125 results on '"Chen, Ji-an"'
Search Results
2. Early acute fat embolism syndrome caused by femoral fracture: A case report
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Jia-Nan Dong, Wen-Bo Lin, Jiang-Tao Jin, Xiao-Bo Guo, Jia Yang, Chen-Chen Ji, Xiao-Jie Tang, Zhong-Ning Cui, Ming Sun, and Shao-Bo Cui
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Respiratory distress ,business.industry ,Fat embolism syndrome ,General Medicine ,Femoral fracture ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,law.invention ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,law ,Fifth metatarsal bone ,Orthopedic surgery ,Diagnosis ,Case report ,medicine ,Fat embolism ,business ,Complication ,Outcome - Abstract
Background Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare complication caused by the presence of fat particles in the microcirculation, which usually occurs within 12-72 h after trauma. At present, there have been few cases of fat embolism presenting within 3 h after trauma. Here, we report a case of femoral fracture complicated with an acute fat embolism caused by a car accident. Case summary A 29-year-old woman with pain, swelling and limited movement of her left lower limb after a car accident was taken by ambulance to our hospital. X-ray examination showed fracture of the middle and lower part of the left femur and fracture of the base of the left fifth metatarsal bone. She was hospitalized and admitted to the orthopedic ward. After the attending doctor performed tibial tubercle bone traction, the patient became confused, followed by respiratory distress. Finally, she was transferred to the intensive care unit. After nearly a month of treatment in the intensive care unit, the patient's cognitive function gradually recovered over 6 mo. Conclusion For patients with early traumatic fractures, young emergency physicians and orthopedics should be aware of the possibility of FES.
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- 2021
3. Monolithically Integrated Dual-Wavelength Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser Photonic Integrated Circuit Chip for Continuous-Wave Terahertz Generation
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R.G. Broeke, Wanshu Xiong, Qiulu Yang, Ruoyun Yao, Dan Lu, Mengdie Sun, Qianwen Guo, and Chen Ji
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lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics ,Heterodyne ,Materials science ,Terahertz radiation ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Waveguide (optics) ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,monolithic integration ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:QC350-467 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Optical amplifier ,business.industry ,mode-beating ,Photonic integrated circuit ,heterodyning ,lcsh:TA1501-1820 ,Distributed Bragg reflector ,Laser ,Terahertz (THz) sources ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Distributed Bragg reflector laser ,Optoelectronics ,business ,lcsh:Optics. Light - Abstract
We report the design, fabrication and characterization of a 1.55-μm dual-wavelength Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) laser photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chip for continuous-waves (CW) terahertz generation. The PIC chip consists of a pair of parallel DBR lasers with integrated semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), and a multimode interference (MMI) coupler for combining the two wavelength channels into a single output waveguide. A room temperature continuous wave THz tuning range of 0.06 THz – 0.71 THz was obtained through optical heterodyne technique.
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- 2021
4. Simultaneous Control of Absorbing Frequency and Amplitude Using Graphene Capacitor and Active Frequency-Selective Surface
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Chen Ji, Jianing Yang, Cheng Huang, Jiakun Song, and Xiangang Luo
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Materials science ,Graphene ,business.industry ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Biasing ,02 engineering and technology ,Capacitance ,law.invention ,Capacitor ,Amplitude ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Varicap ,Sheet resistance ,Voltage - Abstract
In this communication, we propose a tunable radar absorber based on the combination of a graphene capacitor with a varactor-loaded active frequency-selective surface (FSS). The absorbing amplitude and frequency can be independently controlled by changing the effective sheet resistance of graphene and the capacitance of the varactor through different bias voltages, respectively. We fabricated the designed absorber and measured its tunable reflectivity. The measured results indicate that the absorber can tune its absorbing frequency ranging from 3.53 to 7.05 GHz under normal incidence when changing bias voltages applied to the varactors from 0.5 to 10 V. By further varying the graphene resistance through the bias voltage, the absorbing amplitude at each absorbing frequency can be dynamically modulated. In addition, it is found that the absorber achieves polarization-insensitive characteristics due to the symmetrical design of the active FSS. The physical mechanism of this absorber is discussed by providing the equivalent transmission-line (TL) model.
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- 2021
5. The effect of airway management on CPR quality in the PARAMEDIC2 randomised controlled trial
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Charles D. Deakin, Ranjit Lall, Chen Ji, Gavin D. Perkins, Jerry P. Nolan, Rachael T Fothergill, Andy Rosser, and Tom Quinn
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Emergency Medical Services ,Resuscitation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,alliedhealth ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Emergency Nursing ,Placebo ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,London ,Intubation, Intratracheal ,Humans ,Medicine ,Airway Management ,business.industry ,Tracheal intubation ,Basic life support ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,respiratory system ,primarycare ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Advanced life support ,Anesthesia ,Emergency Medicine ,Airway management ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Airway ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest - Abstract
Introduction Good quality basic life support (BLS) is associated with improved outcome from cardiac arrest. Chest compression fraction (CCF) is a BLS quality indicator, which may be influenced by the type of airway used. We aimed to assess CCF according to the airway strategy in the PARAMEDIC2 study: no advanced airway, supraglottic airway (SGA), tracheal intubation, or a combination of the two. Our hypothesis was that tracheal intubation was associated with a decrease in the CCF compared with alternative airway management strategies. Methods PARAMEDIC2 was a multicentre double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of adrenaline vs placebo in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Data showing compression rate and ratio from patients recruited by London Ambulance Service (LAS) as part of this study was collated and analysed according to the advanced airway used during the resuscitation attempt. Results CPR process data were available from 286/ 2058 (13.9%) of the total patients recruited by LAS. The mean compression rate for the first 5 min of data recording was the same in all groups (P = 0.272) and ranged from 104.2 (95% CI of mean: 100.5, 107.8) min−1 to 108.0 (95% CI of mean: 105.1, 108.3) min−1. The mean compression fraction was also similar across all groups (P = 0.159) and ranged between 74.7% and 78.4%. There was no difference in the compression rates and fractions across the airway management groups, regardless of the duration of CPR. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the compression fraction associated with the airway management strategy.
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- 2021
6. Supervised pulmonary hypertension exercise rehabilitation (SPHERe): study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
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Kate Seers, Martin Underwood, Julie Bruce, Alastair Canaway, Ranjit Lall, Gordon McGregor, Paul Clift, David Fitzmaurice, Stephanie Taylor, James Mason, Chen Ji, Elizabeth Robertson, Tamar Pincus, Prithwish Banerjee, Sarah Bowater, Sally Singh, Katie Booth, Stuart Ennis, and Harbinder Sandhu
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cost effectiveness ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Hypertension, Pulmonary ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,Cardiac rehabilitation ,Walk Test ,State Medicine ,law.invention ,Pulmonary hypertension ,Study Protocol ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Randomized controlled trial ,Complex intervention ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Outpatients ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Medicine ,Pulmonary rehabilitation ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Randomised controlled trial ,lcsh:RC705-779 ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system ,United Kingdom ,Exercise Therapy ,030228 respiratory system ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,business ,Psychosocial ,RC - Abstract
Background Supervised cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation may be safe and beneficial for people with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in groups 1 (pulmonary arterial hypertension) and 4 (chronic thromboembolic disease), particularly as a hospital in-patient. It has not been tested in the most common PH groups; 2 (left heart disease), 3 (lung disease), or 5 (other disorders). Further it has not been evaluated in the UK National Health Service (NHS) out-patient setting, or with long-term follow-up. The aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to test the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a supervised exercise rehabilitation intervention with psychosocial support compared to best practice usual care for people with PH in the community/outpatient setting. Methods This multi-centre, pragmatic, two-arm RCT with embedded process evaluation aims to recruit 352 clinically stable adults with PH (groups 1–5) and WHO functional class II-IV. Participants will be randomised to either the Supervised Pulmonary Hypertension Exercise Rehabilitation (SPHERe) intervention or control. The SPHERe intervention consists of 1) individual assessment and familiarisation sessions; 2) 8-week, twice-weekly, supervised out-patient exercise training; 3) psychosocial/motivational support and education; 4) guided home exercise plan. The control intervention consists of best practice usual care with a single one-to-one practitioner appointment, and general advice on physical activity. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 4 months (post-intervention) and 12 months by researchers blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome is the incremental shuttle walk test at 4 months. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life (HRQoL), time to clinical worsening and health and social care use. A purposive sample of participants (n = 20 intervention and n = 20 control) and practitioners (n = 20) will be interviewed to explore experiences of the trial, outcomes and interventions. Discussion The SPHERe study is the first multi-centre clinical RCT to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of a supervised exercise rehabilitation intervention compared to usual care, delivered in the UK NHS, for people in all PH groups. Results will inform clinicians and commissioners as to whether or not supervised exercise rehabilitation is effective and should be routinely provided for people with PH. Trial registration ISRCTN no. 10608766, prospectively registered on 18th March 2019.
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- 2020
7. Intraosseous versus intravenous administration of adrenaline in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a secondary analysis of the PARAMEDIC2 placebo-controlled trial
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Charles D. Deakin, Simon Gates, Andy Rosser, Ranjit Lall, Chen Ji, Gavin D. Perkins, and Jerry P. Nolan
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Adult ,Emergency Medical Services ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Resuscitation ,Epinephrine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Placebo-controlled study ,Return of spontaneous circulation ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Placebo ,State Medicine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Anesthesiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,Wales ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Odds ratio ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,England ,030228 respiratory system ,Anesthesia ,Administration, Intravenous ,business ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ,RC - Abstract
Purpose:\ud To compare the effectiveness of the intravenous (IV) and intraosseous (IO) routes for drug administration in adults with a cardiac arrest enrolled in the Pre-Hospital Assessment of the Role of Adrenaline: Measuring the Effectiveness of Drug Administration in Cardiac Arrest (PARAMEDIC2) randomised, controlled trial.\ud \ud Methods:\ud Patients were recruited from five National Health Service Ambulance Services in England and Wales from December 2014 through October 2017. Patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were unresponsive to initial resuscitation attempts were randomly assigned to 1 mg adrenaline or matching placebo. Intravascular access was established as soon as possible, and IO access was considered if IV access was not possible after two attempts.\ud \ud Results:\ud Among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 3631 received adrenaline and 3686 received placebo. Amongst these, 1116 (30.1%) and 1121 (30.4%) received the study drug via the IO route. The odds ratios were similar in the IV and IO groups for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at hospital handover [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.07 (95% CI 3.42–4.85) and (aOR 3.98 (95% CI 2.86–5.53), P value for interaction 0.90]; survival to 30 days [aOR 1.67 (1.18–2.35) versus 0.9 (0.4–2.05), P = 0.18]; and favourable neurological outcome [aOR 1.39 (0.93–2.06) versus 0.62 (0.23–1.67), P = 0.14].\ud \ud Conclusion:\ud There was no significant difference in treatment effect (adrenaline versus placebo) on ROSC at hospital handover between drugs administered by the intraosseous route or by the intravenous route. We could not detect any difference in the treatment effect between the IV and IO routes on the longer term outcomes of 30-day survival or favourable neurological outcome at discharge (ISRCTN73485024).
