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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is considered to be one of the important technologies for a new manufacturing mode. When ceramsite sand is used as a 3DP material to produce a mold (core), the prin...

Background: Infertility is a major problem throughout the world. The cause can be multifactorial ,now a days many couples are seeking medical help for infertility. Hysterosalpingography plays an important role as part of the female infertility workup. A Materials And Methods: retrospective study was done in the department of Radiodiagnosis of a rural tertiary care hospital, Kuppam,India. All patients who were referred for hysterosalpingography study as part of infertility workup between June 2020 and December 2021 to the department of Radiodiagnosis were included in the study. A total of 100 patients are included in the study .Out of Results: 100 HSG examinations 61% were normal and the remaining 39%cases were abnormal .Tubal abnormalities were most common constituting 25% of total cases. Uterine abnormalities were about 14% . Conclusion: HSG is a very useful diagnostic tool in evaluating female infertility occuring due to structural abnormalities of uterus and fallopian tubes, there by aiding in patientsinfertility management. It is lesser invasive and cost effective compared to laparoscopy

Infertility constitutes a global health dilemma, affecting approximately 10–15% of all couples. Although semen analysis constitutes the backbone of the diagnosis of male infertility, the contribution of a plethora of hormonal and nutritional factors cannot be ignored, particularly in the setting of normal semen analysis results. The current study sought to determine how serum levels of Testosterone, Estrogen, Prolactin, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Thyroxine (fT4), folate, and homocysteine differed between male infertility patients and age-matched controls, as well as their effect on sperm parameters in infertile men. Seventy diagnosed cases of male infertility and 70 age-matched controls were recruited after acquiring informed consent from each subject. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for the above hormones and nutritional parameters by using a chemiluminescence-based automated platform. Serum levels of prolactin (P

Introduction: Pancreato-biliary diseases are commonly observed in the population that can have adverse outcome if not diagnosed or managed correctly and in time. It is divided into intraductal and extraductal obstruction. Biliary strictures, choledocholithiasis, malignant strictures as well as conditions such as primary sclerosing cholangitis constitute the most signicant reasons of intraductal obstruction. Extraductal reasons for obstruction consist of compression of biliary channels by neoplasms, cystic duct stones and pancreatitis. Benign as well as malignant biliary obstructions are not easy to distinguish with only imaging clinical correlation is also important. A total of 70 patients were enrolled Methodology: in the study. MRI was done with 3 Tesla GE machine using body coil. T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted sequences were routinely obtained. Examination was performed after the patient has fasted for minimum 4 hours to promote gall bladder lling. Males were Result And Discussion: slightly more in proportion than females (52.86% vs 47.14%) in study, The commonest clinical feature noted in the study was abdominal pain (55.71%), followed by jaundice (17.14%) and epigastric pain in 10% cases. The common ndings noted were calculus cholecystitis (21.43%), cholelithiasis (18.57%), choledocholithiasis (17.14%), IHBR dilatation (15.71%) and benign stricture in (14.29%). Acute and chronic pancreatitis was noted in 8 cases each (11.43% each). Pseudocyst of pancreas and hepatic cysts or abscess was also noted in 10% and 7.14% cases respectively. Overall, 11% of the cases had neoplastic or malignant nding on MRCP assessment. MRCP was found to be 93 % accurate in Conclusion: identifying the pancreaticobiliary disorders with its underlying cause in present study. The present study shows that MRCP is excellent modality of choice for the detecting of pancreaticobiliary pathologies in the symptomatic patients. Thereby helping in quick diagnosis, treatment planning and better prognosis

Oral cancers are the sixth- to eighth- most common cancers worldwide, and account for 30-40% of all malignancies in India. About 80% of these are preceded by potentially malignant conditions like oral leucoplakia. Immune response against tumor cells is initially mediated by the innate immunity, mostly via Natural Killer (NK) cells; presence of CD57+ NK-cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma indicates good prognosis. The present study analyses the comparative expression of CD57+ NK cell in both these conditions. This hospital-based retrospective observational study included 90 parafn-block samples of diagnosed cases of oral leucoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma, which were immunohistochemically evaluated for CD57 expression. Immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients were excluded. Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA were used for analysis, where p

Introduction:- Biliary anatomy and its common and uncommon variations are of considerable clinical signicance when performing living donor transplantation, radiological interventions in hepatobiliary system, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and liver resection (hepatectomy, segmentectomy). Thus, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has become the modality of choice for noninvasive evaluation of abnormalities of the biliary tract. The purpose of this study is to describe the variations of biliary ductal anatomy on MRCP. Material And Method:- Hospital based prospective study for a period of 1 year and 6 months in Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIMSR Bathinda after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and after obtaining their informed written consent. Results:- In our study of the anatomical type of right hepatic duct, A1 type was most commonly found type in 75.2% (n=100) of patients out of which 65% (n= 65) of patients were found to be females and 35% (n=35) were found to be males. Left hepatic duct was found to be A1 type in 100 % of patients out of which 65.4 was females and 34.5 % was males. In our study, cystic duct insertion was found to be right lateral in 78.9% (n=105) of patients out of which 64.8% (n= 68) of patients were found to be females and 35.2% (n=37) were found to be males. Conclusion:-It was noticed that A1 remains the most common type of right hepatic duct but still one should be cautious for other types as they still make for one fourth of cases. Similarly, In case of cystic duct, although Right lateral type was most commonly encountered but since other types were found in nearly one fourth of patients, one should be on active look out for them too

