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The purpose of this study was to observe the size of reproductive organ and to evaluate the sperm quality of Belgian Blue (BB) crossbreed cattle. This cattle are the crossbreeding result between a female Brahman Cross (BX) cattle inseminated with frozen semen from pure male BB cattle, by Artificial Insemination (IB) method, as a candidate of superior bull. The samples of this study were 2.5 years old (BB1), (BB2), and (BB3) crossbreed cattle. Its process involved general physical examination, genital organ inspection, sperm production, and quality assessment. The data obtained were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The results of this study were the three BB crossbred cattle showed the good appearance of normal reproductive organs with scrotum circumferences of each bull were 40.2 cm, 38.6 cm, and 39.8 cm respectively, and sperm quality of the good and the normal motility values of each bull were 82%, 81% and 80%, viability 84%, 83%, and 86%, and the sperm concentrations of each bull were 2.218 million/ml, 1.986 million/ml and 2.120 million/ml respectively. As a result, it could be concluded that those three BB crossbreed cattle are suitable for being used as a superior bull.

The aim of this research was to determine the proportion, viability and motility of X and Y ram spermatozoa separated with egg white albumin. Sperm samples derived from Garut ram, which was collected by using an artificial vagina. Observations were made on spermatozoa fraction above and below each medium fraction treatment. There are treatment egg white albumin as separation medium, each medium consisting of fractions top and bottom fraction with different concentration: 1) P0 = sperma before separation (control); 2) P1 = 10% above fraction + 30% lower fraction; P2 = 25% + 45%; P3 = 25% + 75%. Data proportion of X and Y, viability and motility were analyzed statistically by Completely Randomized Design patern in the direction followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for data with a real difference. Separation with egg white albumin affect significantly increased the proportion of spermatozoa X and Y (P≤0.05), but tends to decrease the viability and motility of spermatozoa.The proportion of spermatozoa X and Y was highest in treatment P3,76.76% of spermatozoa X (fraction above 25%) and 79.81% spermatozoa Y (75% lower fraction), with an average viability obtained respectively 68,9% (fraction above) and 59,7% (bottom fraction), motility 77,5% (fraction above) dan 84,0% (bottom fraction) . It was concluded that the egg white albumin is very effective in changing the proportions of X and Y ram sperm with the quality of spermatozoa after separation feasible for applications insemination or processed into frozen semen. ( Keywords: Garut ram, White egg albumin, Spermatozoa X and Y )

This research was aimed to determine the impact of balanced energy and protein supplementation with high rumen undegraded protein (HRUP) to milk production and quality in early lactating dairy cows. Twelve early lactating Friesian Holstein cows were divided into two groups (control and HRUP). Both control and HRUP group were fed on a basal diet (forage to concentrate ratio was 60:40; DM basis), with rumen undegraded protein (RUP) levels were 27.47% and 32.78% for control and HRUP, respectively. The experimental diets were given to animals twice daily, morning and afternoon. Water was given by ad libitum. The observed parameters were nutrient intake, quantity and quality of milk production . Data were examined using t-test. Results showed that feed intake, milk production and 4% FCM, milk fat and lactose concentrations, and milk solid non-fat and total solid concentrations were not differed significantly between control and HRUP groups. However, milk protein concentration and production were differed (P

The purpose of this study was to observe the macroscopic and microscopic quality of Bronze turkey fresh semen on various ages. The observed toms were at the ages of 9 to 10 months (P1), 13 to 14 months (P2), and 17 to 18 months (P3), with each taken from 3 different toms. The collection was done by abdominal massage, and collected for 3 times a week in triplicate. This data was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design, followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there was any difference. The results showed that the average volume of turkey fresh semen were P1 (0.16 ± 0.04 ml), P2 (0.13 ± 0.02 ml), and P3 (0.10 ± 0.02 ml). The average pH of fresh semen were P1 (7.19 ± 0.05), P2 (7.12 ± 0.10), and P3 (7.06 ± 0.06). The average motility percentage of fresh semen were P1 (78.11 ± 1.38%), P2 (82.55 ± 1.17%), and P3 (74.55 ± 4.16%). The average viability percentage of fresh semen were P1 (78.63 ± 1.55%), P2 (83.26 ± 1.54%), and P3 (79.20 ± 1.06%). The average abnormal percentage of spermatozoa were P1 (3.01 ± 0.04%), P2 (3.04 ± 0.88%), and P3 (3.21 ± 0.44%). In conclusion, the best fresh semen quality is found on toms aged from 13 to14 months (P2). Furthermore, at the age 17 to18 months and more, the semen quality was decreased.

