Search

There was few studies using the simultaneous reduction of fat and sodium chloride, as well as the stability of the meat products with these reductions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fat and sodium chloride reduction in beef burgers during storage. For this, two treatments were produced: T1—without fat and sodium chloride reduction (control) and T2—with 50% fat reduction + 5% fructooligosaccharides and with the replacement of 50% of sodium chloride by potassium chloride. Physicochemical analysis and sensory acceptance were performed. According to results, the pH increased (p

BACKGROUND: Anacardic acid, a phenolic compound, represents 90% of cashew nut shell liquid, which is a byproduct from the industrial processing of cashew nuts. This study aimed to add calcium anacardate (CA) to broilers' diets as a source of anacardic acid, to evaluate its antioxidant effect in breast meat and in processed meat products (sausages). For this purpose, birds were fed according to the following treatments: diet without antioxidant and diets containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 g kg⁻¹ CA. Chicken breast meat was stored frozen for 90 days. The thigh and drumsticks were used to produce chicken sausages that were kept in refrigerated conditions for 90 days. Lipid oxidation and color stability were assessed every 30 days. RESULTS: For breast meat, a 2.5 g kg⁻¹ concentration of CA was insufficient to retard lipid oxidation, whereas 10.0 g kg⁻¹ gave rise to a pro‐oxidant effect and 5.0 g kg⁻¹ slowed the oxidation up to 50 days. A level of 7.5 g kg⁻¹ of CA was effective in retarding oxidation, favoring colour stability during the 90‐days frozen storage. For sausages, 2.5 g kg⁻¹ of calcium anacardate in broiler diets was sufficient to retard lipid oxidation. Calcium anacardate 7.5 g kg⁻¹ provided greater redness in the sausages compared with the control and with the other treatments containing 5.0 and 10.0 g kg⁻¹. CONCLUSIONS: Calcium anacardate is a potential natural antioxidant for breast meat and sausages in storage when added to broilers' diets. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

The effect of anacardic acid on lipid stability and coloration of chicken mortadella was investigated. Antioxidants were added to chicken mortadellas, according to the treatments: no added antioxidant, 100 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene and 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm anacardic acid. The mortadellas were stored for 90 days at 4 °C, and the analysis of lipid oxidation and color were performed. For TBARS, there was linear reduction with increased anacardic acid. According to the means test, 200 ppm anacardic acid provided the lower TBARS values. The redness decreased during storage, and, as reported by the means test, mortadella containing 200 ppm anacardic acid had lower values. The lightness of mortadellas decreased during storage. Also in accordance with the means test, mortadellas containing antioxidants had same lightness than control. The yellowness of mortadellas increased during storage. Thus, the anacardic acid is a potential natural antioxidant that could be included in chicken mortadella formulations before cooking.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de extratos etanólicos na ração, obtidos do caroço e da casca da manga, sobre o desempenho de frangos e a oxidação lipídica da carne. Foram utilizados 360 pintos machos da linhagem Ross 308, de um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de dez aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de: ração sem adição de antioxidante (controle); ração com adição de 200 ppm do antioxidante butilato de hidroxitolueno (BHT); ração com 200 ou 400 ppm de extrato da casca da manga (ECAS); e ração com 200 ou 400 ppm de extrato do caroço da manga (ECAR). A adição de BHT ou dos extratos da manga não influenciou significativamente o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. A adição de BHT e a de 400 ppm de ECAR proporcionaram maior estabilidade lipídica da carne fresca, mensurada pelas substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico antes do armazenamento. O extrato etanólico do caroço da manga, na dosagem de 200 e 400 ppm, retarda a oxidação lipídica da carne de frangos armazenada por 15 dias.

