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Ehsan Sarbazi,1 Fatemeh Moradi,2 Saber Ghaffari-Fam,3,4 Katayoon Mirzaeian,2 Towhid Babazadeh51Department of Epidemiology, Health Faculty, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Department of Health, Urban Management, Senior Expert in Director General Office of Health, Tehran Municipality, Tehran, Iran; 3Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4School of Nursing of Miandoab City, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; 5Department of Public Health, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, IranBackground: This study aims to examine the cognitive-behavioral determinants of physical activity behaviors (PABs) of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Subjects and methods: In this cross-sectional study, census sampling was employed to enroll 120 rural patients with type 2 diabetes in the Chalderan County in 2015. To collect data, a valid and reliable instrument, based on the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action (ETRA) constructs, was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Results: Using the one-way ANOVA test, it was found that PABs had statistically significant correlation with all ETRA constructs except subjective norms (P=0.574). Knowledge (P=0.015), self-efficacy (P

Background and Objective: A few data is available about effect of exercise training on level of resistin and novel insulin resistance indices in underweight inactive men. This study was performed to determine the effect of a period of resistance training on serum level of resistin and insulin resistance indices in underweight inactive men. Methods: In this clinical trial study, nineteen underweight inactive men were randomly divided into resistance training (n=9, 20.9±3.6 yr) and controls (n=10, 21.4±2.7 yr). Resistance training protocol consisted of twelve weeks weight training, 3 sessions training per week, each session for 60 minutes. General characteristics of subjects, serum concentration of resistin, and indices adiponectin-resistin (AR), homeostasis model assessment - adiponectin ratio (HOMA-AD) and insulin resistance (IRAR) were assessed before and after the training. Results: HOMA-AD and IRAR were reduced in resistance training group compare to controls, while serum resistin and AR did not significant reduce. Pretest-posttest difference means of HOMA-AD and IRAR were different between resistance training and control groups, while no significant differences were observed in the case of serum resistin concentration and AR. These parameters were not significant in the control group. Conclusion: Resistance training is associated with improved insulin resistance (decrease of HOMA-AD and IRAR indices), while did not change resistin level in underweight inactive men.

Background and Objective: Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings about the effect of endurance training on level of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in obese individuals. This study was performed to determine the effect of resistance training on serum level of IL-18 and hsCRP in obese men. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, eighteen obese men were randomly divided into training and control groups. After 12-hours fasting, height, weight, body mass index, body fat percent, serum level of IL-18 and hsCRP were assessed before and after training period. Resistance training protocol consisted of twelve weeks training, 3 sessions training per week, each session for 60 minutes. Results: Mean±SD of IL-18 were 323.34±46.57 pg/ml and 239.43±53.75 pg/ml in training and control groups, respectively. Mean±SD of hsCRP was 3.83±3.65 µg/ml and 3.03±2.98 µg/ml in training and control groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. Conclusion: Performing resistance training for twelve weeks did not significantly reduce IL-18 and hsCRP in obese men.

Background and Objective: There is a genetic background for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Due to increase metabolic disorders, lipoproteins, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension in PCOS patients, this study was done to determine the cardiovascular risk factors in first relative member of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrom in Shiraz, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case - control study was carried out on 107 parents and siblings of women with PCOS as cases and 107 non-PCOS parents and siblings of women as controls in Shiraz, Iran during 2007-08. Demographic characteristic, BMI, obesity and blood pressure were recorded for all subjects. Serum lipoproteins including total cholestrol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and fasting blood sugar were measured in cases and controls. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.5, independent t-test, Chi-Square and Kappa tests. Results: 35.3%, 26.5%, 11.76% and 5.8% of fatheres in cases were considered as overweight class I, class II, class III of obesity, respectively when compared to controls. This differecne was significant (P

Background and Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent (6-10%) endocrine glands disorders among child - bearing women. In addition to the patients, their first degree relatives are exposed to some risk factors such as abnormal lipoproteins. Due to high prevalence PCOS among women and the role of genetic factors in this abnormality, it is necessary to recognize high risk people particularly among first degree relative. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the level of serum lipoproteins in first degree relatives of patients with PCOS. Materials and Methods: This case control study was done on 107 individuals of the first degree relatives of PCOS patients as cases and 107 normal individuals of the first degree of non-PCOS as controls in Shiraz, Iran during 2009. Participants completed a test assessing demographics and blood sample were taken from all participants in order to assay serum lipoproteins including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride. Data was analyzed by means of independent t-test and Fisher's exact test as well as Chi-Square. Results: The means±SD of total cholesterol, HDLc and triglyceride in cases was 191±31.64, 167±4.06 and 191±31.64 mg/dl, respectively. The means±SD of total cholesterol, LDLc and triglyceride in controls was 158.25±18.25, 123±21.33 and 120.42±17.11 mg/dl, respectively. Serum level differences of LDL and triglyceride in cases and controls were significant (P

The problem of AIDS had not been recognized up to 1981 and in 1984 it was found that HIV virus is factor of this disease. For the time beings AIDS/HIV infection has chanched to a pandemic and cases affected to it are now reported from all over the world. In our country the first case was reported in 1987. Regarding the importance of disease and recognition of its prevention and transmission routes, based on disease epidemiology in country, this survey was conducted. This study was performed in 1999-2000 and is retrospective descriptive study. The main purpose of study is epidemiology of AIDS in Iran from beginning until now. Total information of cases of AIDS/HIV from beginning in Iran and all performed activities were obtained from ministry of health center for disease control-AIDS Dept. 95 files existing in the archives of Imam Khomeini hospital related to AIDS were also studied. 1953 cases of HIV+ have been reported until March of year 2000. At the same time 250 cases of AIDS have been reported which 215 of them died. Among transmission routes, in AIDS disease the most common way of transmission was transfusion of infected blood or its components but in HIV+ case the most one was drug injection. With respect to age, the higher and lower rate of affected people were in 30-39 and 0-4 ranges years respectively. The sex percentage in AIDS affected and HIV+ persons were 90.8% and 9.2%; 95.2% and 4.8% male and female respectively. 130 from 1953 HIV+ cases had travel to abroad.