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- 2020
8. Solid‐State Hybrid Supercapacitor Assembled from a Heterostructured Co−Ni Battery‐like Cathode and Supercapacitor‐Type Highly Disordered Carbon Nanosheets
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Shixue He, Kongjun Ma, Zhan Li, Zhiwei Li, Conghui Wang, Mengjiao Xu, Fengjiao Guo, Huan Pang, Hongyu Mi, and Chen-Chen Ji
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Battery (electricity) ,Supercapacitor ,Materials science ,Solid-state ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Heterojunction ,Catalysis ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,law ,Electrochemistry ,Carbon - Published
- 2020
9. An adhesive locomotion model for the rock-climbing fish, Beaufortia kweichowensis
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Chen Ji, Min Pan, Wei Wang, Huayong Yang, Jinrong Wang, and Jun Zou
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Fin ,Friction ,lcsh:Medicine ,Crawling ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Models, Biological ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,Animals ,Biomechanics ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Bearing (mechanical) ,Beaufortia kweichowensis ,biology ,Muscles ,lcsh:R ,Adhesiveness ,X-Ray Microtomography ,Animal behaviour ,biology.organism_classification ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Cypriniformes ,030104 developmental biology ,Climbing ,Animal Fins ,%22">Fish ,lcsh:Q ,Adhesive ,Biological system ,Geology ,Locomotion - Abstract
The rock-climbing fish (Beaufortia kweichowensis) adheres to slippery, fouled surfaces and crawls both forward and backward in torrential streams. During locomotion, two suckers can be distinguished. Here, the general skeletal structure of the rock-climbing fish was determined using microtomography. Friction and adhesion were positively correlated, as were friction and fin ray angle. The unique adhesive locomotion system used by the rock-climbing fish was observed with a high speed camera. This system comprised two anisotropic suckers bearing two paired fins and two girdle muscles. A locomotion model was established based on these results. In this model, the fin states controlled the direction of motion using anisotropic friction, and alternate contractions of the girdle muscles provided propulsion during bidirectional crawling. This adhesive locomotion system was compared with other biological locomotion mechanisms. Based on these comparisons, we hypothesized that this novel system might represent an energy-saving solution for undulatory underwater vertical movement without detaching from the substrate.
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- 2019
10. Effects of Lower Temperature on Expression and Biochemical Characteristics of HCV NS3 Antigen Recombinant Protein
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Hwei-Ling Peng, Chen-Ji Huang, Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel, Cheng-Di Dong, and Chih-Yu Cheng
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NS3 ,diagnosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hepatitis C virus ,lac operon ,TP1-1185 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Catalysis ,law.invention ,Affinity chromatography ,Antigen ,law ,medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,protein expression ,QD1-999 ,Protease ,Chromatography ,Molecular mass ,Chemistry ,Chemical technology ,virus diseases ,protease ,digestive system diseases ,helicase ,HCV ,Recombinant DNA - Abstract
The nonstructural antigen protein 3 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV NS3), commonly-used for HCV ELISA diagnosis, possesses protease and helicase activities. To prevent auto-degradation, a truncated NS3 protein was designed by removing the protease domain. Firstly, it was overexpressed in E. coli by IPTG induction under two different temperatures (25 and 37 °C), and purified using affinity chromatography to attain homogeneity above 90%. The molecular mass of purified protein was determined to be approx. 55 kDa. While lowering the temperature from 37 to 25 °C, the yield of the soluble fraction of HCV NS3 was increased from 4.15 to 11.1 mgL−1 culture, which also improved the antigenic activity and specificity. The protein stability was investigated after long-term storage (for 6 months at −20 °C) revealed no loss of activity, specificity, or antigenic efficacy. A thermal stability study on both freshly produced and stored HCV NS3 fractions at both temperatures showed that the unfolding curve profile properly obey the three-state unfolding mechanism. In the first transition phase, the midpoints of the thermal denaturation of fresh NS3 produced at 37 °C and 25 °C, and that produced after long-term storage at 37 °C and 25 °C, were 59.7 °C, 59.1 °C, 55.5 °C, and 57.8 °C, respectively. Microplates coated with the fresh NS3 produced at 25 °C or at 37 °C that were used for the HCV ELISA test and the diagnosis outcome were compared with two commercial kits—Abbott HCV EIA 2.0 and Ortho HCV EIA 3.0. Results indicated that the specificity of the HCV NS3 produced fresh at 25 °C was higher than that of the fresh one at 37 °C, hence showing potential for application in HCV ELISA diagnosis.
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- 2021
11. RCT Abstract - An adaptive randomized controlled trial of non-invasive respiratory strategies in acute respiratory failure patients with COVID-19
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Nigel Stallard, Ranjit Lall, Emma Skilton, Chloe Norman, J Kenneth Baillie, Jay Naisbitt, Clare Ross, Mohammad Saim, Shyam Madathil, Anita K Simonds, Ellen Gorman, Michael C Steiner, Daniel F Mc Auley, Chen Ji, Gavin D. Perkins, Rama Vancheeswaran, Sara Fairbairn, Bronwen Connolly, Emma M Parkin, Christopher A Green, Anne Devrell, Paul Dark, Anthony J. Rostron, Nicholas Hart, Hakim Ghani, Jaimin Patel, Siew Wan Hee, Chirag Dave, Benjamin Messer, Dhruv Parekh, Anna V Dennis, Zoe Kimbley, Nicola McGowan, Anthony De Soyza, Judy Bradley, Keith Couper, Joyce Yeung, and Scott Regan
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business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tracheal intubation ,Odds ratio ,Oxygenation ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Anesthesia ,Oxygen therapy ,medicine ,Intubation ,Continuous positive airway pressure ,Respiratory system ,business - Abstract
Background: Both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) have been recommended for acute respiratory failure in COVID-19. However, uncertainty exists regarding effectiveness and safety. Methods: In the Recovery-Respiratory Support multi-center, three-arm, open-label, adaptive, randomized controlled trial, adult hospitalized patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19, deemed suitable for treatment escalation, were randomly assigned to receive CPAP, HFNO, or conventional oxygen therapy. Comparisons were made between each intervention and conventional oxygen therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of tracheal intubation or mortality within 30-days. Results: Over 13-months, 1272 participants were randomized and analysed (380 (29.9%) CPAP; 417 (32.8%) HFNO; 475 (37.3%) conventional oxygen therapy). The need for tracheal intubation or mortality within 30-days was lower in the CPAP group (CPAP 137 of 377 participants (36.3%) vs conventional oxygen therapy 158 of 356 participants (44.4%); unadjusted odds ratio 0.72; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.96, P=0.03). There was no difference between HFNO and conventional oxygen therapy (HFNO 184 of 414 participants (44.4%) vs conventional oxygen therapy 166 of 368 participants (45.1%); unadjusted odds ratio 0.97; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.29, P=0.85). Conclusions: CPAP, compared with conventional oxygen therapy, reduced the composite outcome of intubation or death within 30 days of randomisation in hospitalized adults with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. No effect was observed with the use of HFNO. (Funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research; ISRCTN 16912075).
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- 2021
12. An adaptive randomized controlled trial of non-invasive respiratory strategies in acute respiratory failure patients with COVID-19
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Emma Skilton, Michael C Steiner, Ellen Gorman, Joyce Yeung, Shyam Madathil, Emma M Parkin, Christopher A Green, Anthony J. Rostron, Paul Dark, Chen Ji, Hakim Ghani, Nicholas Hart, Anthony De Soyza, Chirag Dave, Anita K Simonds, Bronwen Connolly, Keith Couper, Anne Devrell, Daniel F. McAuley, Nigel Stallard, Anna V Dennis, Judy Bradley, Dhruv Parekh, Sara Fairbairn, Ranjit Lall, Jay Naisbitt, Siew Wan Hee, Scott Regan, Clare Ross, Rama Vancheeswaran, J Kenneth Baillie, Nicola McGowan, Zoe Kimbley, Jaimin Patel, Chloe Norman, Benjamin Messer, Mohammad Saim, and Gavin D. Perkins
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business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tracheal intubation ,Odds ratio ,Oxygenation ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Anesthesia ,Oxygen therapy ,Medicine ,Intubation ,Continuous positive airway pressure ,Respiratory system ,business - Abstract
BackgroundBoth continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) have been recommended for acute respiratory failure in COVID-19. However, uncertainty exists regarding effectiveness and safety.MethodsIn the Recovery-Respiratory Support multi-center, three-arm, open-label, adaptive, randomized controlled trial, adult hospitalized patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19, deemed suitable for treatment escalation, were randomly assigned to receive CPAP, HFNO, or conventional oxygen therapy. Comparisons were made between each intervention and conventional oxygen therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of tracheal intubation or mortality within 30-days.ResultsOver 13-months, 1272 participants were randomized and included in the analysis (380 (29.9%) CPAP; 417 (32.8%) HFNO; 475 (37.3%) conventional oxygen therapy). The need for tracheal intubation or mortality within 30-days was lower in the CPAP group (CPAP 137 of 377 participants (36.3%) vs conventional oxygen therapy 158 of 356 participants (44.4%); unadjusted odds ratio 0.72; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.96, P=0.03). There was no difference between HFNO and conventional oxygen therapy (HFNO 184 of 414 participants (44.4%) vs conventional oxygen therapy 166 of 368 participants (45.1%); unadjusted odds ratio 0.97; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.29, P=0.85).ConclusionsCPAP, compared with conventional oxygen therapy, reduced the composite outcome of intubation or death within 30 days of randomisation in hospitalized adults with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. There was no effect observed, compared with conventional oxygen therapy, with the use of HFNO.(Funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research; ISRCTN 16912075).