Lymphedema means localized swelling of the limbs, which is caused due to lymphatic system blockage. The sickness is caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune and circulatory systems. Lymph nodes are the prime part of our lymphatic system. Due to cancer, there may be destruction or eradication of lymph nodes, which may manifest as lymphedema. Distension of the arm or leg is the most common symptom, which may be accompanied by pain or discomfort. A blocked lymphatic system that leads to lymphedema, can be treated with lymph drain massage; it consists of manual lymph drainage and drainage with mechanical modalities. One of such mechanical modalities is pneumatic pumps. Pneumatic pumps are compression pumps. They are made up of pneumatic cuffs attached to a pump. Compressed air is used to power them. When used on the affected limb, they force out the excess lymph saturated in that limb by using compressed air. Pneumatic pumps are also being advocated as a supplementary care for patients with venous ulcers as well. Manual lymphatic drainage has been shown to be successful in the treatment of lymphedema; having said that, this procedure won't be able to work for millions of sufferers with lymphedema all over the world

In December 2019, a large outbreak of a novel corona virus infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In humans, corona viruses are among the spectrum of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more severe respiratory diseases specically, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS), which have mortality rates of 10% and 37%, respectively; both SARS and MERS are zoonotic infections. The novel corona virus that was named severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses caused a pneumonia outbreak in China

In laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing, the melt pool (MP) characteristics are key indicators for process and part defects. For example, the laser scan location on the build plate...

Among a variety of additive manufacturing technologies, constrained-surface image-projection-based stereolithography (SLA) technology has unique advantages in printing precision and commercial matu...

As the most commonly used additive manufacturing technology, fused deposition modeling (FDM) still faces some technical issues caused by temperature change-induced unsteady thermal stress and warpi...

Many users relate additive manufacturing (AM) directly with fast and high-quality prototyping and manufacturing. Nevertheless, already within the different printing techniques there are significant...

Current wood-plastic materials available for selective laser sintering (SLS) are limited and often suffer from low-quality and mechanical strength. In this study, a new composite of peanut husk pow...

The fast and high response detection of neurotoxic H2S is of great importance for the environment. In this paper, directly electrospinning technology on the ceramic tube is developed to improve the response of H2S detector based on superlong SnO2 fibers. The submillimeter continuous fibers are deposited directly on ceramic tubes by in-situ electrospinning method and can keep morphology of fibers during calcination. By employing this technology, CuO-doped SnO2 fiber H2S detectors are fabricated, and 10% atom CuO-doped SnO2 H2S detector shows the highest response of 40 toward 1 ​ppm ​H2S at 150 ​°C while the response is only 3.6 for the H2S detector prepared in traditional route. In addition, the in-situ electrospinning H2S detectors show faster response and recovery compared to the H2S detectors fabricated by the conventional way. The high and fast response of H2S detectors based on in-situ electrospinning can be ascribed to the continuous fiber structure and CuO modification. The present in-situ electrospinning technology may provide a new strategy for the development of other gas-detectors and bio-detectors with fast and high response.

A complete denture, consisting of teeth and a gum base, is a standard device used to restore masticatory and esthetic functions in patients with complete edentulism. The different colors and mechan...

There is a great demand for transparent films, membranes, or substrates in the fields of intelligent wearables, electronic skins, air filtration, and tissue engineering. Traditional materials such as glass and plastics cannot satisfy these requirements because of the lack of interconnected pores, undesirable porosity, and flexibility. Electrospun fibrous membranes offset these shortcomings because they contain small pores and have high porosity as well as outstanding flexibility. Thus, the development of transparent electrospun fibrous membranes is of great value. This work reports a simple and effective way to develop flexible and porous transparent fibrous membranes (TFMs) directly from electrospun fibrous membranes via mechanical pressing, without employing any other additives. In addition, the relationship between the transparency performance and the molecular structure of the polymers after pressing was summarized for the first time. After mechanical pressing, the membranes maintained fibrous morphology, micron-sized pores, and desired porosity. Polystyrene fibrous membranes, which exhibited excellent optical and mechanical properties, were used as a reference. The TFMs possessed high transparency (∼89% visible light transmittance at 550 nm), high porosity (10%–30%), and strong mechanical tensile strength (∼148 MPa), nearly 78 times that of the pristine electrospun fibrous membranes. Moreover, this study demonstrated that transparent and conductive membranes can be fabricated based on TFMs using vacuum-assisted filtration of silver nanowires followed by mechanical pressing. Compared with indium tin oxide films, conductive TFMs exhibited good electrical conductivities (9 Ω per square (Ω·sq−1), 78% transmittance at 550 nm) and notable mechanical performance (to bear abundant bending stresses).

A reduced graphene oxide (H-rGO)/TiO2-composite (H-TiO2@rGO) as a catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (Rh B) and methyl orange (MO) was prepared by hydrothermal treating a dispersant of TiO2 nanoparticles with sizes of 5-10 nm and GO obtained by the Hummers method from coal-based graphite in water. Compared with the M-TiO2@GO and M-TiO2@rGO composites by a wet mixing method, results indicated that the TiO2 nanoparticles in H-TiO2@rGO were uniformly decorated on both sides of rGO sheet, forming a stacked-sheet structure while apparent aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles was found in both M-TiO2@GO and M-TiO2@rGO. Therefore, H-rGO@TiO2 had the highest catalytic activity towards degradation of Rh B and MO under visible light irradiation among the three, where the incorporation of rGO into TiO2 helps to narrow the band gap of TiO2, inhibit the recombination rate of electron–hole pairs and provide conductive networks for electron transfer.