In 100 healthy, adult and female mice weighing about 20 to 25 g each, paris of full thickness and nearly symmetrical cutaneous wounds, 100±15 mm² each were created in dorsolumbar region. Mice were divided into 3 groups randomly, group 1 (Right wound exposure), group 2 (Left wound exposure) and group 3 (Control). Wounds were exposed to laser He-Ne (632.8 were length and 16 mw constant power) for 10 days, 250 seconds each day. The control group mice were in equal situation except for the exposure wound were measured in size once every 2 days. Also biopsies were made from a clear number of cases once every 3 days from microscopic evaluation of wound healing stages. The difference in wound healing between the test groups and controls was significant as confirmed by statistical methods (E.g. one way ANOVA and SCHEFFE) with (?=0.05) and proved by microscopic findings. This experiment were made in "Blind" form. There was no significant difference in wound healing between 2 sides in test groups, this strengthens the idea that laser therapy causes the release of systemic wound healing factors

During pregnancy, the need of mother and fetus to iron gradually increases and will reach at its most level at the end of the pregnancy. This study was preformed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of pregnant women in Fars Province about supplements containing iron intake. Data collection was a questionnaire completed by face to face interview using simple nonrandom sampling method in 2997 pregnant women of urban and rural areas including their demographic information and questions about the importance and method of consumption, unused complications and the method of iron table intake. 44.4% of women were in the first pregnancy, 25.9% in the second, 14.2% in the third and 6.9% of pregnancies were unwanted ones. 75.9% of pregnant women were aware about the reason of iron supplementary use during pregnancy, 86.3% knew the method of administration and 91% used supplements containing iron after fourth month of pregnancy. The lowest rate was seen in Estahban and the highest in Abadeh and Eghlid and 43.3% used the tablet correctly. Further studies are needed to test the stool simultaneously to control daily iron intake and judge about the percentage of correct daily iron, the percentage of correct use and digestive system complications.

To explore the abnormalities in Iranian athletes' electrocardiogram and find any relation with body fat. 239 international athletes were involved in this cross sectional study. Body-fat percentage and resting 12-lead ECGs were recorded from all participants. Of 239 participant athletes, 212 were male and 27 female. 60% of participants had sinus bradycardia. A total of 84% of the athletes demonstrated at least 1 abnormal ECG finding. Average values for the PR, QRS and QT intervals, P-wave duration and QRS axis were in normal range. Frequencies of various ECG abnormal findings in all athletes were as follows: right axis deviation 4.2%, left ventricular hypertrophy 6.2%, sinus arrhythmia 5.8%, right bundle branch block (RBBB) 24.2% (incomplete RBBB 16.8%, complete RBBB 7.4%), ST elevation 72.5%, prolonged QT interval 1.7%, T inversion 3.1% and Mobitz type I 1.2%. The athletes' ECG response to treadmill stress test was normal with no ischemia or arrhythmia. The means of BMI and body-fat percentage were 24.04 ± 3.5 kg/m² and 9.15 ± 2.12%, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient between body-fat percentage and ST changes was 0.65 (P=0.008) in anterior leads and 0.198 (P=0.017) in lateral leads. Also, the correlation coefficient between the body fat percentage and right bundle branch block was 0.36 (P=0.013). The results of current study support the inclusion of ECG in athletes' cardiac screening before they engage in vigorous exercises in order to detect the potentially fatal arrhythmias.

In Wistar rats, reproductive behavior is controlled in a neural circuit of ventral forebrain including the medial amygdala (Me), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and medial preoptic area (MPOA) via perception of social odors. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a widespread metabolic disease that affects many organs in a variety of levels. DM can cause central neuropathies such as neuronal apoptosis, dendritic atrophy, neurochemical alterations and also causes reproductive dysfunctions. So we hypothesized damage to the nuclei of this circuit can cause reproductive dysfunctions. Therefore in this project we assessed diabetic effect on these nuclei. For this purpose neuron tracing technique and TUNEL assay were used. We injected HRP in the MPOA and counted labeled cells in the Me and BNST to evaluate the reduction of neurons in diabetic animals. Also, coronal sections were analyzed with the TMB histochemistry method. Animals in this study were adult male Wistar rats (230 ± 8g) divided to control and 10-week streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups. After data analysis by SPSS 16 software, a significant reduction of HRP-labeled neurons was shown in both Me and BNST nuclei in the diabetic group. Moreover, apoptotic cells were significantly observed in diabetic animals in contrast to control the group. In conclusion, these alterations of the circuit as a result of diabetes might be one of the reasons for reproductive dysfunctions.

Introduction: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have twice the risk for metabolicsyndrome as compared to women from the general population. Mothers and sisters of affected womenalso have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine theprevalence of metabolic syndrome in fathers of patients with PCOS.Materials and Methods: 34 fathers of PCOS patients were evaluated. The control group was 34 fathersof normal women. The data were obtained from the clinical history and personal interview with thepatients, the controls and their fathers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Prevalence ofmetabolic syndrome was determined according to Adult Treatment Panel index III (ATPIII) andInternational Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Also incidence of hypertension and impaired glucosetolerance test, insulin resistance and diabetes type II were considered in both groups .Results: According to ATPIII and IDF criteria, the prevalence of metabolic disorders was 29.35% and41.17 in the fathers of the PCOS patients and 8.85% and 11.76 % in the fathers of the control group,respectively (p