidentialism. This research seeks to contribute to the literature by treating executive scandals as the dependent variable, using the Workers’ Party governments in Brazil (2003-2016) as a case study. First, a number of independent interval variables that potentially affect the dependent variable are tested using regression analysis, and then, independent categorical variables are identified and causal mechanisms connecting the independent interval and categorical variables to executive scandal emergence are uncovered, making use of "Y-centered theory-building process tracing" and data from interviews with media professionals and an ex-Supreme Court judge. Four different potential causal mechanisms connecting a total of up to five different independent variables to executive scandal emergence are identified, providing a point of departure for future research on the topic. This study contributes to the Latin American presidentialism literature by providing insight into the causes of executive corruption scandals, a previously overlooked topic. Escândalos de corrupção que envolvem o presidente ou outros membros do Poder Executivo têm, durante muito tempo, sido usados como variável independente ou de controle em estudos sobre presidencialismo latino-americano. Esta investigação busca contribuir para esta literatura através do uso como variável dependente de escândalos que envolvem o poder executivo, usando como estudo de caso os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) no Brasil (2003-2016). Primeiro, algumas variáveis independentes intervalares que podem afetar a variável dependente acima indicada são testadas usando regressão, e depois, variáveis independentes categóricas são identificadas e mecanismos causais que conectam as variáveis independentes intervalares e categóricas com a emergência de escândalos envolvendo o poder executivo são desveladas, usando "Y-centered theory-building process tracing" e entrevistas com profissionais de média e um ex-ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Foram identificados quatro potenciais mecanismos causais que conectam um total de até cinco variáveis independentes com a emergência de escândalos envolvendo o poder executivo, assim fornecendo um ponto de partida para investigação futura do tema. Esta investigação contribui para a literatura sobre presidencialismo latino-americano ao fornecer novo conhecimento sobre as causas de escândalos de corrupção envolvendo o poder executivo, um assunto anteriormente desconsiderado.
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- 2019
37. El liderazgo político sudamericano en perspectiva comparada.
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DIAMINT, RUT and TEDESCO, LAURA
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POLITICAL leadership ,DEMOCRACY ,PLEBISCITE ,SOUTH American politics & government, 1980- ,LATIN American politics & government, 1980- - Abstract
Copyright of Nueva Sociedad is the property of Nueva Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
38. Presidentas latinoamericanas e igualdad de género: un camino sinuoso.
- Author
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de los Ángeles, María, Ramil, Fernández, and Oliva Espinosa, Daniela
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WOMEN presidents ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of Nueva Sociedad is the property of Nueva Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
39. La Vicepresidencia y las coaliciones políticas: el caso de Argentina
- Author
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Mario Daniel Serrafero
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,presidencialismo ,presidency ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,political coalitions ,presidencia ,coaliciones políticas ,0506 political science ,Latin America ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,América Latina ,050602 political science & public administration ,Vicepresidencia ,Pharmacology (medical) ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,Vice presidency ,presidentialism - Abstract
Resumen Introdución El artículo se propone estudiar la Vicepresidencia y su papel en la conformación de las coaliciones políticas. La Vicepresidencia es una institución poco estudiada en América Latina. En los diferentes países presentan funciones que pueden ser distintas, pero hay una en común: el reemplazo del Presidente en caso de ausencia temporal o definitiva. El trabajo analiza el caso argentino y toma el gobierno de la Alianza (1999-2001) y el de Cristina Kirchner y su Concertación Plural (2007-2011). En ambos casos el Vicepresidente fue de un partido distinto al del Presidente y que conformaba la coalición o el acuerdo político. Métodos El estudio considera factores normativos y políticos. El normativo se refiere a las facultades constitucionales de la Vicepresidencia. Los políticos son: el modo de designación del Vice; el tipo de relación que se establece entre el Presidente y el Vicepresidente; el papel que le asigna el Presidente a su Vice; el modo en que el Vicepresidente desempeña su papel; y el peso de las fuerzas políticas que los mismos representan. Resultados Los resultados del estudio muestran la importancia de la relación entre el Presidente y el Vicepresidente para el mantenimiento de las coaliciones poco institucionalizadas y donde las facultades de los Vicepresidentes son ambiguas o reducidas. Discusión El resultado del artículo agrega perspectivas a la incipiente discusión sobre las funciones y la utilidad de la Vicepresidencia especialmente cuando esta institución sella acuerdos o coaliciones de gobierno. El estudio aporta una clasificación sobre los tipos de Presidente y de Vicepresidente, cuya combinación puede significar situaciones de cooperación o de conflicto que pueden influir en el éxito o el fracaso de la coalición de gobierno. Abstract Introduction This