Between March 2012 and March 2022, 138 paediatric burns patients under the age of one year were hospitalized and managed at Department of Burns and Plastic surgery at Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Civil Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Out of these patients, 61.59% (n=85) were males and 38.40%(n=53) were females. Aetiology of burns was mostly ame burns, scald burns from water and milk and electrical burns. TBSA (total body surface area) percentage sustained from burn trauma ranged from 1% to 95 %. Flame burns and water scald burns contributed to higher percentage of burns as compared to milk scalds and electrical burns. Total mortality was 23.91% (n=33). Flame burns resulted in 16 mortalities and scald burns lead to 14 deaths. These results show that mortality in infant is higher than other paediatric age groups. Infants represent a specic vulnerable group because they are essentially non-walkers and entirely dependent on their parents. More often than not these burns are due to negligence on the part of parents. These burns can be prevented by awareness campaigns targeting education of parents and care givers.

Introduction:Asthma is a chronic inammatory disease of the airways, characterized by recurrent episodes of airow obstruction resulting from edema, bronchospasm, and increased mucus production. There are an estimated 300 million people who have asthma worldwide, with a signicant geographic variation of prevalence, severity, and mortality. The exact etiology of asthma remains unclear and appears to be multifactorial. Both genetic and environmental factors seem to contribute. Aim and Objective: To evaluate role of cardiac biomarkers and ECG changes in assessing the cardiac dysfunction in children with acute severe bronchial asthma. Material and Methods: This was Prospective, observational, Hospital based study at department of pediatric medicine, SPINPH (JK Lone hospital), SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The study includes 51 patients admitted during study period of 18 months. Sample size was calculated of 95% condence level, α error of 0.05 expecting 15% abnormal CK-MB levels as one of the biomarker in children with acute severe bronchial asthma. Result: The study included Sample size of 51 Patients in each group. In our study, mean age of study participants was 8.8±2.5 years. Out of the 51 participants, 37 were in age of 5-10 years and 14 in age above 10 years. Male participants were 32 and female were 19. Mean FEV1 of study participants was 77.7±5.7%. Conclusion: Our study concluded that at the time of admission, children with acute severe bronchial asthma exhibited abnormal CPK-MB in 21.6%, abnormal trop-I in 58.8%, and abnormal BNPin 11.6%. The most common ECG nding in these patients was sinus tachycardia

Introduction: One of the most prevalent problems a surgeon encounters is chronic wounds, especially those that do not heal. The development of agents for wound healing is the subject of ongoing study. Insulin is one such substance that stimulates connective tissue. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical insulin dressings with traditional saline dressings in the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), in terms of the size of the ulcer, the amount of time spent in the hospital, and any side effects. In this prospective longitudinal study,the Materials and Methods: patient's willingness to receive topical insulin therapy was used to separate the study population (n=100) into study group (insulin group, n=50) and Control group (saline group, n=50). Using paired and unpaired Student's t-tests, the variables of ulcer surface area, granulation tissue formation and length of hospital staywere compared. A p-value of < 0.05 was deemed signicant. In t Results: he study group, the mean ulcer surface area was 40.4 cm2, compared to 37.6 cm2 in the control group (p-value = 0.012). After dressings, the mean area of granulation tissue formation in the study group was 39.63 cm2+2.6 , while it was 36.07 cm2+ 5.7 in the control group (p-value=0.001*). The control group's average hospital stay was 31.3 + 4.2 days whereas in the study group it was 27.8 ± 2.4 days (p-value=0.001*). Insulin is a chea Conclusion: p and superior alternative dressing agent for diabetic foot ulcer care

Introduction: Surgical wound closure aims to move close the skin aps for good cosmetic outcome and to favour rapid healing with low risk of complications. Present study aimed to Compare skin closures with adhesive glue 2-octylcyanoacrylate and suture material in clean elective surgeries. Material & Method: This comparative observational study was conducted among the patients undergoing clean elective surgical procedure in the department of General Surgery AVMC medical college and hospital. Skin closure was done with suturing or with 2- octylcyanoacrlate adhesive glue under same antibiotic coverage for same duration. Ethics committee clearance was obtained, and informed consent was taken from the study participant. Patient not agreeing for 2-octylocyanoacrylate skin closure, mucocutaneous junctional wound or not willing to be part of study were excluded from the study. Both group of patients were compared using pain, Asepsis score and Modied Hollander Cosmesis scale. The collected data were analysed using SPSS v21 operating on windows 10, with p-value of

Present study evaluates efcacy of topical insulin eye drops and PACK-CXL in treatment of non-healing corneal ulcer. For this total 20 patients of corneal ulcer were taken and categorise as two groups, Group-1 and Group-2. Patients of Group-1 were treated with topical insulin eye drop, while 2 Group-2 with PACK-CXL. In result, mean area of ulcer before starting treatment in Group-1 was 25.45 ± 16.5 mm and we observed complete corneal reepithelization in all patients, with mean duration of reepithelization seen in 35 days. In group-2 mean area of non-healing ulcer before 2 starting treatment was 20.58±10.63 mm , after PACK-CXL, we observed complete corneal reepithelization in all patients with, mean duration of 25.4 days. Final visual acuity was improved from baseline in both groups. Both topical Insulin eye drop and PACK-CXL can promote and accelerate corneal reepithelization of non-healing corneal ulcers but topical insulin eye drop is cost-effective with no adverse effect

