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The article is aimed at researching the financial sustainability of the machine-building enterprises of Vinnytsya region. The main reason of research of financial sustainability of machine-building enterprises is reasoned. The importance of financial sustainability of machine-building enterprises differing in size, output and volume of activity is analyzed and compared. The main factors influencing the financial sustainability of machine-building enterprises are defined. The basic macro-and micro-economic problems influencing the financial sustainability of machine-building enterprises are determined. It is proved that the main reason of worsening of financial sustainability of machine-building enterprises is ignoring of the policy of stable replenishment of both own and own working capital by enterprises. The failure of enterprises to long-term financing also has an important negative impact. It has been determined that the weak financing of non-negotiable assets, which indicates a low level of modernization of fixed funds, negatively impacts the financial sustainability of machine-building enterprises.

On the basis of analysis of scientific approaches the concept of «financial capital of enterprise» is clarified, under which usually is understood the capitalized sum of financial resources of enterprise, being the sources of formation of its assets and received by means of financial instruments and efficient work. The functional characteristics of financial capital are reflected, allowing to a deeper understanding of its content and role in the activity of an economic entity. The main stages of financial capital diagnostics are presented, which makes possible to carry out its analytical research comprehensively and logically. The approach to allocation of components of financial capital according to separate classification characteristics is deepened that allows to approach in detail to its diagnostics in the context of various sources of formation and directions of use. The methodical approach to analysis of use of financial capital by separate directions is developed and the basic indicators characterizing efficiency of its use in activity of enterprise are reflected. The methodology of carrying out factoring analysis of the profitability indices of financial capital is substantiated, which can provide the results for further identifying of the influence of internal factors on the change of efficiency of its use. Application of the developed methodology of financial capital diagnostics will allow enterprises to evaluate the results of financial activity in detail and comprehensively, to approach on a reasonable basis the process of decision-making in the direction of formation and use of capital.

In conditions of reorganization of economical societies, owners make decisions about further juridical future of their capital. Consequently, the main task concerning accounting of operations with own capital is to arrange them according to law to provide accounting protection of stockholders’ property rights in operations with stocks. The existing approaches to the definition of own capital don’t allow to see accounting and juridical essence of operations with property in conditions of reorganization in detail. The aim of the research is to create an exact definition of own capital for organization of accounting about providing own capital management in conditions of reorganization. To reach the goal the author systematizes the structure of own capital and determines the value of net assets, corporative rights (nominal, balanced value) and explains their function as instruments in operations with property. The current research allows to define the essence of own capital in conditions of reorganization of economical societies as the obligation before economical societies-sellers’ owners about the exchange of their corporative rights ensured with net assets for the corporative rights in the society of legal successor. Such understanding of own capital gives a possibility to outline all the spectrum of calculating and accounting operations with it and provide the connection of own capital accounting with stockholders’ property interests.

The main problem that arises when determining effectiveness of capital management is a necessity to account a big number of factors, which can influence an enterprise and determine its financial independence. Today, the following problems acquire special importance when managing formation of a capital of an industrial aviation enterprise: identification of the general requirement in capital, search for sources of its formation and managing the structure. Recommendations with respect to managing the structure of own and borrowed capital, unlike in previously considered in scientific and special literature, are not limited with the study of methods of capitalisation of profit. They are connected with identification of possibilities of use of additional capital as an element of own and acceptance credit, bonded debt – as an element of the borrowed capital. At the same time, the funds that are attracted as additional capital and acceptance credit are not considered as components of the financial flow. Thus, methods of justification of growth of the value of the financial flow by means of alternative sources of growth of the capital and methods of assessment of influence of the capital structure upon the size of the financial flow act as elements of the mechanism of management of movement of financial flows of enterprises. The mechanism of formation of own and borrowed capital and methods of managing its structure objectively create conditions of financial independence of an industrial aviation enterprise in the form of automatic protection from external factors and by way of formation of sources of financial sufficiency of resources.Основной проблемой, возникающей при определении эффективности управления капиталом, является необходимость учета большого количества факторов, которые могут влиять на предприятие и определять его финансовую независимость. В настоящее время особую важность при управлении формированием капитала промышленного авиапредприятия приобретают такие проблемы: определение общей потребности в капитале, поиск источников его формирования и управления структурой. Рекомендации относительно управления структурой собственного и заемного капитала, в отличие от ранее рассмотренных в научной и специальной литературе, не ограничиваются исследованием методов капитализации прибыли. Они связаны с определением возможностей использования дополнительного капитала как элемента собственного и вексельного кредита, облигационного займа – как элемента заемного капитала. В то же время средства, привлеченные как дополнительный капитал и как вексельный кредит, не рассмотрены как составляющие финансового потока. Таким образом, методы обоснования прироста величины финансового потока за счет альтернативных источников прироста капитала и способы оценки влияния изменения структуры капитала на размер финансового потока выступают элементами механизма управления движением финансовых потоков предприятий. Механизм формирования собственного и заемного капитала и методы управления его структурой объективно создают условия финансовой независимости промышленного авиапредприятия в виде автоматической защиты от внешних факторов и в качестве формирования источников финансовой достаточности ресурсов.