study covers the role of Vice presidencies and their role in the consolidation of political coalitions. Vice Presidency in Latin America is not a thoroughly - researched institution. Its functions and faculties vary across the regions countries, but there is one that is common to all of them: replacing the president should he or she become temporarily or definitively absent. This paper analyzes this developments in Argentina and it covers the case of Alianza government (1999-2001) and that of Cristina Kirchner and her Concertación Plural (2007-2011). In both cases the president was chosen from a different party than that of the President, one that form part of a coalition or political agreement. Methods This study considers some factors that are normative, while others that are political. With respect to normative factors we must especially consider the faculties, attributes and competences that the Constitution assigns to the Vice President. Among the political factors its worth highlighting the method of Vice-presidential appointment, the relationship thats establish between the President and the Vice President, the role assigned to the Vice President by the President, the performance and method under that role and the weight of political influences, they both represent. Results The results of this study show the importance of the relationship between the President and the Vice President for the maintenance of the coalitions that are not very institutionalized, and where the Vice Presidents faculties are either ambiguous or reduced. Discussion The results of the paper bring a different perspective of the discussion regarding the functions and utility of Vice Presidents, especially when their role is to seal agreements or coalitions. This paper presents a classification of the types of Presidents and Vice Presidents and the various combinations that could result in either cooperation or conflict, and could influence the success or failure of a coalition.
- Published
- 2018
40. Presidencialismo y Revocatoria de mandato presidencial en América Latina
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Serrafero, Mario Daniel and Eberhardt, Maria Laura
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Latin America ,presidencialismo ,América Latina ,representation ,+Ciencia+Política%22">Ciencias Sociales > Ciencia Política ,recall ,revocatoria de mandato ,representación ,interrupciones presidenciales ,presidential interruptions ,presidentialism - Abstract
Recall is a citizen participation and control mechanism principally framed in the third wave of democratization and in the 90s Latin America`s political and constitutional reforms. It appeared between the innovations introduced by the rulers in response to the crisis of representation. Its appearance opens deep questions about: the metamorphosis of modern representation (a certain approach to the "imperative mandate"), the changes in the presidential system (relaxation, quasi-parliamentarization), new forms of presidential falls and crisis resolution, and the democratization of government (another instance of voting enabled for the removal of elected officials). In this regard, work has two objectives: conceptually analyze the recall, specifically, the presidential recall (existing only in Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador); and link this mechanism with the debate on Latin American presidentialism (as it is considered to produce potential changes in the presidential system), with the theory of types of constitutional succession and with the theory of presidential interruptions (since the recall is another removal device available in cases of institutional crisis). It is therefore a theoretical study that aims to conceptualize a certain type of recall and link it with other theoretical developments of which has been absent. These and other theoretical and institutional engineering implications motivate this article. It aims to elucidate the potential, direct and indirect effects of the introduction of this mechanism for Latin American presidential democracies. La revocatoria de mandato es un mecanismo de participación y control ciudadano enmarcado principalmente en la tercera ola de la democratización y las reformas políticas y constitucionales de los ´90 en Latinoamérica. Forma parte de las innovaciones incorporadas por los gobernantes como respuesta a la crisis de representación. Su adopción abre interrogantes más profundos sobre: la metamorfosis de la representación moderna (un cierto acercamiento al “mandato imperativo”), las transformaciones del régimen presidencial (flexibilización, cuasi-parlamentarización), las nuevas formas de caídas presidenciales y de resolución de crisis, y la democratización del gobierno (al habilitarse otra instancia de votación orientada a la destitución de funcionarios electos). En tal sentido, el trabajo tiene dos objetivos: analizar conceptualmente la revocatoria de mandato y, específicamente, la revocatoria presidencial (existente sólo en Venezuela, Bolivia y Ecuador); y vincular a este mecanismo con el debate sobre el presidencialismo latinoamericano (pues se considera que produce modificaciones potenciales en el sistema presidencial), con la teoría de los tipos de sucesión constitucional y con la teoría de las interrupciones presidenciales (ya que la revocatoria constituye otro de los dispositivos de destitución disponibles en casos de crisis institucionales). Se trata, por tanto, de un estudio teórico que pretende conceptualizar un tipo determinado de revocatoria de mandato y enlazarlo con otros desarrollos teóricos de los cuales ha estado ausente. Ésas y otras implicancias, teóricas y de ingeniería institucional, motivan este artículo, para dilucidar las potencialidades y los efectos directos e indirectos que la incorporación de este mecanismo plantea para las democracias presidenciales latinoamericanas.