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency encountered in the casualty. Delay in diagnosis of acute appendicitis may cause a variety of life threatening complications. Diagnostic difculties may lead to negative appendicectomies or cases of missed appendicitis resulting in complications such as appendiceal perforation or abscess formation. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a parameter detected during routine blood count and to which clinicians do not usually pay attention. The aim of the study is to assess role of mean platelet volume in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. To assess the role of Mean Platelet Volume as Objectives: an inammatory marker in the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in patients whose post- appendicectomy histopathology reports were conrmatory of acute appendicitis and to determine the relationship between Mean Platelet Volume and Total White Blood Cell count and Neutrophil count in patients with acute appendicitis. It Methodology Study Design: was a Case control study conducted in Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram involving 82 patients who underwent emergency open appendicectomy and 82 patients posted for elective open appendicectomy. Platele Results: t count was measured in all 164 patients. The sensitivity was 37.8%, specicity 78.05%. Positive predictive value 63.3 and Negative predictive value 55.7, positive likelihood ratio of 1.72 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.8. Youden Index J is 0.1585. From the current study it is concluded that Conclusion: platelet indice , Mean platelet volume might have a role in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and might help to avoid possible negative appendicectomies

Aims & Objectives Ÿ To study the cardiac complications based on ECG changes in COVID 19 positive patients. Materials And Methods Ÿ It is a Prospective case study with sample size of 500 done in East point Medical College and Research hospital, Bangalore. Results: 300 patients had normal sinus rhythm.130 patients had tachycardia, 70 patients had bradycardia. 30 patients had arrhythmia, 27 patients had evidence of cardiac injury.154 patients had evidence of myocarditis. 40 patients had evidence of heart failure and 15 patients had cardiomyopathy. 50 patients had an evidence of venous thromboembolic events. Cardiac invol Conclusion: vement is very common in SARS –Cov-2 infection. Myocarditis is more common, though it may not be fatal in most cases, it can be problematic in case of associated co-morbid conditions

The synchronous presence of rectal and anal canal neuroendoendocrine tumors account for less than 1% of all rectal malignancies. Immunohistochemistry and positivity for markers such as chromogranin A or synaptophysin are used to identify them. The high proliferative index, Ki67, further classies them as neuroendocrine carcinoid. Here, we present a rare case of a female in her third decade of life who presented with a history of altered bowel habits and was later diagnosed with a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoid of the rectum and anal canal, Grade 3. The rapidity with which it spreads and metastasizes, combined with the high rate of recurrence, presents a management challenge and a poor prognosis

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a gold standard surgical procedure in post-operative pain recovery time. Though it is associated with lesser post-op pain than open cholecystectomy, few patients still experience pain. Pain relief is an important goal of any surgery. Administration of local anaesthetic either during surgery is a method of reducing post-op pain. To Compare the effect of intraperitoneal Aim: instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline and without intraperitoneal instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline for post-operative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A total of 120 participants we Materials & Methods: re considered for this study with 60 participant receiving bupivacaine and other 60 receiving normal saline. VAS/VRS score is measured at 2, 4, 6, 12 & 24 hours after surgery for each group. Results: From the results, we found signicant differences in the mean scores of study group and placebo group. The patients who were given bupivacaine were found to have reduced pain. Conclusion: In our study, we found that bupivacaine reduces postoperative pain. We conclude that the intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine is a safe and effective method for providing postoperative analgesia without signicant side effects.

Introduction: Denture hygiene is considered as an essential part of oral hygiene maintenance for the well-being of oral soft tissue in denture wearers. Denture induced stomatitis is common among denture wearers and that can be due to adherence of candida species.The purpose of the present study is to determine and compare the anti-candidal effect of Oregano against Candida albicans for using it efciently as a denture cleansing agent. Swab from the tissue surface of 20 complete acrylic denture wearers w Materials And Methods: ere collected and cultured to isolate the Candida albicans. The plant materials were soaked in 99.9 % ethanol and pure extracts were made by the cold maceration method. Various concentrations of Oregano (1 %, 2 %, 4 %, 8 % and 16 %) dilutions were done. Fluconazole was taken as a control to compare with the plant products. The Disc diffusion method was done to nd the zone of inhibition by pre-treating the discs with herbal extracts. The zone of inhibition was measured in millimetres. The mean value of zone of inhibition of Oregano w Results: as less when compared to the uconazole of higher concentrations. The differences between two groups were analyzed using one way ANOVA test. Oregano showed least anti-candidal Conclusion: effect when compared to uconazole, Where it can have effects on other species of candida

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India which requires early diagnosis for treatment and control of infection. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Ziehl Neelson (ZN) staining of FNA samples have low specicity and sensitivity respectively in tuberculous lymphadenitis due to paucicellular nature of the disease. Fluorescent Microscopy has a well established role in detection of tuberculosis. Recently, WHO has recommended its use in extrapulmonary tuberculosis as an initial diagnostic tool. Material and Methods: This is a prospective study performed in Department of pathology and included 80 patients of suspected symptoms of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Fine needle aspiration was done and the material was sent for Fluorescent Microscopy. The rest of the material was used for preparing H&E stained and Z-N stained smears. Out of the total 80 cases, 47 cases were positive Result: for AFB on ZN staining and 56 cases showed Fluorescent Microscopy positivity, thus proving the important role of Fluorescent Microscopy in diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis. This difference was also statistically signicant (p value

Background: Treating distal tibia fractures can be challenging because of the limited soft tissue available at this region, the subcutaneous location of the bone , precarious blood supply and its close proximity to ankle joint. Treatment for fractures of distal tibia remains a controversial subject despite an ample amount of advances in both non-surgical (conservative) and operative care. This is a prospective study Material And Methods: to analyse the functional and radiological outcome of xing the distal third of tibia treated with Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPPO). 30 patients were treated for extra articular dista Results: l third tibia fracture with MIPPO. In our study all 30 patients achieved radiological union at a mean time of 15.6 weeks. 94% had excellent to good objective results based on AOFAS criteria and 97% had excellent subjective criteria. We observed ankle joint stiffness in 2 patients and 3 had supercial infection. Treating the closed distal Conclusion: third tibial fractures with LCP with MIPPO technique provides an early union and excellent to good functional outcome