The objectives of this reserarch were to study the effect of semen washing and soybean lecithin level on the motility and viability of ram spermatozoa stored at 5oC. Semen was collected from three mature rams by artificial vagina. Semen was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic. Semen was divided into ten tubes, the semen of first five tubes was unwashed (W0) and diluted with extender 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% soybean lecithin (L0, L1, L2, L3 and L4). Semen of another five tubes were washed (W1) then each diluted with similar extender levels. The diluted semen samples were stored at 5oC and the sperm motility and viability were evaluated each day. The interaction of the semen washing and soybean lecithin levels were no significant differences (P>0.05) but the single factor of soybean lecithin level was significant differeNces (P0.05) on progressive motility and viability of ram sperm.The best extender was 3% soybean lecithin (L3) with the percentage of ram sperm progressive motility was 63.18 ± 3.61% and viability was 71.76±2.32%.

This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of the level of cattle reticulum meal as cholesterolsource in duck feed to accelerate molting period and post-molting re-laying process of Tegal duck.Experimental method was administered to sixty female Tegal duck aging 68 weeks old. Each treatment,comprised 3 layers with 5 repetitions, were cattle reticulum meal in feed (K), consisting of K0= 0%(control), K1 = 1.43% (equal to 0.37 g cholesterol), K2 = 2.86%, and K3 = 4.29%. The observed variableswere molting period, re-laying period, blood cholesterol level, and progesterone hormone level. Datawere analyzed by analysis of variance based on Completely Randomized Design followed by HonestlySignificant Difference Test. The result demonstrated that level of cattle reticulum meal significantlyaffected (P

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis sperma untuk Inseminasi Buatan (IB) pada ayam kampung terhadap fertilitas telurnya. Dosis IB ini berguna untuk mengetahui perbandingan jantan dan betina yang paling efisien dalam suatu pemeliharaan. Sperma ditampung dan dicampur dari 5 ekor ayam Pelung jantan yang berumur sekitar 52 minggu. Sperma yang telah diketahui konsentrasinya kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 bagian dan masing-masing diencerkan dengan NaCl fisiologis sehingga diperoleh dosis akhir yaitu 25x106/0,1 ml (dosis 1); 75x106/0,1 ml (dosis 2); dan 150x106/0,1 ml (dosis 3). Sembilan ekor ayam kampung betina diinseminasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis terhadap fertilitas telur. Ayam betina yang digunakan adalah ayam kampung yang berumur sekitar 30 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dosis sperma tidak berpengaruh pada fertilitas telur ayam kampung. Fertilitas telur untuk masing-masing perlakuan dosis 1, 2, dan 3 adalah 44,13±20,84; 66,67±23,57; dan 58,75±14,36%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dosis sperma tidak berpengaruh pada fertilitas telur ayam kampung. (Kata kunci: Ayam kampung, Dosis sperma, Inseminasi buatan)

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi terbaik dalam pengenceran sperma domba Garut terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa yang disimpan pada temperatur 5°C. Terdapat empat perlakuan pengenceran: 1) P0= air kelapa + 0% kuning telur itik; 2) P1 = air kelapa + 10% kuning telur itik; 3) P2 = air kelapa + 20% kuning telur itik; 4) P3 = air kelapa + 30% kuning telur itik. Setiap perlakuan disimpan pada suhu 5°C dan diamati pada lima tingkatan waktu penyimpanan yaitu: hari ke-0, ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, dan ke-4. Data dianalisis statistik dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 4x5 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test untuk data dengan perbedaan yang nyata. Interaksi antara perlakuan dan lama penyimpanan memiliki pengaruh yang sangat signifikan (P

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aras kuning telur itik Alabio (Anas platyrhynchos) yang diencerkan dengan tris fruktosa terhadap persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa kambing Bligon setelah pengenceran, ekuilibrasi, prefreezing, dan post-thawing. Kualitas sperma diamati setelah pengenceran, setelah ekuilibrasi, preefreezing, dan post-thawing. Sperma seekor kambing Bligon ditampung dengan metode vagina buatan dua kali seminggu. Sperma diencerkan dengan pengencer tris fruktosa dengan aras kuning telur itik 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Data kualitas spermasegar dianalisis dengan mean dan standar deviasi, sedangkan motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa setelah pengenceran, ekuilibrasi, prefeezing, dan post-thawing dianalisis variansi pola searah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kuning telur itik dengan aras 10% memberikanmotilitas dan viabilitas sperma setelah pengenceran, setelah ekuilibrasi, setelah prefreezing , serta setelah post-thawing yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan penggunaan kuning telur itik dengan aras 20% maupun 30% (P

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The purpose of this study was to observe the reproductive performances of Sumba Ongole (SO) cows inseminated with frozen Belgian Blue (BB) semen. This research was expected to be used as a reference in the cow’s maintenance, especially in the implementation of Artificial Insemination (AI), as well as for subsequent studies. Parameter of this study includes the signs of estrus symptoms, S/C ratio, CR, NRR, and pregnancy time. The results showed a large value of S/C for cow SO 2.60±1.81, great value for cattle CR SO was 40%, the value of NRR was 60%, and the pregnancy time SO was 273.80±4.08. It is concluded that reproductive performance of SO cows are good, using SO cows to cross with BB cow is possible to do.