- Published
- 2017
41. RUPTURA Y CONTINUIDAD: LA CAÍDA DE «MEL» ZELAYA EN PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA
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Leiv Marsteintredet and Mariana Llanos
- Subjects
History ,Latin Americans ,Sociology and Political Science ,Staatsstreich ,Presidencialismo ,State (polity) ,conflictos interinstitucionales ,relaciones cívico ,Democratization ,Präsidentielles System ,Zelaya Rosales ,José Manuel ,Militärputsch ,Verhältnis Militär - Regierung ,Institutioneller Konflikt ,Vergleichende Analyse ,Staatsoberhaupt ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,Political science ,Conflictos interinstitucionales ,military ,media_common ,Militär ,Demokratisierung ,Partei ,Golpe de Estado ,Democracy ,Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme ,Political System, Constitution, Government ,party ,coup d'etat ,Presidency ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Politikwissenschaft ,Systems of governments & states ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,ruptura presidencial ,golpe de Estado ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,politisches System ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,Gesellschaft ,Relaciones cívico-militares ,militares ,Presidential system ,head of state ,political system ,Civil–military relations ,democratization ,Lateinamerika ,Latin America ,society ,Honduras ,Political system ,Political economy ,ddc:320 ,ddc:321 ,Staat, staatliche Organisationsformen ,Ruptura presidencial - Abstract
Este artículo analiza y compara la deposición del presidente de Honduras, Manuel Zelaya, con otras crisis presidenciales acontecidas en América Latina durante la tercera ola de democratización. El trabajo indaga sobre los procedimientos, causas y consecuencias en torno de esta caída presidencial con instrumentos de análisis previstos por la teoría de las rupturas presidenciales. La caída de Zelaya fue producto de una escalada de conflictos interinstitucionales, protagonizados por las elites civiles del país. En perspectiva comparada, el caso se distingue por la intervención de los militares como poder moderador a invitación de las instituciones civiles, la falta de movilización popular antes del golpe y la irrupción de una crisis internacional y conflictos callejeros después de que la caída presidencial tuviera lugar. El caso de Honduras contribuye a la teoría de las rupturas presidenciales al poner el acento en el papel de los militares y el estadio de desarrollo en que se encuentra el régimen político democrático al estallar la crisis.
- Published
- 2010
42. Economía, Ideología y Elecciones en América Latina
- Author
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Corrêa, Diego Sanches
- Subjects
idéologie ,responsabilidade ,presidencialismo ,responsabilité ,ideology ,Amérique Latine ,responsabilidad ,voto econômico ,ideologia ,Latin America ,présidentialisme ,economic vote ,accountability ,América Latina ,ideología ,voto económico ,presidentialism ,vote économique - Abstract
Este artigo analisa o impacto da economia nas eleições presidenciais latino-americanas ocorridas entre 1990 e 2010. Os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram que a ideologia do presidente e o contexto político condicionam este impacto e que, portanto, a natureza da relação de accountabilityentre eleitores e presidentes varia entre países e administrações presidenciais. Em primeiro lugar, a economia só afetou o desempenho eleitoral de candidatos governistas de centro, sugerindo que os eleitores dão mais peso a áreas não econômicas quando avaliam a administração de presidentes de direita e de esquerda. Em segundo, a economia só afetou o desempenho eleitoral de candidatos governistas em contextos de maioria e partido único, o que indica que os eleitores latino-americanos não atribuem responsabilidade aos presidentes pela performance econômica quando estes dependem de aliados ou da cooperação da oposição para governar. This article analyzes the impact of the economy on Latin American presidential elections between 1990 and 2010. The results presented here demonstrate that the incumbent's ideology and the political context affect this impact and that, therefore, the nature of the accountability relationship between voters and presidents varies across countries and presidential administrations. Firstly, the economy only affected the electoral performance of centrist incumbents, suggesting that voters give more importance to non-economic issues when evaluating the administration of right and left-wing presidents. Secondly, the economy only affected the electoral performance of incumbent candidates in single-party majority, which indicates that Latin American voters do not hold presidents