Celebration of various cultural and religious festivals as well as holidays involves use of reworks. Injuries due to reworks is essentially a preventable injury .The aim of this article is to review cases of burns and associated trauma due to reworks at a regional burns and plastic surgery unit in India .A retrospective review was performed in all patients presenting to our centre with burn injuries due to reworks over a period of ten years from March 2012 to March 2022. A Total 463 patients were identied. Cases were studied in terms of patients' demographics, trend of rework injuries throughout the year, mechanism of injuries, anatomical region wise involvement of burn injuries. Conservative and surgical treatment was provided according to the extent of burn injuries. Various treatment given and outcomes of treatment were recorded. Mean duration of hospital stay and recovery time was noted .Most injuries occurred in October and November (around the Diwali festival) Mechanism of injury were mostly ame burns, contact burns and injury from blast force. Most common injuries were sustained to hands, head and neck region and torso.A total of 54 (11.66 %) patients needed surgery. Fireworks can lead to burn injuries, a range of soft tissue injuries, fractures, as well as eye injuries.The severity of rework injuries can effectively by reduced by proper planning which involves preparedness of work force, awareness campaigns and educating public about safety measures.

Volvulus is a condition in which a segment of the intestine twists on its own mesenteric axis and results in partial or complete obstruction. Increase in the intraluminal pressure of the bowel along with compromised blood supply leads to gangrene and perforation if unrelieved immediately. Sigmoid volvulus accounts for 2-3% of all intestinal obstructions. Even though it effects both sexes, males are more effected. Treatment differs based on the mode of presentation of volvulus. Relief of intestinal obstruction and resection of gangrenous sigmoid colon are the two main considerations. It is a surgical emergency condition and laparotomy is performed in all patients. Treatment can be divided into resection and nonresection procedures. Primary resection with end-to-end anastomosis is gold standard treatment for sigmoid volvulus. Sigmoid volvulus is more commonly seen in males when compared to females with high incidences in old aged around 5th and 6th decade of life. Procedures such as Sigmoidopexy are done in non-gangrenous and viable bowel conditions, while procedures such as resection and end-to-end anastomosis and Hartmann's procedures are done in cases with gangrene bowel, but carry a risk of mortality

Cytological study of uids is an inexpensive, simple procedure and has signicant utility in diagnosing neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions. The cytological examination of uids in combination with physical examination helps identify aetiologic agents, follow the natural process of the disease and monitor the response to the treatment.Aim: To determine the diagnostic utility of serosal uid cytology and analyse the incidence of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions using serous uid cytology.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 311 cases conducted in a tertiary care hospital.Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. All the patients with pleural effusions, ascites or in whom Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), pericardial and synovial uids examination was indicated were included. The provisional diagnosis was obtained from case sheets, including relevant clinical information. Smears were prepared from freshly tapped specimens without adding anticoagulants and were processed by routine, conventional smear technique. The data were analysed using the SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Numerical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was used wherever necessary, and the p-value less than 0.05 were considered signicant.Results: The peritoneal uid was the most common uid collected in the present study, followed by pleural uid and CSF. The malignancy rate in the present study was 19 (10.4%) of peritoneal uid, 6 (5.9%) for pleural uid, and 2 (4.1%) for CSF. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy found in this study, which was in concordance with the research conducted earlier, where gold standard investigations conrmed the ndings. In the peritoneal uid, most of the patients had cirrhosis and tuberculosis. In pleural uid and cerebrospinal uid, most of them had tuberculosis and chronic inammatory conditions, respectively. Previous researchers conrmed similar ndings in their studies. It is seen that malignant and benign conditions like tuberculosis can be diagnosed well with effusion cytology.

Background: According to the American Psychological Association, anxiety and depression are both emotional responses that cause symptoms that are very similar, such as difculty sleeping, fatigue, muscle tension, and irritability. Whereas stress is usually caused by an external factor and is temporary, anxiety is persistent even in the absence of a stressor. Psychosocial factors are determinants, risk factors, and prognostic factors for neck pain. Aim: To nd the effect of the 5 Pranayamas versus Sudarshan Kriya on Neck Pain, Stress and Anxiety Methods and Material: Participants fullling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Informed and signed consent was taken from participants prior to commencing the study. Pre-readings were taken. Participants were randomly allocated in 2 groups, 15 in Group A and 15 in Group B respectively. Group A was given Sudarshan kriya and Group B was given 5 types of Pranayamas for 4 weeks 5 days a week for 30 minutes each day. Results: Paired and unpaired t test was used for within and between group analysis where p

Introduction: One of the most often carried out general surgical procedures is inguinal hernia surgery. Despite the fact that open inguinal hernioplasty is one of the cleanest surgical procedures, some surgeons nevertheless provide antibiotics as a preventative measure .The present study was undertaken to compare the efcacy of the single dose prophylaxis v/s conventional perioperative operational therapy. Material And Methods: This study was a hospital based observational comparative study which was conducted in the in the Department of General surgery at Aarupadai Veedu medical college and hospital, Puducherry, A study 60 cases were included. Patients were divided into two groups. Each group consists of 30 cases of Inguinal Hernia. The study group (Group SDA) received single dose of antibiotic preoperatively while the other group (Group CA) received 3 days of empirical antibiotic therapy post operatively. After obtaining pre anaesthetic check-up patients were posted for surgery. All the cases in study group (group SA) were administered with single dose of 1.5gm of inj. Cefuroxime 30 minutes before skin incision was given. They received no further antibiotics intravenously or oral. The data was analysed using SPSS software Pvalue less then 0.05 consider as statistically signicant. Data in the form of age, gender, BMI, type of work, side of hernia, type of hernia, habit of alcohol consumption and smoking, presence of DM, hypertension, CVD, COPD, duration of surgery, immediate postop fever, nausea and vomiting were noted in prescribed format and statistical analysis was done. Conclusion: However, the SSI in the single dose antibiotic group was remarkably lower than the proportion of SSI in conventional group on post op day 7 however this difference was not substantial on day 14. Also the length of hospital stay, time taken to return to daily activities and work were substantially less in single dose antibiotic group compared to conventional group. We infer that single dose antibiotic is preferred over conventional antibiotics in inguinal hernia repair