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- 2021
13. Oriented Nanosheet-Assembled CoNi-LDH Cages with Efficient Ion Diffusion for Quasi-Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitors
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Zixiao Li, Han Li, Shixue He, Jieshan Qiu, Hongyu Mi, Fengjiao Guo, and Chen-Chen Ji
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Supercapacitor ,Battery (electricity) ,Chemistry ,Nanotechnology ,Electrolyte ,Energy storage ,law.invention ,Ion ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Capacitor ,law ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Quasi-solid ,Nanosheet - Abstract
Fast-charged energy-storage technologies have become important nowadays as they are required by many applications, including automobiles. This inspires the exploitation of hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) with the advantages of fast charge offered by the capacitor characters and high energy density from the property of battery technology. The challenges lay in the construction of advanced materials with high pseudocapacitive activity. Herein, a metal-organic framework derivative is utilized to address the problems. Specifically, polyhedral CoNi layered double hydroxide (CoNi-LDHx) cages assembled in the form of nanosheet arrays are prepared from ZIF-67 using a facile ion-exchange approach. Based on the control over the mass ratio of ZIF-67 to Ni salt, the optimal CoNi-LDH2 is attained. It exhibits ultrahigh capacities ranging from 1031.4 to 667.3 C g-1 under 1-25 A g-1, thanks to rich Faradaic active spots and the accelerated kinetics provided by the synergy between nanosheet arrays and the hollow structure. The CoNi-LDH2-based HSC with the gel electrolyte shares remarkable energy output of 49 Wh kg-1 and approving cyclability with almost no capacity decay after 12 000 cycles. This is an advancement vs many related studies and can arouse tremendous interests of researchers in solving the main problems of energy storage.
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- 2021
14. Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection vs Sham Injection on Tendon Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Jonathan Young, Nicholas R. Parsons, Matthew L. Costa, Rebecca S. Kearney, Paul Harrison, Jane Warwick, Jaclyn Brown, and Chen Ji
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Injections, Subcutaneous ,Achilles tendinitis ,Achilles Tendon ,Severity of Illness Index ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method ,Treatment Failure ,Adverse effect ,Original Investigation ,Ultrasonography ,Achilles tendon ,business.industry ,Platelet-Rich Plasma ,Minimal clinically important difference ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Tendon ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Chronic Disease ,Tendinopathy ,Quality of Life ,Female ,business ,Sports - Abstract
Importance Platelet-rich plasma injections are used as a treatment for chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy, but evidence for this treatment is limited. Objective In adults with midportion Achilles tendinopathy, to assess the effects of a single platelet-rich plasma injection, compared with sham injection, on the outcome of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) score (a single composite measure of Achilles tendinopathy severity). Design, Setting, and Participants A participant-blinded, multicenter randomized clinical trial that included 240 people from 24 sites assigned to either a platelet-rich plasma injection or a sham injection between April 2016 and February 2020. Final follow-up was July 2020. Participants were older than 18 years with midportion Achilles tendon pain for more than 3 months as confirmed by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or both. Interventions A single intratendinous platelet-rich plasma injection (n = 121) or a single sham injection (insertion of a subcutaneous dry needle not entering the tendon) (n = 119). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the VISA-A score, measured 6 months after treatment allocation. The VISA-A score contains 8 questions that cover 3 domains of pain, function, and activity, analyzed as a composite score (range, 0 [worst symptoms] to 100 [no symptoms]; minimal clinically important difference in score, 12 points). The primary analysis was adjusted for laterality, age, sex, and baseline VISA-A score. Results Among 240 patients assigned to a platelet-rich plasma or sham injection (mean age, 52 years; 138 [58%] women), 221 (92%) completed the trial. At 6-month follow-up, mean VISA-A score values in the plasma-rich plasma group vs the sham injection group were 54.4 vs 53.4 (adjusted mean difference, −2.7 [95% CI, −8.8 to 3.3]). The most common adverse events compared between patients in the platelet-rich plasma group vs the sham group were injection site discomfort (97 vs 73 patients), swelling (56 vs 52 patients) and bruising (48 vs 49 patients). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy, treatment with a single injection of intratendinous platelet-rich plasma, compared with insertion of a subcutaneous dry needle, did not reduce Achilles tendon dysfunction at 6 months. These findings do not support the use of this treatment for chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier:ISRCTN13254422
- Published
- 2021
15. Fall prevention interventions in primary care to reduce fractures and falls in people aged 70 years and over: the PreFIT three-arm cluster RCT
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Shvaita Ralhan, Ranjit Lall, Fiona Shaw, Susanne Finnegan, Sarah E Lamb, Martin Underwood, Emma J. Withers, Anower Hossain, Susie Hennings, Ray Sheridan, Chen Ji, Julie Bruce, Dawn A. Skelton, Finbarr C. Martin, Katharine Westacott, Claire Hulme, Roberta Longo, Jonathan Treml, Keith Willett, John Davison, and Chris Bojke
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medicine.medical_specialty ,cluster randomised trial ,economic evaluation ,falls prevention ,Psychological intervention ,Rate ratio ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,primary care ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,falls ,Medical technology ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cluster randomised controlled trial ,R855-855.5 ,Adverse effect ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Confidence interval ,fracture ,Economic evaluation ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Accidental Falls ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Falls and fractures are a major problem. Objectives To investigate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative falls prevention interventions. Design Three-arm, pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial with parallel economic analysis. The unit of randomisation was the general practice. Setting Primary care. Participants People aged ≥ 70 years. Interventions All practices posted an advice leaflet to each participant. Practices randomised to active intervention arms (exercise and multifactorial falls prevention) screened participants for falls risk using a postal questionnaire. Active treatments were delivered to participants at higher risk of falling. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was fracture rate over 18 months, captured from Hospital Episode Statistics, general practice records and self-report. Secondary outcomes were falls rate, health-related quality of life, mortality, frailty and health service resource use. Economic evaluation was expressed in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year and incremental net monetary benefit. Results Between 2011 and 2014, we randomised 63 general practices (9803 participants): 21 practices (3223 participants) to advice only, 21 practices (3279 participants) to exercise and 21 practices (3301 participants) to multifactorial falls prevention. In the active intervention arms, 5779 out of 6580 (87.8%) participants responded to the postal fall risk screener, of whom 2153 (37.3%) were classed as being at higher risk of falling and invited for treatment. The rate of intervention uptake was 65% (697 out of 1079) in the exercise arm and 71% (762 out of 1074) in the multifactorial falls prevention arm. Overall, 379 out of 9803 (3.9%) participants sustained a fracture. There was no difference in the fracture rate between the advice and exercise arms (rate ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.59) or between the advice and multifactorial falls prevention arms (rate ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.71). There was no difference in falls rate over 18 months (exercise arm: rate ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 1.14; multifactorial falls prevention arm: rate ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.30). A lower rate of falls was observed in the exercise arm at 8 months (rate ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.96), but not at other time points. There were 289 (2.9%) deaths, with no differences by treatment arm. There was no evidence of effects in prespecified subgroup comparisons, nor in nested intention-to-treat analyses that considered only those at higher risk of falling. Exercise provided the highest expected quality-adjusted life-years (1.120), followed by advice and multifactorial falls prevention, with 1.106 and 1.114 quality-adjusted life-years, respectively. NHS costs associated with exercise (£3720) were lower than the costs of advice (£3737) or of multifactorial falls prevention (£3941). Although incremental differences between treatment arms were small, exercise dominated advice, which in turn dominated multifactorial falls prevention. The incremental net monetary benefit of exercise relative to treatment valued at £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year is modest, at £191, and for multifactorial falls prevention is £613. Exercise is the most cost-effective treatment. No serious adverse events were reported. Limitations The rate of fractures was lower than anticipated. Conclusions Screen-and-treat falls prevention strategies in primary care did not reduce fractures. Exercise resulted in a short-term reduction in falls and was cost-effective. Future work Exercise is the most promising intervention for primary care. Work is needed to ensure adequate uptake and sustained effects. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN71002650. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 34. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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- 2021
16. Adrenaline to improve survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : the PARAMEDIC2 RCT
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Jessica Horton, Stavros Petrou, Andy Rosser, Sarah E Lamb, Jerry P. Nolan, Joshua Miller, Charlotte Scomparin, Scott Regan, Susie Hennings, Ranjit Lall, Chen Ji, Gavin D. Perkins, Tom Quinn, Kyee Han, John J.M. Black, John Long, Helen Pocock, Anne Slowther, Adam de Paeztron, Nigel Rees, Judith Finn, James Crawford, Rachael T Fothergill, Charles D. Deakin, Simon Gates, Mark Docherty, Felix A. Achana, Karl Charlton, Fionna Moore, Kamran Khan, Imogen Gunson, and Lyndsey O’Shea
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epinephrine ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Subgroup analysis ,alliedhealth ,cardiac arrest ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Placebo ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,medicine ,Emergency medical services ,Medical technology ,Humans ,R855-855.5 ,adrenaline ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Health services research ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,health ,Odds ratio ,Confidence interval ,Emergency medicine ,Quality of Life ,placebo ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,business ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Adrenaline has been used as a treatment for cardiac arrest for many years, despite uncertainty about its effects on long-term outcomes and concerns that it may cause worse neurological outcomes. Objectives The objectives were to evaluate the effects of adrenaline on survival and neurological outcomes, and to assess the cost-effectiveness of adrenaline use. Design This was a pragmatic, randomised, allocation-concealed, placebo-controlled, parallel-group superiority trial and economic evaluation. Costs are expressed in Great British pounds and reported in 2016/17 prices. Setting This trial was set in five NHS ambulance services in England and Wales. Participants Adults treated for an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were included. Patients were ineligible if they were pregnant, if they were aged Interventions Participants were randomised to either adrenaline (1 mg) or placebo in a 1 : 1 allocation ratio by the opening of allocation-concealed treatment packs. