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The scientifc exchange correspondence of the Dundo Museum Biology Laboratory (Angola), included in the archive of António de Barros Machado (1912–2002) and Dora Lustig (1907–1986), constitutes a valuable repository of information for the history of contemporary science, particularly in the feld of natural sciences— botany, entomology, mammals, ornithology, primates, reptiles, termites, zoogeography, zoology—and of biology. This paper describes the application of the Records in Contexts model to the correspondence collection, with the aim of representing two realities: its production context and the relationships between scientists. The exploration of the model sought to understand its fundamentals and, simultaneously, model the information, starting by identifying the entities, attributes and relations needed for the collection representation scheme. This study resulted in a modelling exercise of the relations between 11 correspondents and the director of the Dundo Museum Biology Laboratory, Barros Machado, regarding the work on the museum collections which culminated in the publication of scientifc articles in Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola [Cultural Publications of the Diamond Company of Angola]. In the future, it is proposed to apply the same scheme to the description of the remaining scientists in the epistolary collection.

Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) as networks of knowledge have the potential to inform AI operations. This paper explores natural language processing and machine learning in the context of KOS ...

Increasingly, it has been hard to ignore that standalone KOSs are becoming functionally ineffective components for knowledge-based AI systems, given their inability to capture the continuous faceti...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to semantically annotate the content of digital images with the use of Semantic Web technologies and thus facilitate retrieval, integration and knowledge discovery. Design/Methodology/Approach After a review and comparison of the existing semantic annotation models for images and a deep analysis of the characteristics of the content of images, a multi-dimensional and hierarchical general semantic annotation framework for digital images was proposed. On this basis, taking histories images, advertising images and biomedical images as examples, by integrating the characteristics of images in these specific domains with related domain knowledge, the general semantic annotation framework for digital images was customized to form a domain annotation ontology for the images in a specific domain. The application of semantic annotation of digital images, such as semantic retrieval, visual analysis and semantic reuse, were also explored. Findings The results showed that the semantic annotation framework for digital images constructed in this paper provided a solution for the semantic organization of the content of images. On this basis, deep knowledge services such as semantic retrieval, visual analysis can be provided. Originality/Value The semantic annotation framework for digital images can reveal the fine-grained semantics in a multi-dimensional and hierarchical way, which can thus meet the demand for enrichment and retrieval of digital images.

The content of master’s programs accredited by the American Library Association was examined to assess the status of knowledge organization (KO) as a subject in current training. Data collected sho...

PurposeThis study demonstrates the synthesis of a knowledge organization framework from tourist reviews and an ontological model with its implementation in graph database, which is based on this framework. The aim is to influence place-making outcomes at tourist destinations.Design/methodology/approachThe faceted classification approach has been used for generating and validating the framework based on online reviews about urban tourism parks. The framework was used to develop an ontology using Protégé ontology editor that was implemented using GraphDB.FindingsThree fundamental facet categories, namely Component, Aspect and Outcome, each consisting of several sub-facets, were synthesized from the analyses of the reviews. Besides helping in constructing the ontology, the analysis also helped in calculating an importance-score for the reviews that helped in ranked information retrieval.Research limitations/implicationsThe analyses of the reviews were done manually and may carry human bias. But it is robust as it is based on a canonical faceted methodology.Practical implicationsIt is envisaged that this study will help tourist destination planners in decision-making by easing the utilization of tourist generated reviews by the knowledge management systems they use. Opinions of tourists will be induced in destination planning thereby helping in the production of quality “places.”Originality/valueThe presented faceted framework aims to specifically aid knowledge organization pertaining to online reviews related to tourist destinations. The focus is on organizing knowledge to facilitate tourism development for better place-making outcomes, which is an important area of research though it has little contributions.

PurposeThe paper aims to present the development of conceptualization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on associations with other articles on English edition of Wikipedia. The main goal of the paper is to study the social organization of knowledge about COVID-19 within the Wikipedia community of practice.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach taken in this study was based on the application of Moscovici's theory of social representations to Wikipedia's knowledge organization system (KOS). Internal links in the Wikipedia article about COVID-19 were considered anchors in its social representations. Each link in the introductory part of the article was considered an indicator of the semantic relationship between COVID-19 and other concepts from Wikipedia's knowledge base. The subject of this study was links extracted from all revisions of the COVID-19 article between February and September 2020. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on these conceptual structures using both synchronic and diachronic approaches.FindingsIt was found that the evolution of anchors in the Wikipedia article on COVID-19 was in line with the mechanism of symbolic coping related to infectious disease. It went through stages of divergence, convergence and normalization. It shows that this mechanism governs the social organization of knowledge related to COVID-19 on Wikipedia.Originality/valueNo studies have been devoted to the image of COVID-19 as presented by the evolution of links in Wikipedia and its implications for knowledge organization (KO).

Three popular knowledge organization systems (KOSs)—the Encyclopaedia Britannica’s “Outline of Knowledge,” Roget’s International Thesaurus’s “Synopsis of Categories,” and the Dewey Decimal ...

It has been argued that the Dewey Decimal Classification system—the DDC—is Hegelian, that the primary division of the system is based on Hegel’s philosophy. This article argues against thi...

PurposeThe purpose is to map and discuss two schools of thought in knowledge organization research. The objective of this mapping is to examine the conceptual views and the derived questions and concerns voiced in these two schools and whether they fit with concerns in contemporary digital culture.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is a comparative analysis and discussion.FindingsThe comparative analysis and discussion point out the different sets of questions the two schools are concerned with distinct epistemological and ontological implications.Originality/valueThe originality of this article is the naming, mapping and discussion of two schools of research in knowledge with a view to how they fit with problems of ordering, archiving and searching in digital culture.