The objective of the study was to evaluate physiological condition of Bali cattle during estrus. Ninecattles were used in the research. The method of the research was descriptive analysis. The measurementof vaginal temperature was conducted by using digital thermometer and cytology of vaginal smear wasdone by using cotton bud swabbed on object glass. It was washed by methanol and was stained withGiemsa staining and was observed by microscope. The results indicated that vaginal temperature were38.39 ± 0.29 oC; 38.05 ± 0.15 oC; 37.4 ± 0.74 oC; 37.86 ± 0.3 oC at estrus, metestrus, diestrus, proestrusphase, respectively. On the basis of the cytology of vaginal smear, estrus phase had more superficialcornification and intermediate cells causing estrogen concentration increased. In conclusion, the profileof vaginal temperature showed that each kind of estrus cycle phase had characteristic within estrus. Thecytology of vaginal smear showed various types of cells preferences in different phase of estrus cycle.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat badan sapi betina Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan sapi persilangan pada tingkatan umur yang berbeda terhadap ukuran dan status ovariumnya. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 96 ekor sapi betina yang terdiri dari 54 ekor sapi PO dan 42 ekor sapi persilangan yang terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok umur. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (P This aim of research to know about correlation between the body weight of Ongole Cross-bred and Cattle Cross-bred at different age level to size and its ovary status. Ninety six tail cows consisted of 54 Ongole Cross-bred and 42 Cattle Cross-bred become five ages goup. There were a marked difference (P

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of Merino rams on the in vitro motility, velocity and capacitation status of ram spermatozoa. Four rams of proven fertility were used in this study. Semen was collected by electro ejaculation. The fresh semen was diluted at four dilutions in Hepes buffered synthetic oviduct fluid. A sample of semen was collected and the motility, velocity and capacitation status of spermatozoa determined and analyzed. The results study showed that motility and velocity of Merino rams spermatozoa were not significantly different. The mean average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) were 91.2 µm/s, 72.2 µm/s and 134 µm/s, respectively. Amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF) and linearity (LIN) was 5.5 µm, 19.5 Hz, and 54.7%, respectively. During the incubation time, progressively more spermatozoa became capacitated such that at the end of the incubation, 40.9±0.9% was capacitated acrosome-intact and 29±2.5% was capacitated acrosome-reacted. In conclusion, the motility and velocity of Merino spermatozoa were similar among rams. There were differences among rams in the capacitation profile; however there was no significant effect of incubation time and dilution rate on the capacitation status. Keywords: Merino rams, spermatozoa, motility, velocity, capacitation in vitro Animal Production 14(2):104-110

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan produksi dan komposisi susu kambing daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kambing yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 10 induk laktasi kambing Peranakan Ettawa di masing-masing lokasi yaitu Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Bantul. Data yang diambil terdiri dari kondisi lingkungan, konsumsi pakan, produksi dan komposisi susu yang terdiri dari kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan berat jenis. Pengukuran dilakukan dalam 3 ulangan, dengan tiap ulangan selama 7 hari, pada awal, pertengahan dan akhir periode. Konsumsi pakan diukur selama 21 hari. Produksi susu diukur dari hasil pemerahan pagi dan sore. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis statistik menggunakan analisis One way-Anova. Konsumsi nutrisi kambing di Kabupaten Kulon Progo lebih besar daripada Bantul (P