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was survival to 30 days. The secondary outcomes were survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, survival at 3, 6 and 12 months, neurological outcomes and health-related quality of life through to 6 months. The economic evaluation assessed the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained from the perspective of the NHS and Personal Social Services. Participants, clinical teams and those assessing patient outcomes were masked to the treatment allocation. Results From December 2014 to October 2017, 8014 participants were assigned to the adrenaline (n = 4015) or to the placebo (n = 3999) arm. At 30 days, 130 out of 4012 participants (3.2%) in the adrenaline arm and 94 out of 3995 (2.4%) in the placebo arm were alive (adjusted odds ratio for survival 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.97). For secondary outcomes, survival to hospital admission was higher for those receiving adrenaline than for those receiving placebo (23.6% vs. 8.0%; adjusted odds ratio 3.83, 95% confidence interval 3.30 to 4.43). The rate of favourable neurological outcome at hospital discharge was not significantly different between the arms (2.2% vs. 1.9%; adjusted odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.68). The pattern of improved survival but no significant improvement in neurological outcomes continued through to 6 months. By 12 months, survival in the adrenaline arm was 2.7%, compared with 2.0% in the placebo arm (adjusted odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.92). An adjusted subgroup analysis did not identify significant interactions. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for adrenaline was estimated at £1,693,003 per quality-adjusted life-year gained over the first 6 months after the cardiac arrest event and £81,070 per quality-adjusted life-year gained over the lifetime of survivors. Additional economic analyses estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for adrenaline at £982,880 per percentage point increase in overall survival and £377,232 per percentage point increase in neurological outcomes over the first 6 months after the cardiac arrest. Limitations The estimate for survival with a favourable neurological outcome is imprecise because of the small numbers of patients surviving with a good outcome. Conclusions Adrenaline improved long-term survival, but there was no evidence that it significantly improved neurological outcomes. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life-year exceeds the threshold of £20,000–30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year usually supported by the NHS. Future work Further research is required to better understand patients’ preferences in relation to survival and neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and to aid interpretation of the trial findings from a patient and public perspective. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73485024 and EudraCT 2014-000792-11. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 25. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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- 2021
17. The efficacy and usability of suction-based airway clearance devices for foreign body airway obstruction: a manikin randomised crossover trial
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Gavin D. Perkins, Keith Couper, Chen Ji, Ho Tsun Tang, and Emma Patterson
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Suction (medicine) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Anti-choking device ,Specialties of internal medicine ,law.invention ,Abdominal thrusts ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Randomised controlled trial ,Simulation and Education ,Choking ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Airway obstruction ,medicine.disease ,R1 ,Crossover study ,RC581-951 ,Physical therapy ,Foreign body ,business ,RA ,Simulation ,RC ,Basic life support - Abstract
Background:\ud Newly-developed suction-based airway clearance devices potentially provide a novel way to improve outcome in patients with foreign body airway obstruction. We conducted a randomised controlled crossover manikin trial to compare the efficacy and usability of two of these devices with abdominal thrusts.\ud \ud Methods:\ud We randomised participants from a UK medical school to one of six groups which determined the order in which participants attempted the three techniques (abdominal thrusts; LifeVac, Nesconset, New York, USA; Dechoker, Concord North Carolina, USA). Randomisation was performed using an online randomisation system. Following brief training, participants sought to remove a foreign body airway obstruction from a manikin using the allocated technique. The primary outcome was successful removal of the foreign body. Usability was assessed in a questionnaire following the three simulations.\ud \ud Results:\ud We randomised and analysed data from 90 participants (58% male; 86% aged 18−29 years). Compared with abdominal thrusts, successful foreign body airway obstruction removal was achieved more frequently in manikins in the LifeVac group (odds ratio 47.32, 95% CI 5.75–389.40) but not in the Dechoker group (odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 0.60–2.47). The usability of LifeVac and abdominal thrusts were generally evaluated more positively than the Dechoker.\ud \ud Conclusion:\ud In this manikin study, we found that, compared with abdominal thrusts, the success rate for foreign body airway obstruction removal was higher in the LifeVac group but not in the Dechoker group.
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- 2021
18. Correction to: Rehabilitation Exercise and psycholoGical support After covid-19 InfectioN’ (REGAIN): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Beatriz Lara, Christina Jones, Ranjit Lall, James Mason, Jonathan Guck, Sharisse Alleyne, Stuart Ennis, Martin Underwood, Elaine Fairbrother, Harbinder Sandhu, David McWilliams, Gordon McGregor, Chen Ji, Joyce Yeung, Julie Bruce, Bartholomew Sheehan, Peter J Heine, Emma Padfield, Jessica L Smith, Rachel Potter, and Kate Seers
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lcsh:R5-920 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,Correction ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Mental health ,law.invention ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Informed consent ,Severity of illness ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Anxiety ,Pharmacology (medical) ,medicine.symptom ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
The primary objective is to determine which of two interventions: 1) an eight week, online, home-based, supervised, group rehabilitation programme (REGAIN); or 2) a single online session of advice (best-practice usual care); is the most clinically and cost-effective treatment for people with ongoing COVID-19 sequelae more than three months after hospital discharge. Multi-centre, 2-arm (1:1 ratio) parallel group, randomised controlled trial with embedded process evaluation and health economic evaluation. Adults with ongoing COVID-19 sequelae more than three months after hospital discharge Inclusion criteria: 1) Adults ≥18 years; 2) ≥ 3 months after any hospital discharge related to COVID-19 infection, regardless of need for critical care or ventilatory support; 3) substantial (as defined by the participant) COVID-19 related physical and/or mental health problems; 4) access to, and able/supported to use email and internet audio/video; 4) able to provide informed consent; 5) able to understand spoken and written English, Bengali, Gujarati, Urdu, Punjabi or Mandarin, themselves or supported by family/friends. Exclusion criteria: 1) exercise contraindicated; 2) severe mental health problems preventing engagement; 3) previous randomisation in the present study; 4) already engaged in, or planning to engage in an alternative NHS rehabilitation programme in the next 12 weeks; 5) a member of the same household previously randomised in the present study. Intervention 1: The Rehabilitation Exercise and psycholoGical support After covid-19 InfectioN (REGAIN) programme: an eight week, online, home-based, supervised, group rehabilitation programme. Intervention 2: A thirty-minute, on-line, one-to-one consultation with a REGAIN practitioner (best-practice usual care). The primary outcome is health-related quality of life (HRQoL) – PROMIS® 29+2 Profile v2.1 (PROPr) – measured at three months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include dyspnoea, cognitive function, health utility, physical activity participation, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, work status, health and social care resource use, death - measured at three, six and 12 months post-randomisation. Participants will be randomised to best practice usual care or the REGAIN programme on a 1:1.03 basis using a computer-generated randomisation sequence, performed by minimisation and stratified by age, level of hospital care, and case level mental health symptomatology. Once consent and baseline questionnaires have been completed by the participant online at home, randomisation will be performed automatically by a bespoke web-based system. To ensure allocation concealment from both participant and REGAIN practitioner at baseline, randomisation will be performed only after the baseline questionnaires have been completed online at home by the participant. After randomisation has been performed, participants and REGAIN practitioners cannot be blind to group allocation. Follow-up outcome assessments will be completed by participants online at home. A total of 535 participants will be randomised: 263 to the best-practice usual care arm, and 272 participants to the REGAIN programme arm. Current protocol: Version 3.0 (27th October 2020) Recruitment will begin in December 2020 and is anticipated to complete by September 2021. ISRCTN:11466448 , 23rd November 2020 The full protocol Version 3.0 (27th October 2020) is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interests of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines.
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- 2021
19. Molten Ga-Pd alloy catalyzed interfacial growth of graphene on dielectric substrates
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Chen Ji, JiaXin Ding, Zhiyuan Shi, Boxiang Gao, Mingjiang Jin, Chao Zhang, Guanghui Yu, Hongyan Zhu, and Tianru Wu
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Materials science ,Fabrication ,Graphene ,Alloy ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Dielectric ,Substrate (electronics) ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallinity ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Silicon carbide ,engineering ,Carbon - Abstract
Direct growth of graphene on insulating substrate is highly desired for practical applications in two-dimensional electronics and optoelectronics. However, the controllable synthesis of large scale graphene films on dielectrics is still limited in thickness and crystallinity by the absence of catalyst. Here we develop a transfer-free method to synthesize continuous graphene films on various insulating substrates by using molten Ga-Pd alloy and silicon carbide (SiC) as catalyst and carbon source. The catalytic Ga-Pd alloy induces the decomposition of Si C bonds and promotes the formation of C-C sp2 at relatively low temperature around 1000 °C. The suitable carbon solubility of Ga-Pd alloy could also promote the fabrication of few-layer graphene films on the interface between alloy and SiC substrate as well as the upper surface of alloy. Furthermore, this strategy could be extended to the interfacial growth of graphene on other dielectrics by simply placing the substrate face down to the surface of molten alloy. The progress of this work may help to understand the mechanism of molten Ga-Pd alloy catalyzed interfacial growth of transfer-free graphene and benefit the application of graphene-based electronics and photonics in the future.
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- 2022
20. Graphene-Driven Metadevice for Active Microwave Camouflage with High-Efficiency Transmission Window
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Jianing Yang, Cheng Huang, Liming Yuan, Chen Ji, and Xiangang Luo
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Materials science ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,business.industry ,Graphene ,law ,Camouflage ,Window (computing) ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,business ,Microwave ,law.invention - Abstract
The general method to achieve electromagnetic (EM) invisibility is to use absorbing materials that can reduce the backscattering microwave signals. However, they will influence the transmission of useful signals, and their passive operation mode also blocks the realization of active camouflage systems. Here, the authors propose an electrically tunable metadevice which can dynamically manipulate the reflection magnitude and realize high-efficiency transmission at two distinctive frequency bands. Such a metadevice is driven by graphene sandwich structure integrated with multi-layer metasurface. By electrically controlling the sheet resistance of graphene, the authors have experimentally verified that the metadevice can tune the reflection magnitude from -5 to -20 dB over a wide frequency band of 5-15 GHz, and meanwhile realize a high transparent EM window with 3-dB transmission band covering from 23 to 25 GHz. The operation mechanism is discussed by examining the electric field distribution and also employing an equivalent circuit model to analyze the input impedance. Furthermore, using the developed metadevice, the authors still demonstrate its dynamical camouflaging performance and application potential as an antenna radome by experiment. The finding in this study is expected to trigger great interest in adaptive camouflage, stealth radome, and multifunctional EM manipulation fields.
