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We studied proteomic features of subcellular fractions from rat hepatocytes and intensity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic free radical oxidation depending on the type of dietary fat during adaptation of animals to modified nutrition. Our results illustrate the formation of specific nutriproteomes in the microsomal and cytosolic fractions of rat hepatocytes (measurement of the macro-component and micro-component composition of diet).

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil with phospholipids (PL) on the lipid profile of plasma and composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in patients with hypertension and obesity. The results show that after the period of three weeks for each diet the unrefined sunflower oil supplemented with PL (30 gr oil containing 10, 8 gr PL) in diet had more influence on lowering of blood pressure (specially on diastolic BP). This diet reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A 1, apoB and fibrinogen more than the refined sunflower oil diet. This oil presents useful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential PL for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.

An additional fat load, rich in medium chain acids was used to supplement a standard ration of 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis as a test for assessing assimilation and tolerance of lipids. Good tolerance of these acids as well as the lack of negative influence on the exocrine function of pancreas was revealed. This makes expedient to include the acids in ration of patients with chronic pancreatitis with the purpose to increase its energy value.

The estimation of efficiency complex dietary therapy with inclusion of phospholipids at patients with essential hypertension I and II stage. It was carried out(spent), that inclusion of 2 grams of lecithin in a diet for 4 weeks rendered positive influence on the clinical presentation of disease, condition antioxidant status in cellular membranes of erythrocytes and some biochemical indexes of lipid metabolism.

Effect of a diet, containing dextran maltose and dry starch syrup, on some patterns of liver tissue metabolism were studied in young Wistar rats within 30 days. The animals of Control Group 1 were kept on a diet containing corn starch as a source of carbohydrates; in Group 2 the starch was replaced by the dry starch syrup enriched with disaccharides and especially with maltose; the dry starch syrup added into the Group 3 diet containing mainly oligosaccharides and polymers with high levels of glucose residues. The label mixtures of 6-3N- and 6-14C-glucose as well as of 6-3H- and I-14C-glucose were administered into the animals on the day of death. Analysis of the findings has shown that the products of starch hydrolysis may the specific parameters of glucose metabolism. Incorporation of the label into liver tissue lipids was similar to the control values in the group of animals kept on a diet enriched with maltose as compared with group 3. The glycolytic pathway of glucose utilization was more activated than the pentosephosphate pathway after substituting starch for dry starch syrup as shown by differences in the rates of carbon incorporation at positions 1 and 6 of a glucose molecule.

Disaccharide effect of sucrose on lipid metabolism was confirmed in male Wistar rats (initial weight 119-127 g). The rats were given rations containing either sucrose (30% of total caloric++ value), or invert sugar, or starch only (control). The duration of the dietary period was 40 days. To study lipid metabolism the rats were injected i. p. with 1-14C-glucose and 3H-palmitic acid. 14C-radioactivity increased in the total lipid of serum and epididymal adipose tissue, in liver phospholipids and mostly in liver neutral lipids with the saccharose-supplemented diet but not with invert sugar-supplemented diet. In contrast, 3H-radioactivity in liver phospholipids decreased in rats that were given saccharose, no changes were recorded in the animals fed with invert sugar or starch.

The influence of carbohydrate-free and high-fatty (82% calorific value) ration on the content and turnover of proteins and lipids in the liver and perirenal fatty tissue was studied in experiments in vivo, in male Wistar rats (n = 23) with initial body weight (bw) 200 +/- 10 g. One month after the feeding with the ration studied bw of rats given carbohydrate-free diets did not differ from that of the control animals. The protein content was decreased and its turnover slowed down in hepatocytes of rats given carbohydrate-free ration. No significant changes were detected in the lipid content and turnover in hepatocytes. No changes were recorded in the protein content and turnover in the rat fatty tissue; however, significant changes were observed in the lipid turnover. They were manifest in an increased use of ramified aminoacid metabolites in lipid synthesis, and in speeding up the lipid turnover.

A protein fraction possessing a 209 times higher lipid-carrying activity in comparison with the original supernatant (X 105 000 g) was isolated from the livers of Wistar rats. The purification procedure included precipitation at pH 5,1, desalting with ammonium sulfate and gel-filtration through Sephadex G-50. Evidence from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggest that the fraction obtained consists of two components with molecular weights of 18 000 and 30 000. The half-life time of the proteins as determined by double radioactive labelling is 3,7 days. The microsomal oxidation inducer phenobarbital increases the half-life time of lipid-carrying proteins by decreasing their degradation rate.

In experiments on 24 Wistar male rats the time course of incorporation of radioactive carbon and hydrogen of glucose and fructose into liver lipids was studied, as well as the influence on this process of the animals feeding with rations containing sucrose and inverted sugar (17% calory value). A mathematical model has been suggested for the evaluation of the effect of sugar and a glucose-fructose mixture on monosugar utilization into liver lipids. It was found that sucrose led to an increase in the rate of the label incorporation into liver lipids from glucose and fructose, and to a growth in the constant of the label release from lipids, i.e. induced acceleration of the liver lipid turnover. These effects were absent in rats given inverted sugar.

With an increase in content of sugar in a diet from 10% to 50% of the caloric value the rate of synthesis and accumulation of lipids were increased in perinephric adipose tissue of rats exhibiting the maximal values at 30% content of sugar in rations. Under these conditions content of insulin was decreased in blood and half-life of sialic acids was decreased in glycoproteins of adipose tissue. Interrelationship between sensitivity of the adipose tissue receptors to insulin and the half-life of sialic acids was considered. Metabolism of sialic acids was considered. Metabolism of sialic acids appears to be of importance for accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue under conditions of sugar loading.