Objective : Ÿ To study the results of operative procedures in olecrenon fractures Ÿ To study the improvement in pain, range of motion and activities of daily living following surgery Ÿ To study the advantages and complications of various surgical procedures done for the complex comminuted fractures of olecranon. Methods: A prospective study of 29 patients of complex comminuted fractures of olecrenone was done. All patients were operated in Tertiary care Hospital, Surat and complete clinical examination was done with satisfactory follow up. Selected patients were evaluated clinically and Results: radiologically, after the relavant lab examinations, they were taken for surgery. Fractures were classied according to various classication system, operated with Open Reduction Internal Fixation using anatomical locking plate. Post operative immobilization was given and active mobilization of elbow given within 1-3 weeks. Operative treatment with anatomical inte Conclusion: rnal xation will be the line of treatment for all types of olecrenone fracture, more so in young adults as it gives best chance to achieve good elbow function

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is an uncommon breast neoplasm constituting less than 1% of all breast cancers. It is more aggressive and has poorer prognosis than other breast carcinomas. It has variable and similar presentation to others. With this case report of a 76-year-old female who presented with a large tender rapidly progressive erythematous lump, we aim to reveal the rarity in pathologic and clinical features of the metaplastic breast carcinoma and its similarities to malignant phyllodes tumor of breast. It has been later diagnosed post operatively as Metaplastic carcinoma of breast. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in its diagnosis.

Aim: Emergence agitation is common after septorhinoplasty and postoperative pain is the main risk factor for this condition. Infraorbital and Infratrochlear nerve block have been reported to help pain management in patients after nasal surgical procedures under General Anaesthesia. Method: Our study was conducted randomly amongst sixty four pateints whose septorhinoplasty surgery was planned under general anaesthesia were included in study. Patients were randomly distributed to Group1(ION and ITN block) and Group2 (No block). Duration of surgery and anaesthesia, Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale(RSAS), EApresence, Duration of post-operative analgesia, Numerical rating scale(NRS) scores and cumulative Tramadol consumption were recorded. Result:Incidence of EAand NRS score of the patients in Group1 were statistically signicantly (p

Background: Breast abscess is a major cause of morbidity in developing countries, most commonly in lactating women and dened as a localised collection of pus within the breast. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and outcome of USG guided needle aspiration versus incision and drainage of breast abscess. The study involved 100 female patients Material and Methods: of age 18-60 years and diagnosed with breast abscess (clinically and by ultrasonography) were included after taking written consent. Of these 50 had undergone USG guided aspiration (Group A) and 50 had undergone incision and drainage (Group B) of breast abscess. The most a Results: ffected age range were 21-30 years and 90% of the cases were lactating and S. aureus was most encountered organism in both lactating and nonlactating cases of breast abscess. The cure rate, mean healing time, lactation resumption, patient's satisfaction and cosmetic outcome were statistically signicant (p

Background: Given the ever-increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescent females and its detrimental effects on the future generation, it is necessary to estimate its prevalence among medical and paramedical female students who are the pillars of healthcare system and are at a higher risk of weight disorders due to sedentary lifestyle, disordered eating habits and increased stress. This study was conducted to Aim: determine to determine the change in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among novice medical and paramedical female students at the Civil Hospital Campus from 2011 to 2021. A repeated descriptive cross-sectional study wa Methods: s conducted among 342 novice females at Civil Hospital Campus in June 2021. There were no exclusion criteria for the study. Data was collected with permission, using a pretested proforma and the BMI was calculated. Statistical Analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and Epi-info Software. The prevalence of overweight Results: among these students has increased from 21.29% in 2011 to 25.44% in 2021, while the mean weight of overweight girls among these students has increased from 63.15 kg in 2011 to 64.37 kg in 2021. Health care practitioners and policy makers Conclusion: need to be aware of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in order to emphasize the prevention of weight-related disorders among these students. As these disorders can increase the risk of developing chronic illnesses in adulthood, addressing its risk factors and carrying out periodic monitoring is important

Replacing micro-reinforcing fibers with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is beneficial for improving the impact properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC); however, the weak wettability and dispersibility of CNTs and the weakly bonded interface between CNTs and UHPC limit their effectiveness as composites. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the reinforcement effect of CNTs on the impact properties of UHPC via functionalization. Unlike ordinary CNTs, functionalized CNTs with carboxyl or hydroxyl groups can break the Si–O–Ca–O–Si coordination bond in the C–S–H gel and form a new network in the UHPC matrix, effectively inhibiting the dislocation slip inside UHPC matrix. Furthermore, functionalized CNTs, particularly carboxyl-functionalized CNTs, control the crystallization process and microscopic morphology of the hydration products, significantly decreasing and even eliminating the width of the aggregate–matrix interface transition zone of the UHPC. Moreover, the functionalized CNTs further decrease the attraction of the negatively charged silicate tetrahedron to Ca2+ in the C–S–H gel, while modifying the pore structure (particularly the nanoscale pore structure) of UHPC, leading to the expansion of the intermediate C–S–H layer. The changes in the microstructures of UHPC brought about by the functionalized CNTs significantly enhance its dynamic compressive strength, peak strain, impact toughness, and impact dissipation energy at strain rates of 200–800 s−1. Impact performance of UHPC containing a small amount of carboxyl-functionalized CNTs (especially the short ones) is generally better than that of UHPC containing hydroxyl-functionalized and ordinary CNTs; it is even superior to that of UHPC with a high steel fiber content.