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- 2020
21. Long term outcomes of participants in the PARAMEDIC2 randomised trial of adrenaline in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
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Charles D. Deakin, Ranjit Lall, Lyndsey O’Shea, Nigel Rees, Rachael T Fothergill, Charlotte Scomparin, Kirstie L. Haywood, Helen Pocock, Simon Gates, Gavin D. Perkins, Scott Regan, Jerry P. Nolan, John Long, Chen Ji, and Tom Quinn
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Epinephrine ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Emergency Nursing ,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ,Placebo ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Modified Rankin Scale ,Internal medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine ,Humans ,Cognitive decline ,Mini–Mental State Examination ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Odds ratio ,Emergency Medicine ,Quality of Life ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest - Abstract
Aims We recently reported early outcomes in patients enrolled in a randomised trial of adrenaline in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the PARAMEDIC2 (Prehospital Assessment of the Role of Adrenaline: Measuring the Effectiveness of Drug Administration in Cardiac Arrest) trial. The purpose of the present paper is to report long-term survival, quality of life, functional and cognitive outcomes at 3, 6 and 12-months. Methods PARAMEDIC2 was a pragmatic, individually randomised, double blind, controlled trial with an economic evaluation. Patients were randomised to either adrenaline or placebo. This paper reports results on the modified Rankin Scale scores at 6-months, survival at 6 and 12-months, as well as other cognitive, functional and quality of life outcomes collected at 3 and 6 months (Two Simple Questions, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline Evaluation for Cardiac Arrest, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, Short-Form 12-item Health Survey and the EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L). Results 8014 patients were randomised with confirmed trial drug administration. At 6-months, 78 (2.0%) of the patients in the adrenaline group and 58 (1.5%) of patients in the placebo group had a favourable neurological outcome (adjusted odds ratio 1.35 [95% confidence interval: 0.93, 1.97]). 117 (2.9%) patients were alive at 6-months in the adrenaline group compared with 86 (2.2%) in the placebo group (1.43 [1.05, 1.96], reducing to 107 (2.7%) and 80 (2.0%) respectively at 12-months (1.38 [1.00, 1.92]). Measures of 3 and 6-month cognitive, functional and quality of life outcomes were reduced, but there was no strong evidence of differences between groups. Conclusion Adrenaline improved survival through to 12-months follow-up. The study did not find evidence of improvements in favourable neurological outcomes. (ISCRTN 73485024)
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- 2020
22. RECOVERY- Respiratory Support: Respiratory Strategies for patients with suspected or proven COVID-19 respiratory failure; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, High-flow Nasal Oxygen, and standard care: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Ranjit Lall, Keith Couper, Judy Bradley, Ellen Gorman, Paul Dark, Gavin D. Perkins, Anthony De Soyza, J Kenneth Baillie, Joyce Yeung, Alasdair Gray, Louisa Hamilton, Scott Regan, Anita K. Simonds, Nicola McGowan, Emily Stimpson, Emma Skilton, Daniel F. McAuley, Nicholas Hart, Bronwen Connolly, Nigel Stallard, and Chen Ji
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Letter ,high-flow nasal oxygen ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,oxygen inhalation therapy ,medicine.disease_cause ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Fraction of inspired oxygen ,Oxygen therapy ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Continuous positive airway pressure ,protocol ,Mechanical ventilation ,Randomised controlled trial ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Tracheal intubation ,COVID-19 ,respiratory system ,respiratory tract diseases ,Respiratory failure ,Emergency medicine ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,RA ,Nasal cannula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,continuous positive airway pressure ,RC - Abstract
Objective The trial objective is to determine if Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) or High-Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) is clinically effective compared to standard oxygen therapy in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Trial design Adaptive (group-sequential), parallel group, pragmatic, superiority randomised controlled, open-label, multi-centre, effectiveness trial. Participants The trial is being conducted across approximately 60 hospitals across England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Inpatients at participating hospitals are eligible to participate if they have respiratory failure with suspected or proven COVID-19, and meet all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: 1) Adults ≥ 18 years; 2) Admitted to hospital with suspected or proven COVID-19; 3) Receiving oxygen with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥0.4 and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤94%; and 4) Plan for escalation to tracheal intubation if needed. Exclusion criteria: 1) Planned tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation imminent within 1 hour; 2) Known or clinically apparent pregnancy; 3) Any absolute contraindication to CPAP or HFNO; 4) Decision not to intubate due to ceiling of treatment or withdrawal of treatment anticipated; and 5) Equipment for both CPAP and HFNO not available. Intervention and comparator Intervention one: Continuous positive airway pressure delivered by any device. Set-up and therapy titration is not protocolised and is delivered in accordance with clinical discretion. Intervention two: High-flow nasal oxygen delivered by any device. Set-up and therapy titration is not protocolised and is delivered in accordance with clinical discretion. Comparator group: Standard care- oxygen delivered by face mask or nasal cannula (excluding the use of continuous positive airway pressure or high-flow nasal oxygen). Set-up and therapy titration is not protocolised and is delivered in accordance with clinical discretion. Intervention delivery continues up to the point of death, tracheal intubation, or clinical determination that there is no ongoing need (palliation or improvement). Main outcomes The primary outcome is a composite outcome comprising tracheal intubation or mortality within 30 days following randomisation. Secondary outcomes include tracheal intubation rate, time to tracheal intubation, duration of invasive ventilation, mortality rate, time to mortality, length of hospital stay, and length of critical care stay. Randomisation Participants are randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either continuous positive airway pressure, high-flow nasal oxygen or standard care. Due to the challenging environment of study delivery, a specific intervention may not always be available at the hospital site. The study uses two integrated randomisation systems to allow, where required, the site to randomise between all three interventions, between CPAP and standard care, and between HFNO and standard care. System integration ensures maintenance of balance between interventions. Randomisation is performed using a telephone-based interactive voice response system to maintain allocation concealment. The randomisation sequence was computer-generated using the minimisation method. Participant randomisation is stratified by site, gender (M/F), and age (=50 years). Blinding (masking) The nature of the trial interventions precludes blinding of the researcher, patient and clinical team. Primary and secondary outcomes are all objective outcomes, thereby minimising the risk of detection bias. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) 4002 participants (1334 to be randomized to each of the three study arms) Trial Status Current protocol: Version 4.0, 29th May 2020. Recruitment began on April 6, 2020 and is anticipated to be complete by April 5, 2021. The trial has been awarded Urgent Public Health status by the National Institute of Health Research on 13th April 2020. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN16912075. Registered 6th April 2020, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16912075 Full protocol The full protocol (version 4.0, 29th May 2020) is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).
