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Background: Holocaust memory and learning processes have become increasingly mediatised as a result of rapid technological advances. There is, however, little information available regarding how people learn about this topic informally through social media. Objectives: This paper explores how adult learners develop their learning ecologies by using social media to learn about the Holocaust informally. Methods: The study uses a learning ecology perspective to analyse the interests, expectations and learning process of a group of adult learners (N = 276). An online survey tool was developed to collect information on the interests, expectations, and benefits of learning about Holocaust-related topics among online users of four Italian Holocaust museums' social media profiles (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the characteristics of the sample and to answer the research questions. Results and Conclusions: The results show that most of the respondents are mostly women, with an average age of 50 and a higher level of education. In terms of interest and expectations, they are particularly interested in issues related to the intertwining of transnational and national memory. They also express a sense of civic responsibility with regard to the legacy of the Holocaust. Finally, components of the learning process show proactive behaviour and a preference for individual learning, while interaction with peers is considered less important. Takeaways: There is an urgent need to understand how learners' preferences influence the development of learning ecologies and the types of content they are most likely to be exposed to as a result. It is also important for social media content providers to understand that learners are looking for quality resources and trustworthy content to further their education.

Despite their growing popularity, there are many contradictory arguments between supporters and detractors of MOOCs. Nevertheless, the advent of mass-scale online courses is increasingly credited to have the potential to reshape higher education significantly over time, and recent research analyses how and in which ways such a potential can be leveraged. Aim of this conceptual study is to incorporate the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework into learning design practice to overcome current MOOCs pedagogical limitations. In order to be applied to a large number of participants, the three presences of the CoI framework (social, cognitive and metacognitive, and teaching) need to be adjusted and combined with the distributed learning approach. In this way, fostering distributed learning among participants would lead learners to take responsibility for their learning experience through the exploitation of roles and tasks traditionally assigned to distinct and separate roles. These adjustments could address issues of participation, motivation, and enhance successful learning experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Media tools are seen by many authors as powerful drivers of change for teaching and learning practices, in terms of openness, interactivity and sociability. However, extensive surveys about actual use that are carried out with large samples at a national level are rare. This study reports the results of a survey addressed to the Italian academic staff, with the aim of identifying the uses of Social Media in the field of university teaching practices. The response rate was 10.5%, corresponding to 6139. The respondents were asked to identify frequency of use, motivations, teaching practices and obstacles related to the use of a number of tools: generic social network sites (Twitter, Facebook), professional and academic networking services (LinkedIn, ResearchGate and Academia.edu ), tools to write and comment (blogs, wikis) and to archive and retrieve content material for lectures and group work (podcasts, YouTube and Vimeo, SlideShare). Analyses of data tested which socio-demographic variables mostly affected frequency of use, and the relationships between motivations, ways of use, barriers to use and the scientific discipline. The results show that Social Media use is still rather limited and restricted and that academics are not much inclined to integrate these devices into their practices for several reasons, such as cultural resistance, pedagogical issues or institutional constraints. However, there are differences among academics in the ways they use Social Media or perceive them, mostly depending on the scientific discipline of teaching. Overall, the results emphasise ambivalent attitudes towards the benefits and challenges of Social Media in the context of higher education with obstacles prevailing over advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated how the participants of an online learning course employed figurative language to express their emotions and feelings during the learning experience. Textual analysis was carried out in the social and metacognitive discussion areas as those related to the expression of the social dimension. Its aim was to analyze the distribution of figurative language across the course, to understand if figurative language elicited the creation of new figurative language, and to classify recurring types of conceptual categories. Results show that figurative language use increased in coincidence with crucial, social events; it did not necessarily encourage the production of further figurative language; and it allowed participants to represent their affective domain and to conceptualize the learning environment in an original manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on the authors' experience in using SoftArc Intranet FirstClass[sup TM] as a collaborative learning environment and discusses and exemplifies the pros and cons of choosing this system for running online courses. After a short description of FirstClass and its educational uses, the paper focuses on some case studies: two courses developed and run by the Institute for Educational Technology of the Italian Research Council. These are used as a basis for qualitative considerations about the strengths and weaknesses of FirstClass, including occasional comparisons with the performance of similar systems. In the exposition, a distinction is made between the viewpoints of the course student, the course tutor and designer, and the course administrator. The main conclusion is that FirstClass lends itself very well to managing collaborative learning processes at a distance, providing a very simple and easy to understand interface which can be configured by the course designers according to different design principles. As far as the system's weaknesses are concerned, we must mention that it does not offer sufficient support for the web design tasks that course tutors, designers and students sometimes have to carry out. Moreover, it lacks ad hoc functions for the analysis of communication flows, which are very useful for formative evaluation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]