Several crucial and impactful three-dimensional (3D) printing applications have been developed within a broad range of fields. Among these, revolutionary changes in health care are highly anticipat...

Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene (nano)platelets (GNPs or GnPs; each platelet below 10 ​nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomposites. Since MWCNTs are now cost-effective at US$30 per kg for industrial applications, this work starts by briefly reviewing the disentanglement and surface modification of MWCNTs as well as the properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. GNPs can be made through the thermal treatment of graphite intercalation compounds followed by ultrasonication; GNPs would have lower cost yet higher electrical conductivity over 1,400 ​S ​cm−1 than MWCNTs. Through proper surface modification and compounding techniques, both types of fillers can reinforce or toughen polymers and simultaneously add anti-static performance. A high ratio of MWCNTs to GNPs would increase the synergy for polymers. Green, solvent-free systhesis methods are desired for polymer nanocomposites. Perspectives on the limitations, current challenges and future prospects are provided Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This study presents a simple technique for strengthening the adhesive-bond strength between aluminium (Al) substrate and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) utilising resin pre-coating (RPC) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNT-containing RPC solution with 90 ​wt% acetone and 10 ​wt% resin (without hardener) was applied onto Al substrates, where micro-/nano-vertical channels had been created by chemical or mechanical surface treatments to accommodate CNTs. RPC was able to fill all micro-/nano-cavities over the Al substrate surface, then CNTs were pulled into those vertical micro-channels by the capillary action generated from acetone evaporation. Normal epoxy adhesive (resin ​+ ​hardener) was applied after the CNT-containing RPC treatment. CNTs bridging across the interface between the adhesive joint and Al substrate and sealing of micro-/nano-cavities by RPC effectively enhanced the interfacial shear bond strength between the Al substrate and CFRP by 30–100% depending on the Al substrate surface profiles. Al substrates with two different chemical treatments were compared in this study for the effectiveness of CNT interfacial reinforcement. Results from a steel substrate after sandblasting were also included for comparison.

Previous experimental and computational results have confirmed that the thermal conductivity of a two-dimensional (2D) material can be considerably affected by strain. Numerous attention has been paid to explore the relevant mechanisms. However, the strain effects on the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) of 2D heterostructure have attracted little attention. Herein, the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations were conducted to the graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (GR/h-BN) heterostructure to investigate the strain effects on the ITC. Three types of strains were considered, i.e., tensile strain, compressive strain, and shear strain. The results indicate that the strain can adjust the ITC for the GR/h-BN heterostructure effectively, and the strain loading direction also influences the ITC. Generally, the tensile strain reduces the ITC of the heterostructure, in addition to the BN-C system at small tensile strain; both the compressive strain and shear strain increase the ITC, especially at a small strain. For the NB-C system, it is more sensitive to the strain loading direction and the yx shear strain of 0.06 is the most effective way to strengthen the ITC. Our results also show that the out-of-plane deformation weakens the in-plane vibration of atoms, leading to a reduction of the interfacial thermal energy transport.

Low quality (Q) factor is often the limiting factor for high performance carbon nanotube (CNT) resonators. The most commonly used approach to enhance the Q factor of CNTs is to reduce/eliminate the intrinsic defects. Herein, we show surprisingly that hole defects of suitable size and position are able to enhance the Q factor of CNT, which strongly contradicts to the common notion that the presence of defects promote intrinsic dissipation via defects dissipation. By analyzing the strain distribution, we find that such abnormal enhancement in Q factor of defected CNT originates from a coupling competition mechanism between the atomic mismatch around defected atoms and the thermoelastic damping. Although the presence of holes will introduce an additional defect dissipation source, suitable holes are capable of reducing the energy dissipation arisen from the thermoelastic damping, through changing the spatial strain field of defected CNT. This coupling competition mechanism provides a new route for designing high performance CNT resonators via defects engineering.

Many microorganisms have mechanisms that protect cells against attack from viruses. The fermentation components of Streptomyces sp. 1647 exhibit potent anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activity. This strain was isolated from soil in southern China in the 1970s, but the chemical nature of its antiviral substance(s) has remained unknown until now. We used an integrated multi-omics strategy to identify the antiviral agents from this streptomycete. The antibiotics and Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell (antiSMASH) analysis of its genome sequence revealed 38 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites, and the target BGCs possibly responsible for the production of antiviral components were narrowed down to three BGCs by bioactivity-guided comparative transcriptomics analysis. Through bioinformatics analysis and genetic manipulation of the regulators and a biosynthetic gene, cluster 36 was identified as the BGC responsible for the biosynthesis of the antiviral compounds. Bioactivity-based molecular networking analysis of mass spectrometric data from different recombinant strains illustrated that the antiviral compounds were a class of structural analogues. Finally, 18 pseudo-tetrapeptides with an internal ureido linkage, omicsynins A1–A6, B1–B6, and C1–C6, were identified and/or isolated from fermentation broth. Among them, 11 compounds (omicsynins A1, A2, A6, B1–B3, B5, B6, C1, C2, and C6) are new compounds. Omicsynins B1–B4 exhibited potent antiviral activity against IAV with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of approximately 1 µmol∙L–1 and a selectivity index (SI) ranging from 100 to 300. Omicsynins B1–B4 also showed significant antiviral activity against human coronavirus HCoV-229E. By integrating multi-omics data, we discovered a number of novel antiviral pseudo-tetrapeptides produced by Streptomyces sp. 1647, indicating that the secondary metabolites of microorganisms are a valuable source of novel antivirals.