Metadata has been analyzed and summarized. Based on Dublin Core metadata, combined with the characteristics and forms of intangible cultural heritage, this article explores the metadata for intangible cultural heritage in knowledge organizations based on relevant resource description standards. The Wuhan woodcarving ship model is presented as an example of national intangible cultural heritage to control the application of metadata in intangible cultural heritage knowledge organizations. New ideas are provided for the digital development of intangible cultural heritage.

Objetive . Identify the characteristics and relevance of publications in scientific event, the impact of citations (h-index, g-index and citation/year) and the generation of an impact index. Method . The method that applied to investigated was identify the 277 teachers of the Information Science postgraduate schools, and was developed a software to discover the perform and the filtering of the data of the curriculum Lattes (the ProspectorWare), and was used for complementary analysis the Google Scholar and Publish or Perish to identify the impact indexes. Results . The main results we had a very high frequency for scientific events has a National Symposium of Research in Information Science (ENANCIB) and International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) in terms of publication, but the most frequently cited meetings were Intercom, SBPC and ISKO (all with more than 75 citations/year). For the g-index we had as highlight Intercom, ISSI, SBPC and National Encounters of Production Engineering (all with index higher than 15), and for the h-index was Intercom and SBPC (with index higher than 10). In relation to the quality factor system we once again highlight Intercom (factor 68,19), SBPC (factor 15,32), ISSI (13,55) and National Meeting of Production Engineering (11,45). Conclusions . We consider it relevant to highlight that this study is a first contact with the quantification of the quality of the scientific meetings in the Information Science and that it must undergo adjustment in a second attempt, however, it was evident that meeting with larger structures and with the concern in providing content in receive more quotes.

The classification of Western art music is a complex area of knowledge organization, yet the reasons for those complexities have not been fully studied. This article dissects the concept of orthogonality, in particular regard to music classification. Orthogonality (antonym: dependency) means that one facet acts independently from another facet. While orthogonality is an assumed quality of facets, it has attracted relatively little attention in knowledge organization discourse. This article utilizes bibliographic classification schemes, musicological writings, and musical works, to analyse orthogonality in music classification. The relationships between the medium, form/genre and function facets are unpicked and a strong dependency is found between these facets. Whether this orthogonality exists as a construct of faceted classification or stems from the domain knowledge is explored. Furthermore, the analysis initiates new thinking about the general concept of orthogonality. The idea of a spectrum of dependency is proposed. In addition, novel, orthogonality-derived phenomena are discussed – “dynamic facets” and “meta-dependency” – where the boundary between what is and is not a facet are blurred. The concluding model visualizes the chain of dependencies between music facets, ultimately showing how the lack of orthogonality plays a key role in the complexity and issues found in music classification.

PurposeThis study aims to present a new framework for ethical creation and evaluation of multi-perspective knowledge organization systems.Design/methodology/approachApplying Held's understanding of the ethics of care, this paper proposes five operative criteria for ethical building and evaluation of multi-perspective knowledge representation and organization systems.FindingsThis paper argues that a carefully designed multipoint view of representation and organization conforms to the proposed ethical criteria and shifts concerns associated with the expectation of neutrality of library information professionals to the necessity to humanize and diversify the representation and organization of knowledge to build inclusive and equitable systems.Originality/valueThis paper presents multi-perspectiveness as key to ethical knowledge organization. The paper proposes a generic taxonomy of the main stages in the creation of multi-perspective knowledge representation and organization systems and demonstrates how to apply the proposed framework in each stage to ensure ethical outcomes.

PurposeDrawing from boundary-spamming knowledge processes and knowledge-based theory, the purpose of this paper is to study enablers of the knowledge management (KM) process using robust multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools like interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the knowledge-based view and through the detailed literature review among different KM success, eight enablers were identified. By using the ISM-DEMATEL approach, a systematic framework was designed, and further cause–effect relationship diagram visualized a causal relationship among the enablers.FindingsThe combined approach of ISM-DEMATEL showcase that “knowledge creation” and “knowledge capture” are essential enablers. These two identified enablers have considered being pillars for KM implementation. On the other side, knowledge organization, knowledge application are dependent enablers.Practical implicationsFrom a practical viewpoint, the findings of this research work enable the industry consultants to identify the most prominent driving enablers for KM implementation. Additionally, it provides a clue for the effective implementation of KM in a systematic approach.Originality/valueThe integrated method depending on the hierarchical model and cause–effect relationship between enablers of the KM process is a novel approach that opens a new research area in this domain. Moreover, this is the first-ever attempt to combine ISM along with DEMATEL to identify enablers of the KM process.

This paper explores the ability to define bibliographic classification systems as socially significant documents in a way that goes beyond their immediate function in the information retrieval process. It does so in dialog with theory on documents and documentality, and knowledge organization theory. Two examples show how development of new classification systems address social and cultural structures in periods of rapid social and cultural change and crisis. The first example discusses the design of a classification system for Swedish public libraries in the late 1910s, and the second addresses the re-formulation of the Holocaust experience in American Jewish library classification practice in the 1950s and 1960s. Results indicate that social significance to classification systems influence the definition their institutional context in relation to wider social issues and movements. The character of this influence suggests research on documentality needs to address the relation between form and content in documents defined as reifications of social acts.