accountable for economic performance when they depend on allies or the cooperation of the opposition to govern. Este artículo analiza el impacto de la economía en las elecciones presidenciales latinoamericanas ocurridas entre 1990 y 2010. Los resultados presentados de-muestran que la ideología del presidente en funciones y el contexto político condicionan este impacto y que, por lo tanto, la naturaleza de la relación deaccountabilityentre electores y presidente cambia entre países y administracio-nes presidenciales. En primer lugar, la economía sólo afectó el desempeno electoral de presidentes de centro, lo que sugiere que los electores dan más peso a áreas no económicas cuando valoran las administraciones de presidentes de derecha y de izquierda. En segundo, la economía sólo afectó el desempeno electoral de aquellos presidentes en contextos de mayoría y de partido único, lo que indica que los electores latinoamericanos no atribuyen responsabilidad a los presidentes por la performance económica cuando éstos dependen de aliados o de la cooperación de la oposición para gobernar. RÉSUMÉCet article analyse l'impact de l'économie sur les élections présidentielles latino-américaines de 1990 à 2010. Les résultats ici présentés démontrent que l'idéologie du président et le contexte politique conditionnent cet impact et que la nature de la relation d'accountability entre électeurs et présidents varie donc selon les pays et les administrations présidentielles. En premier lieu, l'économie n'a affecté les performances électorales que de sortants centristes, suggérant ainsi que les électeurs accordent plus d'importance aux questions non économiques lorsqu'ils évaluent le mandat de présidents de droite ou de gauche. En second lieu, l'économie n'a eu d'influence électorale que dans le cas de sortants insérés dans des contextes de majorité absolue et de parti dominant, ce qui indique que les électeurs latino-américains n'attribuent pas aux présidents la responsabilité des performances économiques lorsque ceux-ci dépendent d'alliances ou de la coopération de l'opposition pour gouverner.
- Published
- 2015
43. As conseqüências políticas e econômicas das crises entre Executivo e Legislativo
- Author
-
Aníbal Pérez-Liñán
- Subjects
Western hemisphere ,Latin Americans ,Sociology and Political Science ,Presidential system ,presidencialismo ,Keynesian economics ,regime ,Deadlock (game theory) ,stability ,Latin America ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,Economy ,Section (archaeology) ,América Latina ,Political science ,Institutional design ,estabilidade ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,presidentialism - Abstract
Boa parte das análises recentes do presidencialismo baseiam-se no pressuposto de que o confronto entre executivo e legislativo cria condições simultâneas para a estabilidade das políticas e para o rompimento do regime. Neste trabalho, mostro que há uma tensão lógica inerente entre essas duas predições e que elas se baseiam em pressupostos contraditórios. Em seguida, desenvolvo um modelo de impasse executivo-legislativo e sustento que a instabilidade do regime é mais provável quando atores partidários são unilateralmente impacientes, quando o desenho institucional é inclinado a favor de um partido e quando o número de partidos é maior. Na terceira seção, testo as predições do modelo usando dados de cortes transversais em séries no tempo para dezenove países do hemisfério ocidental entre 1950 e 2000. Por fim, discuto como essa abordagem ilumina alguns enigmas empíricos, como a sobrevivência histórica do presidencialismo americano e os baixos níveis de instabilidade do regime criados por impasses executivo-legislativo na América Latina na década de 1990.Much of the recent analysis of presidentialism has been based on the assumption that executive-legislative confrontation creates simultaneous conditions for policy stability and regime breakdown. In the first section of the paper, I show that there is an inherent logical tension between these two predictions and that they rely on contradictory assumptions. In the second section, I develop a model of executive-legislative deadlock and argue that regime instability is more likely when partisan players are unilaterally impatient, when institutional design is biased in favor of one party, and when the number of parties is greater. In the third section, I test the predictions of the model using time-series cross-section data for 19 presidential countries in the Western Hemisphere between 1950 and 2000. Finally, I discuss how this approach illuminates some empirical puzzles like the historical survival of American presidentialism and the lower levels of regime instability created by executive-legislative deadlock in Latin America in the 1990s.
