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The micromorphology of deeply weathered soils (Ferralsols/Latossolos) from the Central Plateau of Brazil remains little studied, and its affiliation to different parent materials, poorly known. To clarify the processes of soil formation of these acric, gibbsitic, Fe-oxide rich Ferralsols, three lithotoposequences on local ultrabasic to basic intrusive rocks were studied. The influences of mixing and pedobioturbation are evident in all soils, and Ferralsols of the Central Plateau of Brazil are polygenetic, based on the coarse mineral composition, with ultrabasic and metapelitic rock contributions. The typical oxic microstructure with stable microaggregates encompasses a gibbsite/Fe rich micromass with random inclusions of charcoal, allochthonous quartz, Ti-magnetite, and perovskite grains. Shallow Cambisols (Cambissolos) on tuffites also display a similar 'oxic' microstructure, but a much lower degree of weathering. These Cambisols possesses apatite, and mafic and pelitic minerals as residuals minerals grains, indicating the polygenetic colluvia mixture of different substrates. The common occurrence of perovskite (CaTiO3) as a residual grain in deep-weathered, acric Ferralsols on ultrabasic rocks, not yet reported in the literature, shows an unusual resistant Ca reserve in oxic soils, though nothing is known about its implications to soil fertility. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-28T00:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micromorphologyandgenesisofsoilsfromtopolitosequencesinthebraziliancentralplateau2019.pdf: 8239209 bytes, checksum: 66f402389d8c9eabbc78cf69a0c4fc35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Os Planossolos assumem, na região do Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco, grande importância econômica, tanto pela sua magnitude de ocupação quanto pela utilização intensiva, especialmente com atividades agropecuárias. Aspectos como dualidade ou retrabalhamento do material de origem e natureza dos processos envolvidos na formação das marcantes diferenciações texturais e nas concentrações de Na e de sais são pontos importantes a serem esclarecidos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de pedogênese dos Planossolos no Agreste de Pernambuco, com base nos resultados das análises físicas, químicas, mineralógicas, macromorfológicas e, especialmente, micromorfológicas. Foram estudados três perfis de solos com marcante contraste textural, em trincheiras abertas ao longo de uma topossequência de solos. Realizaram-se análises físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e macro e micromorfológicas. Verificou-se que os solos são autóctones e que os nítidos contrastes texturais, devido à argilização dos horizontes Bt, parecem ser, principalmente, o resultado de uma combinação de processos e não uma simples eluviação-iluviação (lessivagem). Entre esses processos estão incluídos a intemperização de biotitas, com formação in situ de argilas, e as perdas dessa fração, devido a movimentações laterais por arraste mecânico ou dissoluções. A combinação exata desses processos, bem como a acumulação de Na, foi fortemente influenciada pelo posicionamento dos solos no relevo. In the Agreste region of Pernambuco state, Planosols are economically highly important, due to the degree of occupation, as well as the heavy use, mainly for agricultural activities. Aspects such as duality or reworking of parent material, which characterize the processes involved in the formation of the marked textural differences and of Na and salt concentrations, are important points to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the pedogenetic process of the Planosols in the region Agreste, state of Pernambuco, based on physical, chemical, mineralogical, macromorphological, and especially micromorphological data. Three soil profiles with marked textural contrast were studied, in trenches opened along a soil toposequence. Physical, chemical, mineralogical, and macro and micromorphological analyses were performed. The soils were found to be autochthonous and the sharp textural contrasts due to argilic Bt horizons seem to be mainly the result of a combination of processes and not simply Elution-illuviation. The processes include the weathering of biotite, forming in situ clay fraction, and losses due to lateral movement by mechanical drag or dissolution. The exact combinations of these processes and Na accumulation were strongly related to the soil position in the landscape.