Search

U radu se analiziraju članci objavljeni u kulturno-političkom časopisu Srđ iz Dubrovnika tijekom njegova izlaženja (1902. – 1908.) kojima je glavna preokupacija jezik. Autor polazi od imaginarija Srba katolika u Dubrovniku da bi pokazao kako su se jezična pitanja problematizirala, odnosno kakva su bila stajališta uredništva i autora prema dubrovačkom govoru te prema dubrovačkoj književnosti – u prošlosti i danas. Na takav se način pokušava razumjeti uloga jezika u određivanju nacionalnog identiteta grada. Analiziraju se svi članci koji su relevantni za to pitanje, napose polemike i pregledi književnosti. Autor se fokusira ne samo na iznesene teze nego i na modele argumentiranja, čime želi istaknuti neke nedosljednosti tih koncepcija te posljedice njihove primjene., In this study, the articles published in the Dubrovnik cultural-political journal Srđ throughout the whole period of its publication (1902–1908) which deal with linguistic questions are taken into consideration. Beginning with an overview of the imagery of the movement of ‘Serbs Catholics in Dubrovnik, the researcher aims to demonstrate how linguistic issues were conceptualized, i.e. how the editors and published authors referred to the Dubrovnik vernacular and literature – now and in the past. In this way, the researcher aims at understanding the role of language in the determination of the national identity of the city. In the study, all articles which are relevant to this issue are analyzed, in particular polemics and companions to literature. The researcher focuses not only on the theses but also on the modes of argumentation to single out inconsistencies of the ideas in question and hence the outcomes of their use.

The understanding of national history and the structure of historical text. About some text-forming devices on the example of Polish history In the article some operational terms in historical text (here in the genre of the popular-scientific synthesis of a national history) are taken into consideration, notably: final (term by Boris Uspienski) and narration/narrative . It is demonstrated how the last link of a chain of events in historical representation – called by Uspienski the final – influences, and in fact enables, the very construction of any story about the past. Moreover, the final makes it possible to grasp all historical entities (protagonists, events, etc.) within a defined axiological sphere. Thus, some entities are considered to be good whereas some other are bad. Their role in a narrative is determined in relation to the final that affirms a teleology of a nation (here in the example of Polish nation). In this context, the two concepts that of event and process , taken from narratology (Doležel and van Dijk), are elaborated.

The Yugoslav NewspeakIn the article the issue of a language of the Yugoslav communists – called here after Orwell the totalitarian Newspeak – is taken into consideration. It aims at finding similarities and differences between the Polish and Yugoslav Newspeak basing on analysis of discourses of the Yugoslav dictator – Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav historiography and political slogans. In the first section concrete linguistic phenomena are taken into account (like lexical items, semantic dichotomies, periphrases, metaphors and so on), whereas in the second: extra-linguistic circumstances – including social-political and cultural context – making the Yugoslav communicative practices specific and different from the Polish ones.

A stylistic outline of a genre: synthesis of a nation’s history (a research of the Croatian and Serbian texts)In the article a particular genre, i.e. synthesis of a nation’s history, or national historiography, is stylistically elaborated. There are at least two reasons why this sort of genre, that has never been scholarly discussed, ought to be analyzed: a social-political relevance (books like A History of Poland, or A History of Croatia, or A History of Serbia play an important role in spreading historical consciousnesses and particular interpretations of history), a linguistic-stylistic (the very construction of texts of this sort differs in many respects from scholar texts possessing many popular-scholar linguistic markers and, additionally, since they concern history, the narrative itself has a its own peculiarity).

U radu se analiziraju učinci jezične politike u hrvatskoj u dvama vremenskim presjecima: u pedesetim godinama 20. stoljeća na primjeru popularnoznanstvene historiografije te u 2000. godini na primjeru tiskanih medija. Empirijska analiza pokazuje da se u prvom razdoblju (u tom konkretnom žanru) nije nametao ujednačen hrvatsko-srpski jezični izraz te da se ni u drugom slučaju nije nametnulo isključivo hrvatsku preskriptivnu normu (odnosno koristili su se srbizmi i navodni srbizmi). Kad je u pitanju druga vremenska razina, analiza pokazuje da su se mediji polarizirali po tom pitanju: izbor poželjnih jezičnih jedinica ovisio je o ideološkom profilu medija. U radu se zaključuje da nam još uvijek nedostaje znanje o jezičnoj zbilji koja bi mogla verificirati teze generalizirajućeg tipa: »U Jugoslaviji su se hrvatskom jeziku nametali srbizmi.« ili »U neovisnoj su se Hrvatskoj potiskivali srbizmi.« ili koje druge. Tek nam empririjska istraživanja u više domena komuniciranja, u više stilova i žanrova, u više vremenskih razdoblja, s brigom o frekvenciji jezičnih pojava, mogu odgovoriti na pitanje o načinu, vremenu i mjestu ostvarivanja jedne ili druge jezične politike., In the article, the results of Croatian linguistic policy from two periods are taken into consideration: the first during the 1950's in popular science historiography, and the second in the year 2000 in Croatian press. an empirical analysis demonstrates that there was no effort made to impose unified Serbo-Croatian linguistic expression during the first period (in this concrete genre), and likewise no such attempt to impose exclusively Croatian linguistic varieties was successful in the second period (meaning that Serbianisms and alleged Serbianisms were in use). As for the second period, the analysis demonstrates that various types of media were polarized in this respect: the choice of preferred linguistic items depended on the ideological profile of the media. The article draws the following conclusion: data concerning linguistic reality that would enable us to verify the general theses »In Yugoslavia, Serbianisms were imposed on the Croatian language« or »In independent Croatia Serbianisms were banned« etc., is still unavailable. Only empirical investigations in various domains of communication, in various styles/genres, on various temporal levels, with frequency taken into consideration, will enable us to answer the question of how, when and where the first and second language policy were put into practice.

Europe as a sign in the Yugoslav Communist newspeak basing on the Tito’s addresses Although the Yugoslav Communist newspeak resembled the Polish one on the formal level, it significantly different conceptualized and evaluated the extra‑linguistic reality, includ­ing primarily notions referring to main subjects of the international politics. It resulted from a diverse place the Communist Yugoslavia had in the Cold War order and its role within the non‑allied countries. As a result semantic relations were different in this discourse. The aim of this article is a reconstruction of the content of one of the most important signs in this lan­guage – the sign of Europe basing on the Yugoslav dictator’s (Josip Broz Tito) addresses. The research demonstrates that the cultural and social‑political context imposed other connota­tive features on the notion of Europe. As the result it has completely different functions that its Polish equivalent. This in turn leads to different types semiosis of this sign in both cultures and other signs coming from the same semantic field.

A life of signs in the network of codes. On semiotically-oriented studies of discourse and style (an analysis of the sign “Croatian nation”)In the article a semiotic theory of style and discourse is developed. According to some author’s previous research and theories by Bakhtin, Eco and Uspienski, the idea of overlapping of signs and codes is discussed. The sign-vehicle “Croatian nation” is taken into consideration in various contexts and various interlocutors (from Croatian literature, press and scholarly books). The result of such an investigation is aimed to empirically prove to what extent usual semantic interpretation deprives the whole meaning of texts.