This paper presents the exploratory study conducted with the goal of developing an understanding of the current state of information representation and knowledge organisation in cultural heritage collections in Arabian Gulf countries and perspectives for future developments. This comparative case study focused on three institutions (an archive, an academic library, and a museum), including early adopters and leaders in digital archiving in the region. The mixed-methods research combined semi-structured interviews with in-depth comparative content analysis of metadata records that represent items in institutions’ collections. Despite the limitations of the small-sample analysis, this exploratory case study makes a substantial contribution to research and practice. It is the first study to evaluate information representation and knowledge organisation practices in cultural heritage collections of Arabian Gulf countries. This study also can inform planning and implementation of the large-scale study of the state and perspectives of information representation and knowledge organisation across digital and physical collections of libraries, museums, and archives in the region. Suggestions for future research are included. Practical implications of the study include empirical support for the need for metadata training, developing and documenting metadata creation guidelines and crosswalks, collection and use of feedback from users and knowledge management professionals to improve information representation and knowledge organisation. Results also provide insights into interoperability potential of metadata for future regional, national and international aggregations of cultural heritage digital collections across the Arabian Gulf region.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how editors participate in Wikidata and how they organize their work.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study used content analysis of discussions involving data curation and negotiation in Wikidata. Activity theory was used as a conceptual framework for data collection and analysis.FindingsThe analysis identified six activities: conceptualizing the curation process, appraising objects, ingesting objects from external sources, creating collaborative infrastructure, re-organizing collaborative infrastructure and welcoming newcomers. Many of the norms and rules that were identified help regulate the activities in Wikidata.Research limitations/implicationsThis study mapped Wikidata activities to curation and ontology frameworks. Results from this study provided implications for academic studies on online peer-curation work.Practical implicationsAn understanding of the activities in Wikidata will help inform communities wishing to contribute data to or reuse data from Wikidata, as well as inform the design of other similar online peer-curation communities, scientific research institutional repositories, digital archives and libraries.Originality/valueWikidata is one of the largest knowledge curation projects on the web. The data from this project are used by other Wikimedia projects such as Wikipedia, as well as major search engines. This study explores an aspect of Wikidata WikiProject editors to the author’s knowledge has yet to be researched.

The lack of standardization in the production, organization and dissemination of information in documentation centers and institutions alike, as a result from the digitization of collections and their availability on the internet has called for integration efforts. The sheer availability of multimedia content has fostered the development of many distinct and, most of the time, independent metadata standards for its description. This study aims at presenting and comparing the existing standards of metadata, vocabularies and ontologies for multimedia annotation and also tries to offer a synthetic overview of its main strengths and weaknesses, aiding efforts for semantic integration and enhancing the findability of available multimedia resources on the web. We also aim at unveiling the characteristics that could, should and are perhaps not being highlighted in the characterization of multimedia resources.

Nearly fifty years after the incorporation of the International Society for Knowledge Organization and the introduction of its formal scientific journal Knowledge Organization, a comprehensive encyclopedia of the domain appeared. The practice of domain analysis for knowledge organization, twenty years after its introduction as a core methodology, has created the largest corpus of theoretical knowledge in the domain analysis of knowledge organization itself. A substantial body of research data, therefore, is available in the corpus of articles and conference papers reporting on the epistemological and ontological pillars of the science of knowledge organization. This paper is a report on the evolution of a formal taxonomy of knowledge organization, which is a product of an exhaustive meta-analysis of the KO domain. Our team compiled the corpus of twenty-nine formal published analyses together with key formative historical documents. We then analyzed the corpus thematically, bibliographically, and using co-word analysis to extract key concepts and the underlying faceted conceptual infrastructure. The taxonomy itself is faceted and is linked where possible to published definitions in the KO literature and as well as to the online ISKO Encyclopedia of Knowledge Organization. A dynamic project, the taxonomy will be maintained as linked open data and will grow as emergent research contributes new concepts or generates new facets.

The “author” is a concept central to many publication and documentation practices, often carrying legal, professional, social, and personal importance. Typically viewed as the solitary owner of their creations, a person is held responsible for their work and positioned to receive the praise and criticism that may emerge in its wake. Although the role of the individual within creative production is undeniable, literary (Foucault 1977; Bloom 1997) and knowledge organization (Moulaison et. al. 2014) theorists have challenged the view that the work of one person can-or should-be fully detached from their professional and personal networks. As these relationships often provide important context and reveal the role of community in the creation of new things, their absence from catalog records presents a falsely simplified view of the creative process. Here, we address the consequences of what we call the “author-as-owner” concept and suggest that an “author-as-node” approach, which situates an author within their networks of influence, may allow for more relational representation within knowledge organization systems, a framing that emphasizes rather than erases the messy complexities that affect the production of new objects and ideas.

Scholars and practitioners have exposed the limitations of traditional Euro-American approaches to knowledge organization (KO) when it comes to Indigenous topics. To develop more effective KO practices, there is a need for KO practitioners to understand Indigenous perspectives at an epistemological level. A theoretically-informed model of Indigenous systems of knowledge serves as a pedagogical tool to support the labor of boundary-spanning and code-switching between Euro-American KO practices and Indigenous KO practices.

The Sixteenth International Conference on Knowledge Organization was to have been held in Aalborg, Denmark in July 2020. Cancelled due to COVID-19, the proceedings were published online on 4 December 2020 containing 48 full papers, 17 short papers and 14 posters. Informetric analysis of the proceedings reveals the shifting intension and extension of the knowledge organization domain. International participation was extensive as usual. There is a much larger share of empirical and applied technical research, and therefore much less historical or analytical work than before. The shape of the research front continues to revolve around concept theory and domain analysis, but cultural and ethical issues are more prevalent than before, having attained nearly core status. There is new emphasis on concepts around interdisciplinarity and phenomenon-based knowledge organization systems, and facet analytical theory has been extended into new approaches in the linked data environment. There are more journal articles than before. No monographs are highly cited but interdisciplinarity, Wittgenstein, domain analysis and music classification are prominent alongside archival science and ontology construction on the bookshelf for this conference. Among conferences ISKO and its chapters predominate. The discourse represented by the works on ISKO 16’s bookshelf seems to be rooted in classical concept theory. There is some concretization of discourse concerning interoperability and the continued distancing from ideas of single or “universal” knowledge organization systems. There is a recurrence of concepts of warrant buttressing the extension of research into issues of culture and identity.