- Published
- 2004
44. Representação programática em 16 democracias presidencialistas : América Latina, 2000-2010
- Author
-
Oliveira, Augusto Neftali Corte de and Grohmann, Luis Gustavo Mello
- Subjects
Democracia ,Representação ,Public policy ,Représentation ,Presidencialismo ,Latin america ,Amérique latine ,Democracy ,Presidentialism ,Política pública ,Representation ,Démocratie ,Politique publique ,América Latina ,Présidentialisme - Abstract
Cette recherche se rapporte à une représentation programmatique au sein des démocraties présidentialistes de l’Amérique Latine pendant la première décennie du siècle XXI. Représentation programmatique est un phénomène lié au processus électoral qui comprend les promesses faites au cours des campagnes et leur accomplissement par les présidents élus. Une étude théorique initiale argumente que la représentation comme promettre et s’acquitter des promesses est une forme de créer de la liberté politique dans les démocraties libérales. Dans ce sens, une démocratie capable de réaliser une représentation programmatique doit obtenir un plus grand consentement des citoyens. Pour aborder les promesses électorales il a été formé la Banque d’Assertions Programmatiques avec les données de 138 programmes de gouvernement, tout en utilisant une stratégie d’analyse de contenu développée par la recherche. Du point de vue électoral, la représentation programmatique est favorisée par (a) l’existence d’alternatives idéologiquement différentes parmi les candidatures partidaires/électorales, (b) par une organisation historiquement consistante de ces candidatures et, en même temps, (c) par la sensibilité des candidatures aux opinions et intérêts des électeurs. Après les élections, la représentation programmatique est favorisée si l’action gouvernementale possède une relation avec les promesses faites tout au long des campagnes (congruence idéologique). Ces conditions sont testées pour 48 élections dans les 16 pays étudiés. Après le développement de la recherche empirique, on conclue que la représentation programmatique dans les élections présidentielles est une manière viable de rapport entre les citoyens et la politique publique dans les démocraties de l’Amérique Latine et que son existence se rapporte au o assentiment (satisfaction) des citoyens au système démocratique. Esta é uma pesquisa sobre a representação programática nas democracias presidencialistas da América Latina durante a primeira década do século XXI. Representação programática é um fenômeno atrelado ao processo eleitoral que compreende as promessas feitas durante as campanhas e seu cumprimento pelos presidentes eleitos. Um estudo teórico inicial argumenta que a representação como prometer e cumprir promessas é uma forma de criar liberdade política nas democracias liberais. Neste sentido, uma democracia capaz de realizar representação programática deve obter maior consentimento dos cidadãos. Para abordar as promessas eleitorais foi formado o Banco de Asserções Programáticas com dados de 138 programas de governo, utilizando uma estratégia de análise de conteúdo desenvolvida para a pesquisa. Do ponto de vista eleitoral, a representação programática é favorecida pela (a) existência de alternativas ideologicamente diferentes entre as candidaturas partidárias/eleitorais, (b) por uma organização historicamente consistente destas candidaturas e, ao mesmo tempo, (c) pela sensibilidade das candidaturas às opiniões e interesses dos eleitores. Após as eleições, a representação programática é favorecida caso a ação governamental possua relação com as promessas feitas durante as campanhas (congruência ideológica). Estas condições são testadas para 48 eleições nos 16 países estudados. Após o desenvolvimento da pesquisa empírica, conclui-se que a representação programática nas eleições presidenciais é uma forma viável de relacionamento entre os cidadãos e a política pública nas democracias da América Latina e que sua existência está relacionada com o consentimento (satisfação) dos cidadãos ao sistema democrático. This is a research about the programmatic representation in presidential democracies of Latin America, over the first decade of XXI century. Programmatic representation is a phenomenon linked to the electoral process which comprises the promises made during the campaigns and the fulfilment of them by elected presidents. An introductory theoretical study argues that the representation as it makes promises and fulfills these promises is a form of create political liberty in liberal democracies. In this sense, a democracy capable of generate programmatic representation should obtain citizens’ compliance. The Database of Programmatic Assertions were made in order to approach the electoral promises, with the data them 138 electoral platforms, through a strategy of content analysis developed for this research. In the elections, the programmatic representation is favored by (a) the existence of ideological alternatives in the presidential candidatures; (b) by the historical consistence of the organizations behind the candidatures and, at the same time; (c) by the sensibility of the candidatures to the opinions and interests of the electors. After the elections, the programmatic representation is favored when the governmental actions are related to the promises made during the electoral campaign (ideological congruence). These conditions are tested for 48 elections in the 16 countries of the study. After the development of the empirical research, conclusion are that the programmatic representation in presidential elections are a viable form of relationship between the citizens and the public policy in Latin American democracies, as well as the existence of programmatic representation is associated with the citizens’ consentient (satisfaction) with the democratic system.