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- 2020
23. The influence of time to adrenaline administration in the Paramedic 2 randomised controlled trial
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Charlotte Scomparin, Gavin D. Perkins, Chen Ji, Rachael T Fothergill, Ranjit Lall, Simon Gates, Nigel Rees, Lyndsey O’Shea, Jerry P. Nolan, Helen Pocock, Imogen Gunson, Charles D. Deakin, Judith Finn, Claire Kenna, and Tom Quinn
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,Resuscitation ,Epinephrine ,Original ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Allied Health Personnel ,Return of spontaneous circulation ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Placebo ,RS ,law.invention ,Adrenaline ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,Timing ,Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,Wales ,business.industry ,Drugs ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Odds ratio ,Cardiac arrest ,medicine.disease ,QP ,R1 ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,otherhospital ,3. Good health ,Advanced life support ,England ,030228 respiratory system ,Anesthesia ,Ventricular fibrillation ,business ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ,RC - Abstract
Purpose To examine the time to drug administration in patients with a witnessed cardiac arrest enrolled in the Pre-Hospital Assessment of the Role of Adrenaline: Measuring the Effectiveness of Drug Administration in Cardiac Arrest (PARAMEDIC2) randomised controlled trial. Methods The PARAMEDIC2 trial was undertaken across 5 NHS ambulance services in England and Wales with randomisation between December 2014 and October 2017. Patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were unresponsive to initial resuscitation attempts were randomly assigned to 1 mg intravenous adrenaline or matching placebo according to treatment packs that were identical apart from treatment number. Participants and study staff were masked to treatment allocation. Results 8016 patients were enrolled, 4902 sustained a witnessed cardiac arrest of whom 2437 received placebo and 2465 received adrenaline. The odds of return of spontaneous circulation decreased in both groups over time but at a greater rate in the placebo arm odds ratio (OR) 0.93 (95% CI 0.92–0.95) compared with the adrenaline arm OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.95–0.97); interaction OR: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.005. By contrast, although the rate of survival and favourable neurological outcome decreased as time to treatment increased, the rates did not differ between the adrenaline and placebo groups. Conclusion The rate of return of spontaneous circulation, survival and favourable neurological outcomes decrease over time. As time to drug treatment increases, adrenaline increases the chances of return of spontaneous circulation. Longer term outcomes were not affected by the time to adrenaline administration. (ISRCTN73485024). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-019-05836-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2020
24. Bayesian group sequential designs for phase III emergency medicine trials: a case study using the PARAMEDIC2 trial
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Nigel Stallard, Elizabeth G. Ryan, Gavin D. Perkins, Ranjit Lall, Chen Ji, and Simon Gates
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epinephrine ,Bayesian probability ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Phase (combat) ,law.invention ,Placebos ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Frequentist inference ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Computer Simulation ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sympathomimetics ,QA ,Bayesian design, Group sequential design, Interim analysis, Cardiac arrest, Randomised controlled trials, Monitoring, Phase III ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Early stopping ,business.industry ,Methodology ,Bayes Theorem ,Multiple-criteria decision analysis ,Interim analysis ,3. Good health ,Survival Rate ,Sample size determination ,Research Design ,Case-Control Studies ,Sample Size ,Emergency medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest - Abstract
Background Phase III trials often require large sample sizes, leading to high costs and delays in clinical decision-making. Group sequential designs can improve trial efficiency by allowing for early stopping for efficacy and/or futility and thus may decrease the sample size, trial duration and associated costs. Bayesian approaches may offer additional benefits by incorporating previous information into the analyses and using decision criteria that are more practically relevant than those used in frequentist approaches. Frequentist group sequential designs have often been used for phase III studies, but the use of Bayesian group sequential designs is less common. The aim of this work was to explore how Bayesian group sequential designs could be constructed for phase III trials conducted in emergency medicine. Methods The PARAMEDIC2 trial was a phase III randomised controlled trial that compared the use of adrenaline to placebo in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients on 30-day survival rates. It used a frequentist group sequential design to allow early stopping for efficacy or harm. We constructed several alternative Bayesian group sequential designs and studied their operating characteristics via simulation. We then virtually re-executed the trial by applying the Bayesian designs to the PARAMEDIC2 data to demonstrate what might have happened if these designs had been used in practice. Results We produced three alternative Bayesian group sequential designs, each of which had greater than 90% power to detect the target treatment effect. A Bayesian design which performed interim analyses every 500 patients recruited produced the lowest average sample size. Using the alternative designs, the PARAMEDIC2 trial could have declared adrenaline superior for 30-day survival with approximately 1500 fewer patients. Conclusions Using the PARAMEDIC2 trial as a case study, we demonstrated how Bayesian group sequential designs can be constructed for phase III emergency medicine trials. The Bayesian framework enabled us to obtain efficient designs using decision criteria based on the probability of benefit or harm. It also enabled us to incorporate information from previous studies on the treatment effect via the prior distributions. We recommend the wider use of Bayesian approaches in phase III clinical trials. Trial registration PARAMEDIC2 Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN73485024. Registered 13 March 2014, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN73485024
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- 2020
25. Combining FSS and EBG Surfaces for High-Efficiency Transmission and Low-Scattering Properties
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Jiakun Song, Xiaoyu Wu, Xiangang Luo, Chen Ji, and Cheng Huang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Scattering ,business.industry ,Metamaterial ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Radome ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Polarization (waves) ,law.invention ,Planar ,Optics ,Surface wave ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Insertion loss ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Wideband ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
In this communication, we propose a method to achieve high-efficiency transmission and wideband scattering reduction at two distinctive frequency bands by combining frequency-selective surface (FSS) and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surface. Such FSS-EBG surface is composed of two-layered metallic patterns. The bottom FSS layer works as a filter for allowing in-band signal to pass and reflecting out-of-band signal, while the top EBG layer adopts 0 and $\pi $ reflection phase cells with a chessboard distribution to reduce the backward scattering wave. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the planar and cylindrical surfaces are, respectively, designed to verify such two functionalities. Our FSS-EBG surface can make the antenna signal transmit at S-band with small insertion loss and simultaneously provide wideband low-scattering property at X–Ku band, which is suitable to be used as the stealth antenna radome. In addition, the possibility of integrating polarization conversion function into the passing band is numerically demonstrated.
- Published
- 2018
26. Modulation Bandwidth Enhancement in Distributed Reflector Laser Based on Identical Active Layer Approach
- Author
-
Lu Guo, Ruikang Zhang, Zhengliang Ren, Dan Lu, Yongguang Huang, Qiang Kan, Wei Wang, Yuanfeng Mao, Chen Ji, and Hao Wang
- Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics ,Fabrication ,Materials science ,detuned-loading ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,Grating ,law.invention ,Semiconductor laser theory ,Modulation bandwidth ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:QC350-467 ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Distributed reflector laser ,business.industry ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,lcsh:TA1501-1820 ,photon-photon resonance ,Distributed Bragg reflector ,Laser ,modulation bandwidth ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Active layer ,Optoelectronics ,business ,identical active layer ,lcsh:Optics. Light - Abstract
We demonstrate a distributed reflector (DR) laser with the distributed feedback (DFB) section and the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) section sharing the same multiple-quantum-well structure. The DR laser exhibits a stable dynamic single-longitudinal mode characteristic. A direct modulation bandwidth of 27 GHz is obtained through the detuned-loading effect and photon–photon resonance effect. The fabrication process of the DR laser is simplified due to the identical active layer structure and the uniform grating in the DFB and DBR sections.
- Published
- 2018
27. Experimental and modeling study of RDX in a novel continuous dryer
- Author
-
Lei Quanhu, Chen Ji, Kang Chao, Chen Song, Gaoxing Zou, Zhang Liang, Zhang Yaoxuan, Yang Yi, Li Meng, Houhe Chen, and Zhilong Luo
- Subjects
Imagination ,Materials science ,Chemical substance ,Moisture ,020209 energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,Tray ,Magazine ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Mass transfer ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Curve fitting ,Composite material ,Science, technology and society ,media_common - Abstract
The drying of energetic materials is an essential and hazardous process involving complicated heat and mass transfer. In this paper, the drying properties of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) are investigated using a novel developed continuous dryer which can be applied for the drying of both hazardous powders and ordinary powders. The results reveal that a distinct falling rate period occurs following a short increasing rate period with no any constant rate drying period, greatly shortening the drying time. Ten different thin-drying mathematical models are tested by the drying curve fitting and Midilli-Kucuk model with the higher R, EF and the lower MBE, RMSE and χ 2 is selected as the most adequate model for describing the thin layer drying of RDX. Effective moisture diffusivities are in the range of 3.16 × 10−8–3.46 × 10−8 m2/s. It is confirmed that drying monitoring values are well inside the security perimeter with lower temperature (less than 90 °C), electrostatic charge (at a desired level) and dust (reduced by 85.6%). Compared to the original static tray drying, the continuous drying of RDX in the novel dryer exhibits a great superiority for energy saving and cost saving with the falls of 59.7% and 13.7% respectively.
- Published
- 2017
28. A 1.3-μm four-channel directly modulated laser array fabricated by SAG-Upper-SCH technology
- Author
-
Ruikang Zhang, Dan Lu, Mengdie Sun, Songtao Liu, Chen Ji, Fei Guo, and Qiang Kan
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Single-mode optical fiber ,Heterojunction ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Wavelength ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Directly modulated laser ,Communication channel - Abstract
A monolithically integrated four-channel directly modulated laser (DML) array working at the 1.3-μm band is demonstrated. The laser was manufactured by using the techniques of selective area growth (SAG) of the upper separate confinement heterostructure (Upper-SCH) and modified butt-joint method. The fabricated device showed stable single mode operation with the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) >35 dB, and high wavelength accuracy with the deviations from the linear fitted values 7 GHz was obtained, which may be suitable for 40 GbE applications in the 1.3-μm band.
- Published
- 2017
29. Broadband and Tunable RCS Reduction using High-order Reflections and Salisbury-type Absorption Mechanisms
- Author
-
Xiangang Luo, Jiakun Song, Jianing Yang, Cheng Huang, Changlei Zhang, Xiaoyu Wu, and Chen Ji
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Radar cross-section ,Materials science ,Science ,Plane wave ,Grating ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Optics ,law ,Broadband ,Sheet resistance ,Salisbury screen ,Multidisciplinary ,Graphene ,Scattering ,business.industry ,Electrical and electronic engineering ,Applied physics ,030104 developmental biology ,Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In this paper, a broadband and tunable radar cross section (RCS) reduction structure is proposed by using the hybrid physical mechanism that is based on high-order reflections and Salisbury-type absorption. Our design combines the high-index grating structure with a traditional Salisbury screen in which the lossy sheet is made of a graphene structure. When it is illuminated by a plane wave with normal incidence, the Salisbury screen can absorb the incoming wave, and the introducing high-index grating structure could further reduce the backward scattering wave by generating high-order reflection beams, which broadens the RCS reduction bandwidth. In addition, the RCS reduction level can be dynamically controlled by tuning the surface resistance of the graphene layer. Simulated results show that the proposed structure can realize tunable RCS reduction between 4.1 and 18 GHz under normal incidence with different graphene resistances. Experimental results are in accordance with those of the simulation results. In addition, the scattering field distributions and the plots of surface power loss density have been illustrated to analyze the RCS-reduction mechanism of our structure.
- Published
- 2018
30. Multifunctional and Tunable Radar Absorber Based on Graphene‐Integrated Active Metasurface
- Author
-
Liming Yuan, Jinqiang Peng, Bo Zhao, Cheng Huang, Xiangang Luo, and Chen Ji
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Radar ,business ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
31. Back Cover: Graphene‐Driven Metadevice for Active Microwave Camouflage with High‐Efficiency Transmission Window (Small Methods 2/2021)
- Author
-
Jianing Yang, Cheng Huang, Chen Ji, Liming Yuan, and Xiangang Luo
- Subjects
Materials science ,Cover (telecommunications) ,Graphene ,business.industry ,Window (computing) ,General Chemistry ,law.invention ,Transmission (telecommunications) ,law ,Camouflage ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,business ,Microwave - Published
- 2021
32. Graphene‐Integrated Reconfigurable Metasurface for Independent Manipulation of Reflection Magnitude and Phase
- Author
-
Chen Ji, Cheng Huang, Xiangang Luo, Jianming Liao, Jinqiang Peng, and Liming Yuan
- Subjects
Reflection Magnitude ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Graphene ,law ,Phase (waves) ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
33. Joint angle and polarization parameter estimation for the new designed bistatic multiple-input multiple-output radar with long dipoles and large loops
- Author
-
Xiao Shun-ping, Chen Ji-Yuan, Xie Qian-Peng, and Pan Xiao-Yi
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,Estimation theory ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Polarization (waves) ,Multiple input ,law.invention ,Bistatic radar ,Dipole ,Optics ,law ,Joint angle ,Radar ,business - Published
- 2021
34. Low-Cost AWG-Based Fundamental Frequency Mode-Locked Semiconductor Laser for Multichannel Synchronous Ultrashort Pulse Generation
- Author
-
Qiang Kan, Wei Wang, Dan Lu, Xilin Zhang, Ruikang Zhang, Lingjuan Zhao, Songtao Liu, and Chen Ji
- Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics ,synchronized multichannel mode-locked lasers ,Materials science ,semiconductor lasers ,02 engineering and technology ,photonic integrated circuits ,law.invention ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Optics ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Chirp ,lcsh:QC350-467 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Optical amplifier ,arrayed waveguide grating ,business.industry ,Photonic integrated circuit ,lcsh:TA1501-1820 ,Saturable absorption ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Arrayed waveguide grating ,Active-passive integration ,Optoelectronics ,Semiconductor optical gain ,Photonics ,business ,Ultrashort pulse ,lcsh:Optics. Light - Abstract
We report a low-cost arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) based mode-locked semiconductor laser designed for multichannel synchronous ultrashort pulse generation. Both the fabrication process and chip characterization results are discussed in detail. By deploying a bundle active–passive photonic integration technique, only one regrowth step is required to monolithically integrate a semiconductor optical amplifier array, an AWG, and a common saturable absorber on a single InP substrate. Combined with a shallow ridge waveguide structure common for both active and passive sections and formed in a single dry etching process, our process allows the fabrication of the monolithic photonic integrated circuit chip in a much simplified process. The fabricated device demonstrated multichannel mode-locking operation at a repetition frequency of 4.1 GHz in a fundamental mode-locking regime under both passive mode-locking and synchronous hybrid mode-locking conditions. Timing jitter as low as 1 ps was obtained, and preliminary pulse chirping characteristics were analyzed by a frequency-resolved optical gating technique. The exhibited performance makes our device a promising candidate as a multichannel ultrashort pulse optical source for future cost-effective high-speed optical networking and signal processing applications .
