1. Leishmaniasis as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: A Literature Review.
- Author
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Badaró R, Gonçalves LO, Gois LL, Maia ZP, Benson C, and Grassi MF
- Subjects
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections immunology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections virology, Adult, Female, HIV Infections immunology, Humans, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome immunology, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome virology, Leishmaniasis virology, Male, Middle Aged, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections parasitology, HIV Infections parasitology, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome parasitology, Leishmaniasis immunology
- Abstract
Introduction: After the onset of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), some HIV-infected patients present a severe inflammation in response to a latent or a previously treated opportunistic pathogen termed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Few reports of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis have been described in association with IRIS., Methods: A systematic literature review of IRIS in association with leishmaniasis identified 34 reported cases., Results and Discussion: The majority of these occurred in males 4 months following the onset of HAART. The mean CD4 count before HAART was 94 ± 77 cells/mm³ increasing to 5 times the initial value between the onset of HAART and IRIS presentation. Visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis were the most commonly reported clinical manifestations, followed by tegumentary leishmaniasis and uveitis., Conclusions: Commonly found characteristics included cutaneous involvement, regardless of Leishmania species; appearance of lesions unrelated to time of probable Leishmania infection; rapid recovery of CD4 count following HAART; and rapid progression., (© The Author(s) 2014.)
- Published
- 2015
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