Domain analysis is useful for examination of individual spheres of intellectual activity, both academic and otherwise, and has been used in the knowledge organization (KO) literature to explore specific communities and uses, including web pornography (Beaudoin and Ménard 2015), virtual online worlds (Sköld, Olle 2015), gourmet cooking (Hartel 2010), healthy eating (McTavish 2015), art studies (Ørom 2003), the Knowledge Organization journal (Guimarães et al. 2013), and domain analysis itself (Smiraglia 2015). The results of domain analyses are useful for the development of controlled vocabularies, taxonomies, ontologies, metadata schemas, and other systems for the documentation, description, and discovery of resources, as well as for knowledge discovery in general (Smiraglia 2015; Hjørland 2017). This research describes a methodology for the elucidation of knowledge organization systems (KOS) currently in use on image websites that document graffiti, graffiti art, and street art around the world.

Politics is about the distribution of goods and risks. We can describe the distribution of goods, and we can also characterize those distributions as a kind of inequality. As a baseline definition of “politics of information” we mean the distribution of information goods across different populations. Despite a strong tradition of disciplinary focus in information science, much of the literature is still given over to fairly simple notions of social form and structure. A nascent knowledge organization practice dedicated to social difference is explicitly motivated by justice and nomenclature. Not only is knowledge organization a tool of cultural hegemony, but also it can be read as a product of cultural ordering and bias. Identifying unjust and politically oppressive practice must be part of the path to justice. Understanding the political construction of knowledge organization is essential for the theory of information service in order to build a more just professional practice.

Evolution of cities is a subject of research for over a hundred years in the organization of urban knowledge systems. Locating five key methodological approaches used by urban scholars and practitioners, this paper demonstrates different relationships between urban studies and classification. Five significant themes form the background of urban studies literature. The first theme sources and literature explore organizing urban materials into sources and literature with a unique dimension of spatiality. The second theme discusses three important facets: scale as a geographic unit of analysis and space as an abstract entity and system as a set of interdependent parts of urban places. The third theme, known as “other” urban, argued for the poor treatment of global south and how it builds inclusivity. The fourth theme, classification and retrieval, investigates the relationship between urban materials and user needs. The last theme, classification schemes, highlights subject treatment of urban in the existing library classification schemes. This paper concludes that the five themes discussed point to a model of urban studies classification. However, this model is not just concerned with urban methods, facets and formats, but explores how each theme interconnects with various sets of people-urbanists, practitioners and librarians-and through studying these actors, established boundaries of urban theories, urban librarianship and knowledge organization are crossed.

Is knowledge neutral? Can it be? Are there ways to produce neutral and objective knowledge? Different theories about knowledge and science have implications for how research is done and how different knowledge organization systems (KOS) and knowledge organization processes (KOP) are made and understood. Such questions are epistemological. This article starts considering how feminist researchers have questioned the objectivity of research about women and introduces the concept “epistemological violence”. It further takes a broad view of the main families of epistemological theories and demonstrate trends towards historical, interpretative and pragmatic perspectives in the understanding of knowledge and research. The main emphasis in the article is given to the question of whether knowledge is neutral or political and concludes that it is better to have explicit subjectivity than subjectivity disguised as objectivity. The article also discusses the importance of these perspectives for information science and knowledge organization. Section 1 raises the issue of this article: whether Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) and Knowledge Organization Processes (KOP) are neutral or political by nature and whether it is a fruitful ideal that they should be neutral. These questions are embedded in the broader issue of scientific and scholarly research methods and their philosophical assumptions: What kinds of methods and what epistemological assumptions lie behind the construction of KOS (and research in general)? Section 2 presents and discusses basic approaches and epistemologies and their status in relation to neutrality. Section 3 offers a specific example from feminist scholarship in order clearly to demonstrate that methodologies that often claims to be or are considered apolitical represent subjectivity disguised as objectivity. It contains 4 subsections: Feminist views on 3.1: History; 3.2 Psychology; 3.3 Knowledge Organization and 3.4. Epistemology. Overall, feminist scholarship has argued that methodologies, claiming neutrality but supporting repression of groups of people should be termed epistemological violence and they are opposed to social, critical, and pragmatic epistemologies which reflect the interaction between science and the greater society. Section 4 discusses the relation between the researchers’ (and indexers’) political attitudes and their paradigms/indexing. Section 5 considers the contested nature of epistemological labels, and Section 6 concludes that the question of whose interest is a specific KOS, algorithm or information system serving should always be at the forefront in information studies and knowledge organization (KO).

This case study aims to preserve and disseminate cultural heritage information about the North American community folk dance tradition of contra dance through development of a thesaurus of choreographic terms and a domain ontology. A survey of dance resources was conducted, reviewing historic and modern examples of contra dance choreography notation and instructions, records of dance events, and recordings of dance performances. Domain and content analysis were performed on the resources to collect and organize concepts and themes regarding choreographic components and their relationships, the structure and function of cultural works, their creative expressions, and the evidence of those expressions in documents and recordings. Vocabulary used in the description of contra dance choreography was identified, classified, and notated to build a thesaurus, which was used as the basis of a domain ontology. Ontology building methodology and existing conceptual models for cultural heritage domains guided the ontology development and revision phases. The study also seeks to safeguard an intangible cultural heritage by applying knowledge organization and semantic approaches to folk dance in order to model such challenges as multiple, simultaneous modes of communication and forms of representation, modular conceptual components, descriptive sequences, differing levels of structured information, and complex cultural networks found at various levels of domain discourse.