- Published
- 2016
35. Single-section mode-locked 1.55-μm InAs/InP quantum dot lasers grown by MOVPE
- Author
-
Hai-Ming Ji, Dan Lu, Shuai Luo, Tao Yang, Feng Gao, Chen Ji, and Songtao Liu
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Pulse duration ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Pulse (physics) ,010309 optics ,Laser linewidth ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Optics ,Quantum dot ,Pulse compression ,law ,Quantum dot laser ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business - Abstract
We report on ultra-short pulse single-section mode-locked lasers emitting at 1.55 μm, based on self-assembled InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dot active regions grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). For a 1.5-mm-long Fabry-Perot laser, mode-locking at a repetition rate of 29.8 GHz with pulse duration of 855 fs is obtained without any external pulse compression techniques. The mode-beating exhibits a narrow RF linewidth less than 30 kHz, and a wide frequency tuning range up to 73 MHz can be achieved by simply changing the injection current. Moreover, a higher repetition rate of 55.6 GHz and the transform limited Gaussian-pulse with the 707 fs pulse duration are achieved from a device with a shorter cavity length of 0.8 mm.
- Published
- 2016
36. Ultrashort Pulse and High Power Mode-Locked Laser With Chirped InAs/InP Quantum Dot Active Layers
- Author
-
Tao Yang, Chen Ji, Feng Xu, Hai-Ming Ji, Songtao Liu, Feng Gao, Shuai Luo, Dan Lu, and Zun-Ren Lv
- Subjects
Materials science ,Optical fiber ,business.industry ,Pulse duration ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser ,Epitaxy ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,law ,Quantum dot laser ,Quantum dot ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Chirp ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
We demonstrate an ultrashort pulse and high power single-section mode-locked laser using chirped multiple InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) layers as the active region of the laser. The chirped QD active region consists of seven layers of InAs QDs of different heights, which is beneficial in broadening the material gain spectrum. A transform-limited Gaussian pulse with a pulse duration of 322 fs is obtained from a device of 1 mm in length. Moreover, the femtosecond pulse with highest peak power of 6.8 W is achieved for the 45.5-GHz mode-locked laser. These results show the potential of the mode-locked laser for femtosecond pulse generation with high peak power and high repetition rate in the 1.55- $\mu \text{m}$ wavelength band.
- Published
- 2016
37. AWG-Based Monolithic <tex-math notation='LaTeX'>$4 \times 12$ </tex-math> GHz Multichannel Harmonically Mode-Locked Laser
- Author
-
Weixi Chen, Lianxue Zhang, Lingjuan Zhao, Wei Wang, Huitao Wang, Dan Lu, Mengdie Sun, R.G. Broeke, Chen Ji, and Songtao Liu
- Subjects
Optical amplifier ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Saturable absorption ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Arrayed waveguide grating ,law.invention ,Laser linewidth ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Optics ,law ,Wavelength-division multiplexing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Channel spacing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Photonics ,business - Abstract
We report a novel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)-based $4\,\times \,12$ GHz multichannel harmonically mode-locked semiconductor laser operating near 1535 nm, which was realized by monolithically integrating a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) array, a set of passive optical delay lines, an AWG with 400 GHz channel spacing, a saturable absorber, and a common output SOA. Our device layout and fabrication were completed on the European JePPIX InP photonic integration platform, based on the multiproject wafer run foundry approach. We demonstrated four wavelength channels operating in the fifth harmonic mode-locking regime. Channel repetition rate of 12 GHz and 3-dB RF linewidth as narrow as 6 kHz were obtained. The exhibited performance makes our device a very promising candidate as an ultracompact multichannel light source for future hybrid optical time and wavelength division multiplexing, high-speed photonic analog-to-digital conversion, and optical clock recovery applications.
- Published
- 2016
38. Integrated Four-Wavelength DFB Diode Laser Array for Continuous-Wave THz Generation
- Author
-
Song Liang, Fei Guo, Wei Wang, R.G. Broeke, Ruikang Zhang, Songtao Liu, Qiang Kan, Chen Ji, Francisco M. Soares, Shaoyang Tan, Dan Lu, Mengdie Sun, Wu Zhao, and Publica
- Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics ,Optical fiber ,Materials science ,Terahertz radiation ,02 engineering and technology ,law.invention ,Photonic integrated circuits ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Optics ,Mode-beating ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:QC350-467 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Diode ,Optical amplifier ,Semiconductor lasers ,Distributed feedback laser ,business.industry ,lcsh:TA1501-1820 ,Laser ,Terahertz sources ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Photodiode ,Optoelectronics ,Continuous wave ,Heterodyning ,business ,lcsh:Optics. Light - Abstract
We demonstrate a four-wavelength distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser array integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for widely tunable terahertz (THz) mode-beating generation. The InP-based monolithically integrated chip consists of DFB laser diodes, an SOA, and a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. Microheaters and electrode plates are integrated on top of each DFB section for continuous and independent wavelength tuning. By heterodyning the output from the DFB lasers on a Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiode (UTC-PD) integrated antenna, a continuous THz radiation ranging from 0.1 to 2.25 THz was obtained.
- Published
- 2016
39. Impact of graphene interlayer on performance parameters of sandwich structure Pt/GaN Schottky barrier diodes
- Author
-
Peng Gao, T B Wei, Aqdas Fariza, Junxi Wang, Zhaoxian Liu, Junxue Ran, B Y Liu, and Xiao-Chen Ji
- Subjects
Materials science ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,business.industry ,Graphene ,law ,Schottky barrier ,Optoelectronics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,business ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Diode - Published
- 2020
40. Experimental Investigation of the Performance and Spray Characteristics of a Supersonic Two-Phase Flow Ejector with Different Structures
- Author
-
Yanjun Liu, Wei Li, Jingzhi Zhang, Chen Ji, and Shizhen Li
- Subjects
Spray characteristics ,Control and Optimization ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,Flow (psychology) ,Nozzle ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,two-phase ejectors ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,law ,Fire suppression system ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Supersonic speed ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,visualization ,entrainment ratio ,lcsh:T ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,ejector structure ,Mist ,Building and Construction ,Injector ,Mechanics ,spray characteristics ,Two-phase flow ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
A two-phase flow ejector is an important part of a water mist fire suppression system, and these devices have become a popular research topic in recent years. This paper proposes a supersonic ejector that aims to improve the efficiency of water mist fire suppression systems. The effects of ejector geometric parameters on the entrainment ratio (ER) were explored. The effects of primary flow pressure (PP) on the mixing process and flow phenomena were studied by a high-speed camera. The experimental results show that the ER first increases and then decreases with increasing PP. ER increases with increasing ejector area ratio (AR). The PP corresponding to the maximum ER of ejectors with a different nozzle exit position (NXP) is 3.6 bar. The ejector with an NXP of +1 and AR of 6 demonstrate the best performance, and the ER of this ejector reaches 36.29. The spray half-cone angle of the ejector increases with increasing ER, reaching a maximum value of 7.07°, The unstable atomization half-cone angle is mainly due to a two-phase flow pulsating phenomenon. The pulsation period is 10 ms. In the present study, a general rule that provides a reference for ejector design and selection was obtained through experiments.
- Published
- 2020
41. Efficient angle and polarization parameter estimaiton for electromagnetic vector sensors multiple-input multiple-output radar by using sparse array
- Author
-
Pan Xiao-Yi, Xiao Shun-ping, Xie Qian-Peng, and Chen Ji-Yuan
- Subjects
Physics ,Sparse array ,law ,Acoustics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Radar ,Polarization (waves) ,Multiple input ,law.invention - Abstract
In this paper, a new sparse transmitting and receiving array is designed to improve the joint angle and polarization parameter estimation performance for bistatic electromagnetic vector sensors Multiple-Input Multiple-Output radar. Firstly, large array aperture can be obtained with the aid of the sparse transmitting and receiving array. Then, an effective third-order tensor model is constructed in order to make full use of the multidimensional space-time characteristics of output data after matching filtering. And, the Parallel Factor trilinear alternating least square algorithm is proposed to deal with the constructed third-order tensor model, which can yield closed-form automatically paired two dimensional Direction of Departure and two dimensional Direction of Departure estimation without additional angle pair matching process. Furthermore, two sets of high accuracy rotation invariance relationships corresponding to transmit elevation angle and receive elevation angle can be achieved by using the estimated transmit steering vector matrix and receive steering vector matrix. After the accuracy transmit elevation angle and receive angle are obtained, the corresponding transmitting and receiving azimuth angle, polarization angle and polarization phase difference can be accurately estimated by using the vector-cross-product algorithm. Compared with existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm can avoid high dimensional eigenvalue decomposition and additional parameter matching process. Moreover, the high estimation performance of the proposed can be further guaranteed by using the designed sparse array. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in terms of estimation accuracy and angle resolution.