- Published
- 2014
45. The separation of powers in presidentialist countries: Latin American in comparative perspective
- Author
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Luis Gustavo Mello Grohmann
- Subjects
separation of powers ,Latin Americans ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,relations exécutif-législatif ,Executive-Legislative relations ,separação de poderes ,relações Executivo-Legislativo ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,América Latina ,Sociology ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,media_common ,presidencialismo ,politique comparée ,Amérique Latine ,Separation of powers ,Legislature ,política comparada ,Democracy ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Latin America ,séparation des pouvoirs ,comparative politics ,Ethnology ,régime présidentiel ,Humanities ,presidentialism - Abstract
Este artigo discute a separacao de poderes nos paises presidencialistas da America Latina, ressaltando seus pressupostos teoricos e evidenciando o balanco entre os poderes Executivo e Legislativo, bem como suas implicacoes para o aperfeicoamento democratico. Conclui que a maioria dos paises presidencialistas latino-americanos apresenta predominio do Legislativo com importantes casos desviantes, como Brasil, Chile e Mexico, onde ha ou conflito entre poderes ou predominio do Executivo. Abstract This article discusses the separation of powers in the presidentialist countries of Latin America, emphasizing their theoretical premises and looking at the balance of powers between the Executive and Legislative branches, as well as the implications that the latter has for the perfection of democracy. I come to the conclusion that in the majority of Latin American presidentialist countries the Legislative branch prevails, with important deviant cases such as Brazil, Chile and Mexico in which there has either been conflict between branches or prevalence of Executive powers. Resume Dans cet article il sera question de la separation des pouvoirs dans les pays de regime presidentiel en Amerique Latine. On soulignera la conformite aux presupposes theoriques et on mettra en evidence l'oscillation entre les pouvoirs executif et legislatif ainsi que ses implications concernant le perfectionnement democratique. En guise de conclusion, on montrera que dans la plupart de ces pays latino-americains le legislatif l'emporte. Parallelement on trouvera des cas deviants comme celui du Bresil, du Chili et du Mexique ou il existe des conflits des pouvoirs ou bien l'executif l'emporte.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Why presidents fall?: challenges and survival in Latin America
- Author
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Souza, André Luiz Coelho Farias de, Lima, Maria Regina Soares de, Figueiredo, Argelina Maria Cheibub, Santos, Fabiano Guilherme Mendes, Pessanha, Charles Freitas, and Amorim Neto, Octavio
- Subjects
Democracia ,Instituições ,CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA [CNPQ] ,Presidencialismo ,Movimentos Sociais ,Institutions ,Presidentialism ,Democracy ,Sociedade Civil ,Estabilidade ,Latin America ,Social movements ,América Latina ,Civil Society ,Stability - Abstract
Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-06T20:43:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Andre Luiz Coelho.pdf: 2254127 bytes, checksum: b0f324e81fa7c21bcfe97197ec80f35c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-06T20:43:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Andre Luiz Coelho.pdf: 2254127 bytes, checksum: b0f324e81fa7c21bcfe97197ec80f35c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-10 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The main objective of this work is to answer the following question: why Latin American Presidents fall? In order to conduct this research, political crises and falls of representatives that occurred between 1990 and 2012 were analyzed, which was a period after the re-democratization and the beginning of political and economic reforms of neoliberal nature, adopting two main explanatory dimensions: the variables connected to political institutions, as well as the civil society and social movement actions. Besides the debate regarding the causes for the presidential instability, I focused on describing and explaining all the cases of presidential fall in the last 30 years, as well as debating the current status of democracy and the quality of political representation in this region. Aiming to avoid generalizations, the cases were analyzed in two distinct and consecutive scenarios: 1) the moments of political crisis with a real possibility for presidential fall, and 2) the actual presidential falls. Despite the region observing huge instability in the last decades, one event draws attention and differentiates the current momentum from the episodes occurred in the past: Presidents fall but democracy lives on. The conservative forces might have learned about the high costs for the fulfillment of a military coup in the same molds performed in the past. In this manner, the new pattern for the removal of representatives in this region would occur mainly in face of the conflicts between the Head of the Executive and the other institutions in the country (primarily the Legislative power) within a context of high pressure from the streets in favor of the Presidents' exits, usually identified by the majority of population as the main culprits for the political and economic crisis. Such events happened in most part within constitutional norms in force and represented the institutional solutions that were found, allowing the solution for the conflict and pressure originated from several sectors of the society, or with the stabilization of the crisis and consequential permanence of the Presidents in their positions, or even with the removal of them from power. Therefore, we can conclude that the political and presidential instability is one of the main consequences of the democracy development in Latin America. However, the last three cases of presidential crisis Honduras (2009), Ecuador (2010) and Paraguay (2012) can be deemed as a new model of political action from conservative and antidemocratic elites in this region, which adopted a strategy of illegal coups against the representatives identified as being from the left party. This new tactic would be fast and objective, without the use of social mobilizations but with the support of opposition sectors from the respective Congresses and Military Forces in order to fulfill their activities, performed in an eminently unconstitutional manner. