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Using the data of the World Input and Output Table (WIOD) from 2000 to 2014, this paper measures the positions of China and the US in the global value chains (GVCs). We develop a new dual structural decomposition method to analyze the drivers behind the GVC position differences between the two countries from the perspective of intermediate consumption. The results show that (1) China is moving away from both end-users and primary factors, while the U.S. is moving towards both ends of the GVCs. The gap between China and the US in GVCs is widening. (2) About 40% of the difference between the GVC positions of China and the US can be attributed to the difference in industrial structures between the two countries, and the remaining 60% is related to the difference in the GVC positions of the same industries between the two countries. (3) China's three major industries are all embedded in a further GVC position from households, governments, and investors (HGIs) than the US, but they are formed for completely different reasons. The domestic direct effect is the main reason for the resource industry, the multiplier effect is the main driver for the manufacturing industry, and the domestic linkage effect is the main factor for the service industry. (4) The different roles of the two countries in the international division of labor result in the difference in the two countries' consumption coefficients of the manufacturing and service sectors, and the asymmetric interaction between industries ultimately leads to the differentiation in the GVC positions of the industries between the two countries.

The results of experimental investigations on catalytic oxidation of coal mine ventilation air methane in a preheat catalytic reaction reactor is presented in this paper. The experimental system was located in the Energy Research Institute of Shandong University of Technology, which has been applied to investigate the effects of startup conditions such as the startup flow coefficient (0.3–0.5) and the startup power (10 kW–20 kW) on the startup process within the preheat catalytic reaction reactor. The average temperature distribution of catalytic oxidation bed and the minimal startup power were measured and the effects of operating conditions such as the space velocity (2600 h−1 to 11,500 h−1) and the methane concentration (0.8%–1.2%) were experimentally investigated. Moreover, the methane conversion rate and the average temperature of the catalytic oxidation bed were discussed and the critical space velocity value and the critical methane concentration value were determined.

The stress analysis and modal analysis of a 4-cylinder crankshaft are discussed using finite element method in this paper. Three-dimension models of 480 diesel engine crankshaft and crankthrow were created using Pro/ENGINEER software The finite element analysis (FEM) software ANSYS was used to analyse the vibration modal and the distortion and stress status of the crankthrow.The maximum deformation, maximum stress point and dangerous areas are found by the stress analysis of crankthrow. The relationship between the frequency and the vibration modal is explained by the modal analysis of crankshaft. The results would provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the optimization and improvement of engine design. Index Terms—finete element analysis; modal analysis; strss analysis; crankshaft

The plasma temperature and electron density is an important content of the research. It is useful for the study mechanism of laser induced breakdown. Two Nd:YAG pulse laser induce iron alloy formation plasma obtaining the 250~370nm spectrum diagram in the experiment. Double pulse spectra and single pulse spectra are compared, the electron density of double pulse is 2×10 17 cm -3 by Lorentz linear fitting; it is 0.3×10 17 cm -3 higher than single pulse. The plasma temperature of double pulse is 1.3×10 4 K by using Saha-Boltzmann multi line graph method. The advantages of double pulse laser are over single pulse comparing relationship between electron density and plasma temperature with delay time. Finally, the plasma in local thermal equilibrium based on the experimental results; plasma state meet the sufficient condition of calculation method.

Finite element analysis has been used to investigate the vibration modal of 480 crankshaft and the stress analysis of crankpin. The aim of the modal analysis was to explain the relationship between the frequency and the vibration modal. And the aim of the stress analysis of crankpin was to find the maximum deformation and maximum stress point. In this paper, three-dimension models of 480 diesel engine crankshaft and crankpin were created through Pro/ENGINEER software. The finite element analysis (FEM) software ANSYS was used to analysis the vibration modal and the distortion and stress status of the crankpin. The results of crankshaft vibration modal were calculated. And the stress figures of 480 diesel engine crankpin were calculated, combined with maximum stress point and the dangerous area. The results would provide valuable theoretical foundation for the optimization and improvement of engine design.

Crankshaft is one of the most important parts in internal combustion engine. In this paper, a three-dimension model of 380 diesel engine crankshaft was created through Pro/ENGINEER software. The finite element analysis (FEM) software ANSYS was used to analyze the distortion and stress status of the crankshaft. First of all, the 380 diesel engine entity crankshaft model was created by Pro/ENGINEER software. Next, the model of crankshaft created by Pro/E software was imported to ANSYS software. Then, material properties, constraints boundary conditions and mechanical boundary conditions of the 380 diesel engine crankshaft were determined. Finally, the strain and stress figures of 380 diesel engine crankshaft were calculated, combined with maximum stress point and the dangerous area. Then this article checked the crankshaft's static strength and the fatigue evaluations which provide valuable theoretical foundation for the optimization and improvement of engine design.

Based on the formula of image radiation, the influence of distance on the temperature measurement accuracy using IR thermal is analyzed in theory. A algorithm for correction based on neural network is proposed. The error caused from the difference between measuring distance and calibrated distance is reduced by correction when measuring in a short distance.

Combustion of coal mine ventilation air methane (VAM) was investigated in a thermal reverse-flow reactor. Effects of CH 4 concentration, VAM flow and temperature were studied. The results show that combustion of coal mine ventilation air methane be achieved for methane concentration of 0.2%~0.8% in reactor. The conversion rates of CH 4 are all above 99%.Some heat could be recovered. With the increase of CH 4 concentration and VAM flow, the temperature of middle area increase, the volume of high temperature increase. It is to improve conversion rate of CH 4 . The lowest combustion temperature is 880degC.

A new approach to the numbering of detected interference fringes has been developed to enable computer analysis of interferograms containing closed-loop fringes, as captured by a TV-based lens testing Twyman-Green interferometer.3 The method requires some degree of operator intervention to set initial and maximum fringe numbers and information regarding the closed-loop fringes but otherwise is automatic. Following the fringe detection and numbering procedures the controlling computer evaluates "best-fit" values of the coefficients to predetermined aberration polynomials as used to represent the lens wavefront aberration presented in the interferogram. The wavefront aberration has been modelled by two different aberration polynomials, namely the Seidel and Zernike aberration polynomials. The latter polynomial includes additional terms to those in the former, enabling it to fit a wider range of asymmetries in the measured interferogram. It is therefore of considerable interest to compare the 'quality' of the fits obtained using the two aberration polynomials for a variety of interferograms. Results of the total process of data collection, polynomial fitting and lens Optical Transfer function evaluation are presented. The paper compares the residuals of fit, OTF curves and reconstructed interferograms derived from the same interferogram using the two polynomials. These suggest that, in general, the Zernike polynomials are more efficient than the Seidel polynomial.