- Published
- 2020
42. Explaining how cognitive behavioral approaches work for low back pain: mediation analysis of the back skills training trial
- Author
-
Zara Hansen, Ranjit Lall, Bethany Fordham, Chen Ji, and Sarah E Lamb
- Subjects
Adult ,Mediation (statistics) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Structural equation modeling ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Goodness of fit ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Avoidance Learning ,Medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,Work (physics) ,Cognition ,Fear ,Low back pain ,Treatment Outcome ,Physical therapy ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Low Back Pain ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Study Design: This is secondary research examining the longitudinal mediation effect within a structural equation model. Objective: To identify possible mechanisms that mediate the effects of a cognitive behavioral approach upon disability and pain in low back pain patients. Summary of Background Data: Cognitive behavioral interventions (CBIs) can improve pain and disability in low back pain (LBP) but the mechanisms of action are unclear. We used data from a large randomized controlled trial to investigate mediators of the treatment effect of CBI. Methods: Pain self-efficacy, fear avoidance, and physical and mental functioning were selected as candidate mediators based on the theoretical rationale of the intervention. The primary treatment outcomes were the Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMDQ) and the modified Von Korff scale (MVK pain and disability) at 12 months. We used structural equation models to estimate the contribution of mediators. All models were tested for goodness-of-fit using χ2, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index, and Bentler Comparative Fit Index. Results: We included 701 adults with LBP. The average RMDQ score at baseline for those on the intervention arm was 8.8 (Standard Deviation 5.0). The intervention was effective in reducing disability and pain at 12 months. Change in mental functioning was not a significant mediator. Changes to pain self-efficacy, fear avoidance, and physical functioning were causal mediators of the treatment effect at 12 months (RMDQ b= –0.149, P < 0.001; MVK-pain b = –0.181, P < 0.001 and MVK-disability b = –0.180, P < 0.001). Overall, the SEM model exceeded the threshold for acceptable goodness-of-fit. Conclusion: Fear avoidance and self-efficacy were important causal mediators of the cognitive behavioral treatment effect. Self-assessed change in physical function was a causal mediator but mental functioning was not. This suggests people need to experience meaningful change in physical function and beliefs but not in mental functioning associated with LBP, to achieve a treatment benefit.
- Published
- 2018
43. Chemisorbed Sulfate-Driven Oscillatory Electro-Oxidation of Thiourea on Gold
- Author
-
Qingyu Gao, Yuemin Zhao, Chen Ji, Changwei Pan, Wenyan Bi, You Jia, and Yuxiu He
- Subjects
Inorganic chemistry ,Oxide ,Electrochemistry ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,General Energy ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Thiourea ,law ,Reversible hydrogen electrode ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Scanning tunneling microscope ,Sulfate ,Voltammetry - Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of thiourea in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS, pH 6.0) was studied, and it was shown in the cyclic voltammogram that sulfate addition results in the appearance of a new current peak at ∼0.90 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), indicating that the sulfate is chemisorbed. Both current and potential oscillations were observed during the electrochemical oxidation of thiourea in the presence of sulfate under potentiostatic and galvanostatic control, respectively. Potential oscillations occurred in two regions of linear current sweep voltammetry. The presence of adsorbed sulfate gives rise to negative differential resistance (NDR) for the positive feedback of oscillations in the first oscillation region. The bursting and period-doubling oscillations in the second region are caused by oxide formation and adsorbed sulfate acting simultaneously as positive feedbacks. A similar chemisorbed sulfate layer was previously observed with scanning tunneling microscopy and surface ...
- Published
- 2015
44. 3D interpenetrating macroporous graphene aerogels with MnO2 coating for supercapacitors
- Author
-
Chang-Jun Cai, Zheng-Jiang Lu, Chen-Chen Ji, Fan Yang, Hua Wei, Shu-Juan Bao, and Hui Chai
- Subjects
Supercapacitor ,Materials science ,Graphene ,Composite number ,Nanotechnology ,engineering.material ,Electrochemistry ,Capacitance ,law.invention ,Coating ,law ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,engineering ,Porosity - Abstract
We report a novel interpenetrating three-dimentional (3D) macroporous graphene aerogels (GAs) composite consisting of MnO2 wrapping for potential supercapacitor applications. In this article, the macroporous GAs holds abundant of interconnected macroporous and has excellent intrinsic high electrical conductivity resulting from the graphene. Therefore, employing the GAs as the substrates to combine with MnO2 will exhibit excellent electronic conductivity and effective ion-transport capability. The 3D macroporous MnO2/GAs composite has a specific capacitance of 200 F g-1. Thus, the corresponding 3D porous hierarchical GAs/MnO2 materials have a great potential to be used in the field of supercapacitors. This strategy could also be used for other materials to improve the performance of supercapacitors.
- Published
- 2015
45. Modulated bandwidth enhancement in an amplified feedback laser
- Author
-
Lu Guo, Hao Wang, Liqiang Yu, Chen Ji, Dan Lu, and Lingjuan Zhao
- Subjects
business.industry ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,Optical communication ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Semiconductor laser theory ,Optics ,law ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Experimental methods ,business ,Transformation optics - Abstract
We report a direct, modulated bandwidth enhancement in a amplified feedback laser (AFL), both experimentally and numerically. By means of fabricated devices, an enhanced ?3??dB bandwidth of 27 GHz with an in-band flatness of ±3??dB is experimentally confirmed at 13?°C. It is numerically confirmed that the modulated bandwidth of the AFL can be enhanced to two times its original bandwidth, with more controlled flexibility to realize a flat, small-signal response.
- Published
- 2015
46. Bistable 1060-nm High-Power Single-Mode DFB Laser Diode
- Author
-
Shaoyang Tan, Ruikang Zhang, Dan Lu, Wei Wang, Mengdie Sun, and Chen Ji
- Subjects
Optical amplifier ,lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics ,Distributed feedback laser ,Materials science ,Bistability ,Laser diode ,Extinction ratio ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,lcsh:TA1501-1820 ,Optical modulation amplitude ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser ,Bistable ,Optics ,Laser diode rate equations ,law ,Optoelectronics ,lcsh:QC350-467 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,DFB laser diode ,lcsh:Optics. Light - Abstract
We report a novel high-power bistable distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser diode operating near 1060 nm, which is realized by inserting a high-bandgap electron barrier layer and a grating layer in a super large optical cavity laser design. Optical and electrical bistable characteristics are both observed for this device. An on-state optical output power of 98 mW and an on-off extinction ratio of 22 dB were demonstrated between the bistable states. A qualitative physical model based on carrier population profile shift is used to explain the switching effect. Optical flip-flop operation was also demonstrated.
- Published
- 2015
47. 1.3-μm multi-wavelength DFB laser array fabricated by mocvd selective area growth
- Author
-
Fei Guo, We Wang, Dan Lu, Chen Ji, and Ruikang Zhang
- Subjects
Distributed feedback laser ,Silicon photonics ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Gigabit Ethernet ,Laser ,Span (engineering) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Wavelength ,Optics ,law ,Optoelectronics ,Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business - Abstract
We report the fabrication of multi-wavelength DFB laser arrays operating around 1.3 μm using a novel MOCVD based selective area growth approach. We show that the DFB laser wavelength can be precisely tuned by adjusting key design parameters including the oxide mask strip width and separation. Stable-single-mode DFB laser array operations are demonstrated with side mode suppression ratio >35 dB and the wavelength span of DFB laser array can arrive at 13.9 nm through optimizing the design parameters. Our process represents a simple and cost effective solution for applications requiring multi-wavelength laser sources covering a wide wavelength span, such as silicon photonic light sources in next generation 100 G Gigabit Ethernet optical systems.
- Published
- 2014
48. Extending the direct modulation bandwidth by mutual injection locking in integrated coupled DFB lasers
- Author
-
Zhengliang Ren, Wei Wang, Yongguang Huang, Qiang Kan, Hao Wang, Chen Ji, Ruikang Zhang, and Mao Yuanfeng
- Subjects
Physics ,Coupling strength ,business.industry ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,02 engineering and technology ,Laser ,law.invention ,Modulation bandwidth ,Injection locking ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Laser mode locking ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
We demonstrate the modulation bandwidth enhancement in integrated coupled DFB lasers. The coupling strength of the dual DFB is tunable duo to a SOA sandwiching in the center. The 3-dB bandwidth is increased from 8.6 GHz to 18.7 GHz under mutual injection locking.
- Published
- 2017
49. SHG-FROG characterization of a novel multichannel synchronized AWG-based mode-locked laser
- Author
-
Lingjuan Zhao, Wei Wang, Dan Lu, R.G. Broeke, Songtao Liu, and Chen Ji
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Photonic integrated circuit ,Physics::Optics ,Second-harmonic generation ,Gating ,Laser ,law.invention ,Arrayed waveguide grating ,Four-wave mixing ,Optics ,Semiconductor ,Mode-locking ,law ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,business - Abstract
We report the second harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) measurements on a monolithically integrated multichannel mode-locked semiconductor laser based on arrayed waveguide grating. Clear phase correlation between synchronized mode-locked channels was demonstrated.
- Published
- 2017
50. Heterogeneous silicon widely-tunable lasers with monolithically integrated high-Q ring
- Author
-
Lingjuan Zhao, Chen Ji, Greg Fish, Erik Norberg, Songtao Liu, Tin Komljenovic, Michael L. Davenport, and John E. Bowers
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Hybrid silicon laser ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ring (chemistry) ,Laser ,law.invention ,Optics ,chemistry ,law ,Wavelength-division multiplexing ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
We present preliminary results on a widely-tunable laser with monolithically integrated high-Q ring based on heterogeneous silicon integration platform. The laser exhibits > 43 nm tuning range with side mode suppression ratio larger than 40 dB in the O-band.
- Published
- 2017
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