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi responder a seguinte pergunta: por que caem os presidentes na América Latina? Para empreender a pesquisa, analisei as crises políticas e quedas de mandatários ocorridas entre 1990 e 2012, período imediatamente posterior à redemocratização e ao início das reformas políticas e econômicas de cunho neoliberal, adotando duas principais dimensões explicativas: as variáveis ligadas às instituições políticas e a ação da sociedade civil e dos movimentos sociais. Além de debater os motivos da instabilidade presidencial, procurei descrever e explicar todos os casos de queda presidencial nos últimos trinta anos, além de discutir o estado atual da democracia e da qualidade da representação política na região. Com o intuito de evitar generalizações, os casos foram apreciados em duas conjunturas distintas e consecutivas: 1) os momentos de crise política com real possibilidade de queda presidencial e; 2) as efetivas quedas presidenciais. Apesar de a região ter presenciado grande instabilidade nas últimas décadas, um fato chama a atenção e diferencia o atual momento dos episódios ocorridos no passado: os presidentes caem, mas a democracia continua. Teria ocorrido um aprendizado das forças conservadoras acerca do alto custo da realização de um golpe militar nos moldes concretizados no passado. Assim, o novo padrão de destituição de mandatários na região ocorreria principalmente em razão dos conflitos do chefe do Executivo com as demais instituições do país (principalmente o Legislativo) em um contexto de forte pressão das ruas pela saída dos presidentes, geralmente identificados pela maioria da população como os principais culpados pelas crises políticas e econômicas. Tais eventos aconteceram majoritariamente dentro das normas constitucionais vigentes e representaram as soluções institucionais encontradas que permitiram que o conflito e as pressões oriundas de diversos setores da sociedade fossem solucionados, ou com a estabilização das crises e a consequente permanência dos presidentes em seus cargos, ou com a retirada dos mesmos do poder. Logo, podemos concluir que a instabilidade política e presidencial seria uma das principais consequências do desenvolvimento da democracia na América Latina. Contudo, os três últimos casos de crises presidenciais: Honduras (2009), Equador (2010) e Paraguai (2012) podem ser encarados como um novo modelo de ação política das elites conservadoras e antidemocráticas na região, que adotaram uma estratégia de golpes ilegais contra os mandatários identificados com a esquerda. Essa nova tática seria rápida e objetiva e não contaria com a utilização das mobilizações sociais, mas com o apoio de setores oposicionistas dos respectivos Congressos e das Forças Armadas para efetivar suas ações, realizadas de forma eminentemente extraconstitucionais
- Published
- 2013
47. Brief approach to presidentialism: lights and shadows in Latin American context
- Author
-
Vega, Lorena
- Subjects
presidencialismo ,caídas presidenciales ,democratic consolidation ,lcsh:Law ,extreme multipartidism ,presidentialism, democratic consolidation, presidential interruptions, extreme multipartidism, Latin America ,consolidación democrática ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,Latin America ,América Latina ,multipartidismo extremo ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,presidencialismo, consolidación democrática, caídas presidenciales, multipartidismo extremo, América Latina ,presidential interruptions ,lcsh:K ,presidentialism - Abstract
Hace más de dos décadas ha iniciado la polémica en torno a la identificación de la mejor forma de gobierno en América Latina y sus consecuencias para la estabilidad democrática. Esto ha ocasionado que diversos y varios académicos hayan identificado los argumentos que se recogen en la primera parte de este artículo, para considerar más o menos óptimo el régimen presidencial. En la segunda parte, se sintetizan los fundamentos e interpretaciones que se han sostenido alrededor de los fenómenos que acontecen en el presidencialismo, como las caídas presidenciales y el multipartidismo extremo. Para finalizar el artículo, se condensan las principales posturas que han dado respuesta al perpetuo debate de “parlamentarismo versus presidencialismo”. More than two decades ago started the controversy about the identification of the best way of government in Latin America and its consequences for democratic stability. This caused that different and several academicians had identified the arguments collected in the first part of this article, in order to consider the presidential regime as more or less ideal. In the second part, we summarize the foundations and interpretations maintained around presidentialism’s phenomena as presidential interruptions and extreme multipartidism. To finish the article we condense the main stances that have given an answer to the perpetual debate “Parliamentarism vs. Presidentialism”.
