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Background Drug abuse is a serious subject that can lead to social, economic, cultural and health problems. The routine approaches in treatment of drug abuse are either medication or non-medication methods. Non-medication approach is focused on mental and social health. Non-drug treatment requires appropriate tools. Objective To determine the validity, reliability, and structure of the Processes of Change Questionnaire. Methods In this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 2016, three hundred sixty-two drug dependents in Sabzevar Substance Abuse Treatment Centers (Iran) were enrolled in the study. Samples were selected through the multi-stage sampling method. They completed the 40-item Processes of Change Questionnaire (drug version). In this study, Backward-Forward method, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), test-retest, Cronbach's alpha, content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used, using AMOS 5.0 and SPSS version 11.5. Results Findings of the CFA showed the questionnaire has a good fit. The fit index of the CFA was calculated as 0.75. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 for the whole questionnaire, and ranged from 0.51 to 0.88 for its different domains. Also, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and content validity were satisfactory. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, the processes of change 40-item questionnaire: drug version was a credible, reliable and valid tool to identify effective factors in the treatment drug abuse among the population of the Sabzevar, Iran.

Objective (s): Physical inactivity is one of the biggest public health concerns. Due to various reasons such as pregnancy, women are more at risk of physical inactivity. This study performed to determine the influence of an educational intervention on promoting postpartum physical activity based on BAZNEF model, among women referred to health centers. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study which conducted on 168 women referred to health centers during six weeks to one year after delivery. Samples divided in two groups; intervention and control by using a random allocation. Data collected by BASNEF questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).. The educational intervention was designed in four sessions. Control group received no intervention except postpartum routine care. Three months after intervention, the questionnaire was completed again in two groups. Results: Pretest results revealed no significant differences in demographic characteristics and BASNEF model constructs in both groups (p>0/05). However, after intervention there was a significant differences between two groups in terms of BASNEF model including knowledge, attitude, normative believes, enabling factors and intention (P

Background: By considering, transactional model is one of the most comprehensive model for reduction of stress, this study was determined the role of Transactional Model constructs in Yazd teachers of Primary school by using of Structural Equation Model. Methods: This research was a descriptive- analytical. Categorized approach was applied for sampling. A standard questionnaire and the questionnaire planned based on Transactional Model were applied for data collection. Validity (CVR=0.85) and reliability (α=0.87) of instrument confirmed by experts. SPSS15 and LISREL8.8 software were used for data analysis. Results: In this research 200 Yazd teachers of primary schools (average age of 41.70±5.69) were participated. The results of this study showed the effect of stress on secondary appraisal and primary appraisal was -0.87 and 0.84, respectively. Our results also showed an inverse relationship between perceived stress and secondary appraisal also between primary appraisal and coping effort. Also, the results were confirmed validity and good fitness of model, because of the RMSEA=0.0329 and index χ2/df were less than 3. Conclusion: Since the constructs of this model had a significant effect on the stress, it suggests the policies and plans for improvement of these factors.