The article is devoted to the study of tendencies of capitalisation of enterprises of the food industry of Ukraine in the context of assessment of the prospects of introduction of the cost-oriented approach to management of enterprises of the industry. It describes economic essence of capitalisation and justifies its importance as a key factor of creation of the market value of an enterprise. On the basis of statistical data the article conducts analysis of dynamics and structure of own capital of enterprises of the food industry of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis the article reveals positive tendencies of growth of own capital of the industry by means of various sources, which points at growth of capitalisation in various forms. The article establishes that despite the positive dynamics, the share of own capital in the structure of sources of financing is low, which testifies to presence of significant risks of financing enterprises of the industry, but, at the same time, it creates reserves for increase of capitalisation in future. The article reveals a tendency of reduction of profitability, which negatively influences capitalisation. It justifies future prospects of capitalisation of the industry.

In the actual Romanian context under the aspect of the examined theme can be attributed to the cumulated effects of the transition period. The knowledge baggage and the advance practice, especially through learning from the external partners , took place, simultaneous, on professional plan and managerial plan; in the entrepreneurial action plan, the investments in intangible assets and in intellectual –intensive activities were perceived as risky and prohibitive under the aspect of costs, while , in advanced countries, the competitive notions based on knowledge were first. This research starts from defining the purpose and objectives as the first part of the research will make a brief description of the area that interests us, namely intangible assets and will establish strategy is finally reaching the perception of intangible assets in entity. The paper captures the key elements of intangible assets in order to highlight and reflect their importance. The fact that intangible assets can be and they are important for an entity to be recognized as valuable and accounting procedures of a company. As a work hypostasis in our evolution we will start by identifying the existent models regarding the evaluation of intellectual capital, their implementation in the total of entities and a rigorous analysis of their influential grade on entity value.

The article is devoted to consideration of main changes that would take place in accounting system in budget financed institutions after introduction of National Regulations (standards) of accounting in the state sector. Its urgency is justified by large-scale reformation of accounting in the state sector. The author describes issues of transformation of objects of accounting from the point of view of assets, own capital, liabilities, proceeds and expenses. Changes touch both appearance of new objects of accounting, not typical for budget financed institutions in the past, and rearrangement of enlarged objects. The said changes are compared with provisions of international standards of accounting in the state sector.Статья посвящена рассмотрению основных изменений, которые произойдут в системе учета в бюджетных учреждениях с введением в действие Национальных положений (стандартов) бухгалтерского учета в государственном секторе. Ее актуальность обусловлена масштабным реформированием учета в государственном секторе. Автором раскрываются вопросы трансформации объектов учета в разрезе активов, собственного капитала, обязательств, доходов и расходов. Изменения касаются как возникновения новых объектов учета, не характерных ранее для бюджетных учреждений, так и перегруппировки укрупненных объектов. Указанные изменения сравниваются с положениями международных стандартов учета в государственном секторе.