- Published
- 2013
48. La forma de gobierno en el nuevo constitucionalismo andino: innovaciones y problemáticas
- Author
-
Criado de Diego, Marcos, Departamento de Derecho Público, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cairo Carou, Heriberto, Cabezas González, Almudena, Mallo Gutiérrez, Tomás, Campo García, Esther del, Carpio Martín, José, Rodríguez Yunta, Luis, Cairo Carou, Heriberto, Cabezas González, Almudena, Mallo Gutiérrez, Tomás, Campo García, Esther del, and Carpio Martín, José
- Subjects
Bolivia ,[SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Control of the government ,Presidencialismo ,Colombia ,Forma de gobierno ,Venezuela ,Presidentialism ,Constitucionalismo ,Control del gobierno ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Latin America ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,América Latina ,Constitutional reform ,Form of government ,Ecuador ,[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Constitutionalism ,Reforma constitucional - Abstract
El presente artículo analiza algunas de las innovaciones que en materia de forma de gobierno han introducido las recientes constituciones de la Región andina, así como las condiciones de eficacia del diseño institucional en ellas contemplado a partir del substrato real sobre el que tiene que aplicarse. En el primer apartado, se hace una somera referencia a la evolución de la categoría "forma de gobierno" en el constitucionalismo y la ciencia política contemporáneas. En el segundo epígrafe, se analizan la relación entre la forma de gobierno presidencial y la inestabilidad democrática en América Latina. En el tercer apartado, se describen lo que considero las principales innovaciones del nuevo constitucionalismo andino en materia de forma de gobierno, articuladas en torno a dos ítems: la superación de la vieja tripartición de los poderes del estado, y la introducción de elementos de flexibilidad en los esquemas tradicionalmente rígidos del presidencialismo clásico.
- Published
- 2012
49. Cambiar la letra, cambiar el mundo
- Author
-
Gargarella, Roberto
- Subjects
VENEZUELA ,CONSTITUCIONAL REFORMS ,DERECHOS SOCIALES ,AMÉRICA LATINA ,NEOLIBERALISM ,NEOLIBERALISMO ,ECUADOR ,SOCIAL RIGTHS ,BOLIVIA ,PRESIDENTIALISM ,REFORMAS CONSTITUCIONALES ,LATIN AMERICA ,PRESIDENCIALISMO - Abstract
Las reformas constitucionales de Venezuela, Bolivia y Ecuador son una reacción al neoliberalismo de los años noventa. Introducen derechos sociales y otros elementos positivos, pero tienden a reforzar el presidencialismo.
- Published
- 2008
50. Las cuatro singularidades del Gobierno de Michelle Bachelet
- Author
-
Huneeus, Carlos
- Subjects
Democratisation ,Presidencialismo ,Democratización ,Gobierno ,Política ,Presidentialism ,Social sciences ,Mujeres en política ,Women in politics ,CIENCIAS SOCIALES ,SOCIAL SCIENCES ,América Latina ,Government ,Ciencias sociales ,Political science ,Latín America - Abstract
El artículo analiza la gestión del Gobierno de la presidenta Michelle Bachelet en torno a cuatro factores. En primer lugar, es una mujer, un hecho singular en la política comparada y en Chile, un país con fuertes rasgos machistas; en segundo, su agenda de Gobierno, con políticas para aumentar la participación de las mujeres en el Gobierno, con un criterio paritario, políticas para promover el acceso de las mujeres al trabajo, y medidas destinadas a enfrentar las desigualdades económicas y fortalecer los derechos de los trabajadores, que han sido muy cuestionadas por la derecha y los gremios empresariales. En tercer lugar, Bachelet tuvo una corta experiencia en gestión de Gobierno, iniciada recién el 2000, que le ha hecho difícil comprender las complejidades del poder y dar una eficaz conducción a su Gobierno. Y, por último, por ser la cuarta presidenta de Gobiernos exitosos de la Concertación establecidos desde 1990, después de la dictadura del general Pinochet cuyos partidos están cansados y con debilidades internas, el Gobierno enfrenta tareas más políticas y económicas más complejas que los anteriores y hereda graves problemas del Gobierno anterior del presidente Lagos., The article analyse the performance of Michelle Bachelet's government around four issues. First, she is a woman, an unique situation in comparative politics and in Chile, with a society with strong machismo. Second, the ambitious agenda of the government, with the expansión of participation of women in governmental positions (Gobierno paritario), with policies to encourage women's entrance to Job market, together with policies to diminish economic and social inequalities and strengthening trade unions, which have been rejected by the right and business organizations. Third, Bachelet had a short experience in government, being minister in 2000, which explains the difficulties she have had to understand the complexities of power and the limits to coordínate the cabinet. Finally, she is the fourth president of the Concertación, which means that she faces a more complex economic and political scenario, but with weaker resources, because the parties are organizationally weaker than before, and inherited severe problems.
- Published
- 2008
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