We examine the way in which religion is managed in the major library classification schemes and in archival practice and how and why bias and misrepresentation occur. Broad definitions of what is meant by diversity and religious pluralism and why it is a cause for concern precede a discussion of the standard model of interreligious attitudes (exclusivism/inclusivism/pluralism) with particular reference to the philosophy of John Hick. This model is used as a lens through which to evaluate knowledge organization systems (KOSs) for evidence of comparable theoretical positions and to suggest a possible typology of religious KOSs. Archival and library practice are considered, and, despite their very different approaches, found to have some similarities in the way in which traditional societal structures have affected bias and misrepresentation of religious beliefs. There is, nevertheless, evidence of a general move towards a more pluralistic attitude to different faiths.

The ethics of describing and indexing works which have an element of deception is an important topic within the arena of knowledge organization (KO). However, what happens if the unreal element is for artistic purposes and is part of the experience of the document? The focus of this article is on the KO of art documentation. It considers art documents where unreality and mistruth are part of a document’s creative and artistic purpose. Three examples of exhibition documentation for contemporary art are explored. These illuminate the KO implications of unreal elements in artworks, exhibitions and documents, and the interplay between them. Three models are then presented relating to the KO of unreality. Model one shows how the wishes of the creator are a significant part of ethical KO for art and the ethical KO decisions which result from the performative and experiential aspects of art documentation. Model two illustrates how the placement of the unreality in relation to metadata creation can have a critical impact on ethical decisions in KO. Model three posits unreal-ness as a novel type of information about metadata creation, introducing categories such as motive for the deception. It shows how this original way of contemplating applied ethics in KO is vital for all ethically challenging works. Ultimately, considering the KO ethics of art documentation extends our thinking about how to deal with deception and unreality and adds an important aesthetic-ethical dimension to the corpus of work on KO ethics.

This study aims to identify the profiles of researchers in the knowledge organization domain on Google Scholar Citations (GSC) and investigate its sociological and ontological dimensions. The sociological dimension is related to GSC users who declared research interests that fall within the scope of the knowledge organization domain. The ontological dimension is based on the study of these concepts. Domain analysis was used as a methodological framework for this study. A search was conducted on GSC using keywords in order to create a list of scholars who declared the knowledge organization domain as one of their research interests in their Google Scholar Profiles (GSPs). Next, the search for GSPs of authors who had published their papers in the Knowledge Organization journal from 2000 to 2019 was conducted. The results showed that there were 379 publicly available GSPs. Analysis of the affiliated institutions showed that the majority of them were based respectively in the USA, Brazil, and then in India. The ontological dimension of the knowledge organization domain on GSC was examined by studying keywords attached to GSPs. The most frequently used keywords were identified and using network analysis five clusters that represented the main areas of interest were extracted.

This paper details two interdependent knowledge organization projects for an LGBT2QIA+ library. The authors, in the context of volunteer library work for an independent library, redesigned the classification system and subject cataloguing guidelines to centre LGBT2QIA+ subjects. We discuss the priorities of creating and maintaining knowledge organization systems for a historically marginalized community and address the challenge that queer subjectivity poses to the goals of knowledge organization. The classification system features a focus on identity and physically reorganizes the library space in a way that accounts for the multiple and overlapping labels that constitute the currently articulated boundaries of this community. The subject heading system focuses on making visible topics and elements of identity made invisible by universal systems and by the newly implemented classification system. We discuss how this project may inform knowledge organization for other marginalized subjects, particularly through process and documentation that prioritizes transparency and the acceptance of an unfinished endpoint for queer knowledge organization.

This article presents a set of principles for knowledge modeling in knowledge organization systems in specific domains. It discusses the representational problem, comparing the abstraction mechanisms present in the theories related to representation in concept systems, taken from foundational authors of information science, computer science, and terminology approaches. Parallel to this context, several representational possibilities arise to assist the modeler in the activity of elaborating models of representation. It describes the application of theoretical and methodological principles when organizing, representing, and managing navigation on learning paths in the corporate education field. As a concept proof, it exposes a conceptual model of learning paths and discusses a literature review on this subject to verify to what extent these principles are being applied. It concludes that we can consider the principles discussed in this study as relevant, since they expand the modelers’ freedom, not making him hostage to a specific model.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a multi-level framework for semantic modeling (MFSM) based on four signification levels: objects, classes of entities, instances and domains. In addition, four fundamental propositions of the signification process underpin these levels, namely, classification, decomposition, instantiation and contextualization.Design/methodology/approachThe deductive approach guided the design of this modeling framework. The authors empirically validated the MFSM in two ways. First, the authors identified the signification processes used in articles that deal with semantic modeling. The authors then applied the MFSM to model the semantic context of the literature about lean manufacturing, a field of management science.FindingsThe MFSM presents a highly consistent approach about the signification process, integrates the semantic modeling literature in a new and comprehensive view; and permits the modeling of any semantic context, thus facilitating the development of knowledge organization systems based on semantic search.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of MFSM is manual and, thus, requires a considerable effort of the team that decides to model a semantic context. In this paper, the modeling was generated by specialists, and in the future should be applicated to lay users.Practical implicationsThe MFSM opens up avenues to a new form of classification of documents, as well as for the development of tools based on the semantic search, and to investigate how users do their searches.Social implicationsThe MFSM can be used to model archives semantically in public or private settings. In future, it can be incorporated to search engines for more efficient searches of users.Originality/valueThe MFSM provides a new and comprehensive approach about the elementary levels and activities in the process of signification. In addition, this new framework presents a new form to model semantically any context classifying its objects.