In this study, we used a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effectiveness of medicines and supplements for idiopathic male infertility and to identify the best treatment. Medline, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Ovid, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched for the period from January 1990 to June 2021 using the keywords “male infertility,” “medical therapy,” “supplement/nutrient therapy,” and related terms. Studies involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating medicines (mainly follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgen, and clomiphene/tamoxifen) or supplements (mainly zinc, selenium, vitamin C or E, carnitine, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), or combined treatment) for idiopathic infertile men were selected for meta-analysis. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) was used for data extraction, and a risk-of-bias tool and grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system adapted to the NMA were employed to assess the quality of the evidence. The primary outcomes were live birth and spontaneous pregnancy rate (SPR). The secondary outcomes were sperm parameters (including concentration, progressive motility, and morphology) and side effects. In total, 65 RCTs involving 7541 men with sperm abnormalities but normal hormone levels were included. A total of 36 studies reported SPR but only three reported live birth rates. The quality of the included studies was found to be moderate to high. Compared with a placebo or being untreated, carnitine plus vitamins significantly improved SPR (relative risk (RR) = 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–8.5); fatty acids significantly increased sperm concentrations (mean difference (MD) = 12.5 × 106 mL–1, 95%CI, 3.1 × 106–22.0 × 106); and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility (MD = 11.0%, 95%CI, 0.1%–21.9%) and normal sperm morphology (MD = 11.0%, 95%CI, 4.6%–17.4%). The most optimal intervention was carnitine plus vitamins and fatty acids for SPR and sperm concentrations, respectively, even after excluding trials at a high risk of bias. Compared with a placebo or being untreated, FSH (RR = 4.9, 95%CI, 1.1–21.3) significantly increased SPR, whereas SERM plus kallikrein increased sperm concentration (MD = 16.5 × 106 mL–1, 95%CI, 1.6 × 106–31.4 × 106), and SERM plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility (MD = 11.3%, 95%CI, 7.3%–15.4%) and normal morphology (MD = 11.2%, 95%CI, 5.4%–16.9%) in men with oligoasthenozoospermia (OA). In terms of side effects, fatty acids and pentoxifylline were associated with foul breath and/or a bad taste (RR = 8.1, 95%CI, 1.0–63.5) and vomiting (RR = 8.0, 95%CI, 1.0–63.0), respectively. In conclusion, the optimal treatment for male infertility for live birth is still unknown. Carnitine plus vitamins and FSH are likely to be better than other therapies in achieving successful spontaneous pregnancy in couples overall and in couples with men with OA, respectively. The efficacy of other treatments on pregnancy outcomes warrants further verification.

Poly (decamethylene terephthalamide/decamethylene isophthalamide)-block-polyvinyl alcoho) (PA10T/10I-PEG) copolymer/graphene oxide (GO) composites were prepared via in-situ melt polymerization and two different nano-filler addition approaches were compared. The relationship between the micro-structure and performance of the elastomer composites prepared by one-step and two-step methods was explored. The results show that the two-step method significantly promoted the dispersion of the GO in a polymer matrix, and facilitated the grafting of more hard molecular chains. Thus, the elastic modulus and tensile strength of the nano-composite have been significantly improved by the presence of GO. This was because of the strong interaction between the functional groups on the surface of the GO and the hard molecular chains. This would be also be favorable to load transfer across the interface. Additionally, the elongation at the break of composites increased by 10% with the addition of a small amount of GO (0.2% wt). This is because hard domains tend to be enriched on the surface of GO in composites and act as a lubricating layer at the interface between the GO and matrix, leading to increased deformation ability. This work provides an effective strategy to prepare elastomer composites with high strength and toughness.

Ultrathin conversion coatings, made from aligned graphene derivatives and ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC), were fabricated on stainless steel by electrodeposition. Sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) provided electron pathways and physical barriers to corrosive molecules. Electrodeposition ensured the alignment of SGO and the facile fabrication of the coatings. AZC is an environmental-friendly crosslinking agent, water-repellent and corrosion inhibitor. Upon dehydration reactions, AZC improved the cohesion between SGO layers and anchored the conversion coatings on metal substrates. When the mass ratio of SGO to AZC was 2:1, the corrosion current density of the composite coatings reached 0.098 ​μA ​cm−2, while that of the bared stainless steel was 1.04 ​μA ​cm−2, given a coating thickness of only 500 ​nm. The electrical conductivity of SGO/AZC composite coatings can be tailored from 3.84 ​× ​10−5 to 2.28 ​× ​10−3 ​S‧cm−1 by heat treatment and HI reduction, which satisfied the electrical conductivity requirement of wide applications in electronic industry, office appliances and petroleum storage.

The dispersion of nanoparticles plays a key role in enhancing the mechanical performance of polymer nanocomposites. In this work, one hybrid epoxy nanocomposite reinforced by a well dispersed, zinc oxide functionalized, multi-wall carbon nanotube (ZnO-MWCNT) and core-shell rubber (CSR) was prepared, which possesses both high modulus and fracture toughness while maintaining relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg). The improved fracture toughness from 0.82 ​MPa ​m1/2 for neat epoxy to 1.46 ​MPa ​m1/2 for the ternary epoxy nanocomposites is resulted from a series of synergistic toughening mechanisms, including cavitation of CSR-induced matrix shear banding, along with the fracture of MWCNTs and crack deflection. The implication of the present study for the preparation of high-performance polymer nanocomposites is discussed.