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This retrospective study was conducted during January to September in the year 1997. Three hundred and forty nine stool samples were collected from diarrhoea patients from different places of Kathmandu valley and examined at National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Teku, Kathmandu. Acute diarrhoea becomes epidemic in rainy season and is a major public health problem of the city. In this study, people with poor hygiene practice and poor education were infected more than other people. Among the 349 patients with the gastrointestinal disease, 26.0% were found to have bacterial infection. Out of which, 88 (25.1%), one (0.28%), one (0.28%), and one (0.28%) were found to be Vibrio cholerae 01, Vibrio cholerae 0139, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli respectively. Cholera cases were found almost throughout the year in the city though the numbers increased during the rainy season. It was highest during July (34.6%) followed by August (32.35%), September 32% and June (6.89%). The uncommon species of Vibrio i.e. Vibrio cholerae 0139 was also found in the study. Higher prevalence was found in urban areas (83.52%) than in rural areas (16.48%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates showed that Ciprofloxacin (97.85%) was found to be the most effective antibiotic followed by Tetracycline (92.34%), Erythromycin (92.34%), Norfloxacin (93.34%), Cholramphenicol, Ampicillim, but Cotrimoxazole were found to be resistant to all isolated Vibrio cholerae.

A retrospective study was conducted among out-patient and in-patient in Kathmandu medical collegeTeaching hospital of one month from the duration 2060-11-15 to 2060-12 -15. Mid-stream urine [MSU] of300 patient were cultured. Out of these, 75 patients’ urine were found to have significant bacterial growth.Total of five species of bacterial species isolated were viz.E.coli 37(33.3%), Proteus species 25(27.7%),Klebsiella species 15(16.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 8(8.8%) and Pseudomonas aureginosa 1(1.1%).Regarding their antibiotic sensitivity pattern, E. coli were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin 31 (83.8% ), Norfloxacin25 (67.5%), Ofloxacin 30(81.0%), Amoxycillin 16(43.2%), Nalidixic acid 15 (40.5%).proteus species weresensitive to Nitrofurantoin 15 (60.0%), Norfloxacin 15 (60.0%), Ofloxacin 12(48.0%), Amoxycillin 13(52.0%),Nalidixic acid 10 (40.0%), Ciprofloxacillin 12(48.0%). Klebsiella species were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin 9(60.0%), Norfloxacin 5 (33.3%), Oflaxin 6(40.0%), Amoxycillin 5(33.3%), Nalidixic acid 4 (26.6%),ciprofloxacillin 6(40.0%).Staphylloccus aureus were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin 8(100.0%), Norfloxacin 6(75.0%), Oflaxin 8(100.0%),Amoxycillin 7(87.5%), Nalidixic acid 6(75.0%), Ciprofloxacillin 8(100 %). And Pseudomonas aureginosawere resistant to all antibiotics which we are using in this research work.Key Words: Urine sample, Identification, Sensitivity pattern.