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon testosteron, libido, dan kualitas sperma kambing Bligon, Kejobong, dan Peranakan Etawah (PE). Sampel terdiri dari 3 ekor kambing Bligon, 3 ekor kambingKejobong, dan 3 ekor kambing PE jantan. Kadar testosteron diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tingkat libido diketahui dengan pengamatan waktu pertama mencumbu betina, menaiki betina, sampai ejakulasi. Penampungan sperma menggunakan metode vagina buatan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditentukan nilai korelasi antara kadar testosteron dengan libido dan kualitas sperma. Hasil menunjukkan testosteron pagi kambing Bligon berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,79 dan Y= 20,91-6,52X), menaiki betina (R= -0,80 dan Y= 20,28-7,16X), ejakulasi (R= -0,81 dan Y= 14,03-7,56X), volume sperma (R= 0,65 dan Y= -0,78+0,03X), dan motilitas spermatozoa (R= 0,70 dan Y= -73,83+1,43X) (P, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon testosteron, libido, dan kualitas sperma kambing Bligon, Kejobong, dan Peranakan Etawah (PE). Sampel terdiri dari 3 ekor kambing Bligon, 3 ekor kambing Kejobong, dan 3 ekor kambing PE jantan. Kadar testosteron diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tingkat libido diketahui dengan pengamatan waktu pertama mencumbu betina, menaiki betina, sampai ejakulasi. Penampungan sperma menggunakan metode vagina buatan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditentukan nilai korelasi antara kadar testosteron dengan libido dan kualitas sperma. Hasil menunjukkan testosteron pagi kambing Bligon berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,79 dan Y= 20,91-6,52X), menaiki betina (R= -0,80 dan Y= 20,28-7,16X), ejakulasi (R= -0,81 dan Y= 14,03-7,56X), volume sperma (R= 0,65 dan Y= -0,78+0,03X), dan motilitas spermatozoa (R= 0,70 dan Y= -73,83+1,43X) (P

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon estrus, awal estrus, dan lama estrus serta profil hormon estrogen pada kambing Kacang dan kambing Bligon setelah implan controlled internal drug release (CIDR) selama 13 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan 7 ekor kambing Kacang, 7 ekor kambing Bligon, serta 1 ekor pejantan. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan sebanyak empat kali yaitu sehari sebelum pemasangan CIDR (H0), sehari sebelum pelepasan CIDR (H12), saat pengamatan estrus (H17), dan satu siklus estrus (H37). Pemisahan plasma darah segera dilakukan setelah pengambilan darah lalu disimpan dalam freezer dengan suhu -20oC sampai uji hormon estrogen dilakukan. Respon estrus dianalisis dengan menggunakan Chi square, awal dan lama estrus menggunakan t-test dan untuk melihat konsentrasi hormon estrogen dengan menggunakan metode Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). Pengamatan gejala estrus dengan melihat tanda-tanda visual yang muncul dan menggunakan pejantan sebagai pengusik. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh bahwa sinkronisasi estrus setelah implan CIDR pada kambing Kacang dan kambing Bligon menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P≤0,01), persentase estrus pada kambing Kacang sebanyak 85,7% dan kambing Bligon sebanyak 71,4%. Awal munculnya estrus setelah pelepasan CIDR pada kambing Bligon 40,2±19,3 jam sedang pada kambing Kacang 52,6±18,4 jam. Lama estrus pada kelompok kambing Kacang dan Bligon masing-masing 24,0±8,6 jam dan 34,6±15,4 jam. Profil hormon pada saat estrus menunjukkan bahwa kambing Kacang memiliki konsentrasi hormon estrogen yang lebih tinggi 183,74±149,16 pg/ml, sedang pada kambing Bligon 108,129±59,02 pg/ml. Munculnya gejala estrus pada masing-masing ternak diikuti dengan tingginya konsentrasi hormon estrogen. Ternak estrus mempunyai konsentrasi hormon estrogen sekitar 94,127 pg/mL - 418,368 pg/mL, sedang pada ternak yang tidak mengalami estrus sekitar 20,17 pg/mL - 60,163 pg/mL. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan CIDR secara tunggal memberikan respon estrus dan konsentrasi hormon estrogen yang berbeda pada ternak perlakuan, respon estrus, dan konsentrasi hormon estrogen lebih tinggi pada kambing Kacang.(Kata kunci: Kambing Kacang, Kambing Bligon, CIDR, Estrogen)

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rams and seasonal changes on rams semen quantity and quality. Six Merino rams of proven fertility were available for use in this study. Rams semen were collected monthly from June 2002 through May 2003. Semen was collected by electroejaculation. To determine the effect of rams and seasonal changes on the semen characteristics were used analysis of variance univariate. Analysis of variance one way classification was used to determine the effect of season on the sperm motility. Results in this study showed that, the highest in semen volume was a ram 10 and the lowest was a ram 5. Although the best in semen color, sperm motility and sperm concentration were a ram 9. Whereas ram 16 and ram 12 had the lowest in sperm motility and sperm concentration, respectively. The highest in semen color was in July (creamy) and the lowest in semen color was in March (clear). Moreover the lowest in sperm motility and sperm concentration were also in March. Therefore, the best in sperm motility and sperm concentration was in November, 83.3 % and 3773 million/ml, respectively. Maximum air temperature was significantly related with semen color and sperm motility and bright sunshine was significantly related with sperm concentration. In conclusion, semen volume, semen color, sperm motility and sperm concentration of Merino rams varied between ram. More over performance of reproductive of Merino rams was affected by seasons (months). (