PurposeWithin standards for bibliographic description, common usage has served as a prominent design principle, guiding the choice and form of certain names and titles. In practice, however, the determination of common usage is difficult and lends itself to varying interpretations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the presence and role of common usage in bibliographic description through an examination of previously unexplored connections between common usage and the concept of warrant.Design/methodology/approachA brief historical review of the concept of common usage was conducted, followed by a case study of the current bibliographic standard Resource Description and Access (RDA) employing qualitative content analysis to examine the appearances, delineations and functions of common usage. Findings were then compared to the existing literature on warrant in knowledge organization.FindingsMultiple interpretations of common usage coexist within RDA and its predecessors, and the current prioritization of these interpretations tends to render user perspectives secondary to those of creators, scholars and publishers. These varying common usages and their overall reliance on concrete sources of evidence reveal a mixture of underlying warrants, with literary warrant playing a more prominent role in comparison to the also present scientific/philosophical, use and autonomous warrants.Originality/valueThis paper offers new understanding of the concept of common usage, and adds to the body of work examining warrant in knowledge organization practices beyond classification. It sheds light on the design of the influential standard RDA while revealing the implications of naming and labeling in widely shared bibliographic data.

Library-based metadata and knowledge organization standards, such as Resource Description and Access (RDA); Dewey Decimal Classification system (DDC); and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate what metadata elements for access points currently exist to represent diverse library reading materials, either in libraries or from external sources, as well as what metadata elements for access points are currently not present but are necessary to represent diverse library reading materials. Design/methodology/approach A field scan of thirteen contemporary metadata schemas identified elements that might serve as potential access points regarding the diversity status of resource creators as well as topical or thematic content. Elements were semantically mapped using a metadata crosswalk to understand the intellectual and conceptual space of the elements. Element definitions and application of controlled vocabularies were also examined where possible to offer an additional context. Findings Metadata elements describing gender, occupation, geographic region, audience and age currently exist in many schemas and could potentially be used to offer access to diverse library materials. However, metadata elements necessary to represent racial, ethnic, national and cultural identity are currently not present in specific forms necessary for enabling resource access and collection assessment. The lack of distinct elements contributes to the implicit erasure of marginalized identities. Originality/value The search for metadata describing diversity is a first step toward enabling more systematic access to diverse library materials. The need for systematic description of diversity to make visible and promote diverse materials is highlighted in this paper. Though the subject of this paper is library organization systems and, for clarity, uses terms specific to the library profession, the issues present are relevant to all information professionals and knowledge organization systems.

This comparative study investigates the use of and preference towards the two major academic library classification schemes – Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Library of Congress Clas...

Resumo O esquema utilizado pela Rede de Museus do Estado do Rio de Janeiro para classificar objetos museológicos contém 16 categorias, baseadas em Ferrez e Bianchini (1987), um esquema pioneiro em uso em diversos museus brasileiros. As categorias desse esquema não são suficientes para as coleções de museus que estão aderindo à Rede. Essas incluem objetos de interesse científico e objetos de cultura intangível, que necessitariam de categorias próprias. Como Metodologia para expandir o esquema classificatório original foi utilizada a análise ontológica, definições conceituais e a teoria aristotélica da classificação. Esta base teórica e metodológica foi utilizada para distinguir diferentes tipos de objetos, definir novas categorias e especificar o seu escopo, incorporando-as ao novo esquema, garantindo sua compatibilidade com o esquema anterior e com os acervos já incluídos na Rede. Como Resultados, as categorias sugeridas incluem uma ampla, a de Objetos museológicos, que contem duas, Objetos Naturais (subdividida em objetos Orgânicos e Inorgânicos) e Produtos físicos ou conceituais da cultura Humana - a primeira contendo as 15 das 16 categorias do esquema original; e uma ampla categoria, de Produtos da Cultura imaterial. O resultado é um esquema amplo, que incorpora o anterior, e simultaneamente permite que novas categorias sejam incluídas no futuro. Abstract The schema used by the Rio de Janeiro’s Museum Network to classify the museum objects contains 16 categories based on the proposal of Ferrez e Bianchini (1987), a pioneering schema used in many Brazilian museums. Such a schema no longer supports the collections about to adhere to the Network. These include scientific and intangible cultural heritage objects that needed to fit in their own categories. As Methodology ontological analysis, conceptual definitions and the Aristothelic classification theory are used. These theoretical bases enable to distinguish the different types of objects, define new categories and clarify the scope of the present ones, including them on the schema proposed, thus guaranteeing its compatibility with museums already adhered to the Network. The categories suggested include a broader one, Museum objects, which contains Natural objects (subdivided in Inorganic and Organic objects) and Physical or conceptual products of human culture - Man-made objects (comprising Material culture objects or Artifacts, and Conceptual products of human Culture - the first one containing 15 of the 16 pre-existing categories); and a category for Intangible Cultural Heritage objects. The result is a broader schema encompassing the previous one and allowing the insertion of new categories that may appear in the future.

This article aims to examine the intellectual landscape of the domain of culture and ethics in knowledge organization (KO). A domain analysis was conducted on a corpus of 206 relevant papers using ...

Source at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2019.04.001. It is common in the literature to see libraries characterized as public sphere institutions, but the exact processes by which libraries support and engage in the public sphere remain underexplored. Based on a systematic review of the research literature on libraries as public sphere institutions, this study maps the questions, methods, theories, and findings of those scholars and librarians who have examined this topic. This research finds that discussions of libraries as public sphere institutions orient around five themes: Community, management and funding, institutional structures and practices, new tools and services, and knowledge organization. Compared to existing research, more focused and stringent research designs are necessary to enhance the understanding of libraries as public sphere institutions. A focused research program can create theoretical and actionable knowledge for knowledge-based policies, strategies, and activities at the international, federal, state, and community levels.

Resumo Considera que a padronização técnica para a classificação e a indexação documentais interfere na qualidade do serviço de representação temática. Desenvolve, como objetivo principal, critérios e um modelo para representar tematicamente os selos postais comemorativos brasileiros. Justifica o estudo ao indicar melhor eficácia de acesso ao conjunto de informações contidas no selo postal. Caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e documental. Utilizou literatura científica das áreas da Biblioteconomia, da Ciência da Informação e da Filatelia. Identificou e recuperou essa literatura por meio da Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI), da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e de livros produzidos por filatelistas. Fez uso, também, do blog dos Correios do Brasil, dos respectivos Editais de Emissão dos Selos Postais Comemorativos Brasileiros de 2017 e do Catálogo de Selos do Brasil de 2015. O resultado da pesquisa indica que os critérios de classificação e o modelo de indexação cumprem seu papel técnico de forma eficaz para a representação do selo postal comemorativo brasileiro. Conclui, também, que estudos futuros podem testar os critérios e o modelo em outros gêneros de selos postais. Abstract It considers that the technical standardization for documentary classification and indexing interferes in the quality of the thematic representation service. It develops, as main objective, criteria and a model to thematically represent the Brazilian commemorative postage stamps. It justifies the study by indicating better effectiveness of access to the set of information contained in the postage stamp. It was characterized as an exploratory, bibliographical and documentary research. He has used scientific literature in the areas of Library Science, Information Science and Philately. He identified and recovered this literature through the Reference Database of Periodical Articles in Information Science (BRAPCI), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and books produced by philatelists. He also made use of the blog of the Correios do Brasil, the respective Issuances of the Brazilian Postal Stamps of 2017 and the Brazilian Stamp Catalog of 2015. The results of the survey indicate that the classification criteria and the indexing model comply its technical role effectively for the representation of the Brazilian commemorative postage stamp. It also concludes that future studies can test the criteria and the model in other genres of postage stamps.

This paper argues that medium for information access becomes central to library and information science. The author discusses the notion of medium, medium neutrality, and personalization and suggests that the dominating paradigm of providing fast, efficient, and neutral systems and services for retrieving information has sidetracked opportunities to explore the impact of medium on information access. The paper makes three specific recommendations for library and information science education: be skeptical, slow down, and understand classification.

Objetivo: Considera-se a Organização de Conhecimento como atividade interdisciplinar da Ciência da Informação e da Ciência da Computação que possibilita a representação de elementos de conhecimento em ambientes baseados em Web Semântica. Em face da interdisciplinaridade, o artigo apresenta as escolhas e os esforços despendidos no desenvolvimento de um Tesauro da Ciência da Computação. Método: como pesquisa aplicada, um processo de desenvolvimento de ontologias é utilizado, ao considerar que ontologias e tesauros são Sistemas de Organização de Conhecimento com atividades correlacionadas. Resultado: baseado no modelo da Web Semântica Simple Knowledge Organization System – SKOS, o tesauro é publicado na Web de Dados e pode ser acessado a partir do endpoint http://lod.unicentro.br/sparql. Admite-se que o público-alvo do Sistema de Organização de Conhecimento desenvolvido são profissionais, professores, pesquisadores, alunos de graduação/pós-graduação, sendo o tesauro um subsídio à comunicação científica entre os referidos atores. Conclusões: observa-se que os processos de desenvolvimento de ontologias podem ser empregados para o desenvolvimento de tesauros. Ademais, o uso do SKOS como modelo para o desenvolvimento de tesauros mostrou-se adequado, conforme as premissas de organização e representação de recursos digitais do referido modelo.

This study aims to analyze the intellectual foundation of the literature on knowledge organization published from 1972 to 2018 by authors enrolled in the Research Productivity Fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, in Brazil. The corpus of analysis is composed of 166 papers indexed in Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação, which is a database that gathers the scientific literature published in Information Science journals in Brazil. It is an exploratory study that uses citation analysis as the methodological procedure, through author co-citation analysis and author bibliographic coupling. Fujita is identified as the most productive author, with 18 articles. Dahlberg is the most cited author, with 53 citations. The highest frequency of author co-citation is between Hjørland and Dahlberg; Tálamo and Kobashi. They are the seminal authors to the Brazilian scientists studied in this paper. The strongest relationships in the author bibliographic coupling network are between Lara and Bufrem, Lara and Guimarães, and Bufrem and Fujita. They cited 9 authors in common in the papers analyzed in this research. The conclusion is that there is an influence of European literature among the scientists addressed in this study. The results indicate the possibility of developing diachronic studies on the continuing influences of cited authors, especially from seminal authors, to analyze their permanence or transience over time. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a base intelectual da literatura científica no domínio da organização do conhecimento, publicada de 1972 a 2018 pelos pesquisadores com Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico no Brasil. O corpus de análise é composto por 166 artigos indexados na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação, que reúne a literatura científica publicada nos periódicos de ciência da informação no Brasil. Ao desenvolver uma pesquisa exploratória e usar a análise de citação por meio da análise de cocitação de autor e do acoplamento bibliográfico de autor, identifica Fujita como a autora mais produtiva, com 18 artigos, e Dahlberg como a autora mais citada, com 53 TransInformação, Campinas, 33:e200068, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0889202133e200068P. C. ARAÚJO & L. S. BUFREM 2 citações. A maior frequência de cocitação de autor é entre Hjørland e Dahlberg e entre Tálamo e Kobashi. Eles são autores seminais para os pesquisadores brasileiros estudados neste artigo. A relação mais forte na rede de acoplamento bibliográfico de autor é entre Lara e Bufrem, Lara e Guimarães e Bufrem e Fujita, que citam nove autores em comum nos artigos analisados nesta pesquisa. Conclui-se que há uma influência da literatura europeia entre os pesquisadores considerados neste estudo. Os resultados sugerem a possibilidade de realização de estudos diacrônicos sobre a continuidade das influências perceptíveis dos autores citados, especialmente dos autores seminais, para análise de sua permanência ou transitoriedade no tempo.

RESUMO Na literatura, existem palavras que apresentam mais de um significado nos múltiplos contextos, e isso as faz terem interpretações ambíguas ou mesmo serem consideradas polissêmicas; é o caso da palavra classificação. Nas diversas acepções da palavra, ela pode significar um processo, um sistema de classificação ou uma disciplina. Este artigo tem como objetivo estudar a perspectiva interdisciplinar do significado da palavra classificação, a partir das acepções sugeridas pelos autores da área, com o intuito de traçar sua evolução e contexto histórico. Utiliza-se a base metodológica proposta por Bardin (2011) sobre Análise de conteúdo, aplicada nas 40 definições selecionadas a partir do artigo “Classification” (Hjørland, 2017), como amostra da pesquisa. Os resultados das análises léxicas e categoriais das definições confirmaram os pressupostos de que a classificação traça sua história pelas bases categoriais aristotélicas, tendo começado seu desenvolvimento dicotômico com os estudos de Porfírio, ganhado projeção com o sistema de categorias taxonômicas de Lineu, com a ideia de “divisão e denominação” para classificar os seres em grupos, com a obra A Origem das espécies de Darwin; e, no âmbito da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, com os estudos iniciados pelo bibliotecário Richards (1860-1939), no século XIX, influenciando os estudos de autores como Sayers (1881-1960), Bliss (1870-1955) e. Ranganathan (1892-1972), entre outros. Na área da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, a classificação tem sido estudada como uma disciplina, um processo de agrupar e ordenar o conhecimento, e como instrumento de representação da informação, contribuindo para a sua organização e recuperação. ABSTRACT In the literature, words have more than one meaning in multiple contexts, and this makes them have ambiguous interpretations or even be considered polysemic; this is the case with the word classification. In the different meanings of the word, it can mean a process, a classification system or a discipline. This article studies the interdisciplinary perspective of the meaning of the word classification, from the meanings suggested by the authors of the area, to trace its evolution and historical context. We use the methodological basis proposed by Bardin (2011) on Content Analysis, applied to the 40 definitions selected from the article “Classification” (Hjørland, 2017), as a research sample. The results of lexical and categorical analysis of the definitions confirmed the assumptions that the classification traces its history based on the Aristotelian categorical bases, having started its dichotomous development with the studies of Porphyrios, gaining projection with the system of taxonomic categories of Linnaeus, with the idea of “Division and denomination” to classify beings into groups, with Darwin's Origin of Species; and, in the scope of Librarianship and Information Science, with the studies initiated by librarian Richards (1860-1939), in the 19th century, influencing the studies of authors such as Sayers (1881-1960), Bliss (1870-1955) e. Ranganathan (1892-1972), among others. In the area of Librarianship and Information Science, classification has been studied as a discipline, a process of grouping and ordering knowledge, and as an instrument of information representation, contributing to its organization and recovery.

Objetivo: o presente artigo aborda a organização do conhecimento no setor elétrico brasileiro, usando ontologias como alternativa. Método: Descreve-se aqui um processo de aquisição do conhecimento realizado junto a uma grande empresa nacional do setor de energia, destacando as dificuldades, erros e lições aprendidas. A expressão “aquisição do conhecimento” é usada para nomear a etapa do desenvolvimento de ontologias em que a expertise é elicitada e registrada para posterior formalização. Pesquisadores em Ciência da Informação foram treinados a gerar definições formais seguindo um padrão axiomático típico de ontologias. Cada pesquisador recebeu cerca de 50 termos, além de insumos para desenvolver o trabalho, a saber: registros de conhecimento especializado no domínio obtidos via entrevistas com experts, tabelas com listas de processos relativos aos ativos da empresa, ativos esses que eram o escopo da ontologia. Resultados: a aquisição de conhecimento gerou quase 400 definições em linguagem natural, as quais foram revisadas, adequadas segundo o padrão. Como resultado intermediário, foram obtidos quase 100 termos definidos semiformalmente, que foram então validados. Conclusões: os resultados parciais do estudo de caso exibem questões – lógicas e terminológicas – verificadas durante a aquisição do conhecimento e validação, as quais merecem atenção, visto que representam uma das primeiras frentes para combater a falta de interoperabilidade entre sistemas. O estudo de caso evidencia ainda lições aprendidas e possíveis melhorias, tanto para o setor quanto para a sociedade, oferecidas pela Ciência da Informação a partir desse tipo de trabalho.

Objective: To analyze the production ways and the elements of distinction of the citation practices in the field of Knowledge Organization and Representation in Brazil from 2015 to 2018. The specific objectives are mapping the most productive and cited authors of the period in the domain of Knowledge Organization and Representation and identify the authors' citation reasons of the most cited authors as of their scientific contributions. Methods: It configures as a contribution of bibliographical and descriptive character. It uses the scientometric method through content and subject analysis techniques to demonstrate the motivations of the citation practices of researchers related to the domain of the Organization and Knowledge Representation. Results: The predominance of citation in national researchers is evident in the analyzed clipping, with emphasis on the author Fujita, M. S. L. and the author Guimaraes, J. A. C. Concerning the reasons for citations, the domain of the conceptual dimension stands out with 93.2%. In contrast, the social dimension appears with only 6.8% of the total occurrences. In the distribution of the reasons for the citations by categories, we can highlight the occurrences aimed at supporting statements and information, which received 1,148 mentions, as well as the reasons aimed at more theoretical and conceptual discussions, with a total of 902 linked reasons. Conclusions: Considering the forms of production and the instances of consecration pointed out by the binomial production-citation, from the results, the position of the most productive authors in the field reverberated in citations, with plural reasons and motivations concentrated on supporting arguments, exemplifying situations, cases, and points of view, as well as theoretical, conceptual and methodological definitions and clarifications.