The effect of gamma irradiation (0, 2, 4, and 6 kGy doses) applied to frozen and packed headed shrimp on the fatty acid profile, cholesterol content, and lipid and color stability was evaluated. Myristic acid was higher in shrimp irradiated with 4 and 6 kGy and palmitic acid was higher in samples irradiated with 2 and 6 kGy compared to non-irradiated samples. Stearic and behenic acids were lower in shrimp irradiated with 6 kGy compared to non-irradiated shrimp. With regard to non-irradiated shrimp, palmitoleic, oleic, and linoleic acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in shrimp irradiated with 6 kGy. Saturated fatty acid and cholesterol contents in irradiated samples were not different from those in non-irradiated shrimp. Lipid oxidation was higher in samples irradiated with 2, 4, and 6 kGy. Redness and yellowness of cooked shrimp were higher in samples irradiated with 6 kGy than in those in non-irradiated samples. The application of irradiation in doses up to 6 kGy on frozen and packed headed shrimp does not affect negatively the fatty acid profile, cholesterol content, and lipid and color stability. Foi estudado o efeito da radiação gama (doses de 0, 2, 4 e 6 kGy) em caudas de camarão congeladas e embaladas, sobre os conteúdos de ácidos graxos e colesterol, bem como sobre a estabilidade dos lipídios e da cor. Com relação ao camarão não irradiado, os ácidos mirístico e palmítico apresentaram maiores valores nos camarões irradiados com 4 e 6 kGy e com 2 e 6 kGy, respectivamente. Os ácidos esteárico e behênico foram menores nas amostras irradiadas com 6 kGy em relação às não irradiadas. Os ácidos palmitoleico, oleico, linoleico e o total de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados foram maiores nos camarões irradiados com 6 kGy do que naqueles não irradiados. Para o total de ácidos graxos saturados e conteúdo de colesterol, as amostras irradiadas não diferiram daquelas não irradiadas. A oxidação lipídica aumentou com a irradiação. Os componentes de cor a* e b* do camarão cozido foram maiores com 6 kGy. A irradiação em doses de até 6 kGy não afetou negativamente o perfil de ácidos graxos, o nível de colesterol e a estabilidade dos lipídios e da cor das caudas de camarões.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of g irradiation (0, 2, 4 and 6 kGy doses), applied on frozen and packaged headed shrimps, on pathogenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and Salmonella enteritidis bacteria, as well as on some of the physical and sensory characteristics of this kind of food. The 6 kGy dose was highly efficient in inhibiting V. cholerae O1 and S. enteritidis and in decreasing lipid oxidation in shrimps compared with the nonirradiated product. Shrimp texture was not affected by any of the irradiation doses studied, but the lightness of the surface color increased in shrimps irradiated with 6 kGy compared with those irradiated with 2 kGy. Shrimps irradiated with 6 kGy showed lower overall acceptability than those irradiated with 2 kGy or were nonirradiated. The application of g irradiation in doses up to 6 kGy on frozen and packaged headed shrimps could improve the microbio- logical quality of this commodity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effect of mango extracts on lipid stability and the coloring of broiler chicken breast meat during frozen storage. The treatments consisted of broiler chicken diet without antioxidants (control) and diets containing antioxidants: 200 ppm of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 200 ppm of mango peel extract (MPE), 400 ppm of MPE, 200 ppm of mango seed extract (MSE), and 400 ppm of MSE. The broiler breasts were stored for 90 days and analysis of lipid oxidation and color was performed every 30 days. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values increased during storage and at 90 days, but the 400 ppm MSE treatment yielded lower values, indicating greater antioxidant activity. During storage, the lightness values decreased and the redness increased. Additions of 200 ppm BHT and 400 ppm MPE increased yellowness at 60 days of storage. Thus, mango peel and seed extracts added to broiler chicken diets reduce lipid oxidation and maintain color in breast meat during frozen storage, with mango seed extract at 400 ppm being the most effective.

In this study, the effect of dietary cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on the lipid stability and coloring of fresh and spray-dried yolks during storage was evaluated. Birds were fed according to the following treatments: diet without antioxidant and diets containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00% CNSL. The fresh and spray dried yolks were stored for 60 and 180 days, respectively, and analysis of lipid oxidation and color were performed. For fresh yolks, 0.50% CNSL had the best results to prevent the damage of lipid oxidation, favoring the coloring during refrigerated storage for 60 days. For spray-dried yolks, the best results of lipid stability and yellowness was with 0.75% CNSL. Thus, the cashew nut shell liquid is a potential natural antioxidant for fresh and spray-dried yolk submitted to storage, when added in the laying diet. Practical Applications In recent years, the application of synthetic antioxidants in foods has become increasingly restricted due to the several studies indicating their potential toxic effects to the body. Thus, recent research has focused on the isolation and identification of effective antioxidants of natural origin. Thus, this paper is the first about the application of cashew nut shell liquid in eggs. The lipid oxidation in fresh and spray-dried yolks reduces with cashew nut shell liquid. This study indicates that cashew nut shell liquid is potential natural antioxidant when added in laying diets.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of diets containing different lipid sources on eggs quality during refrigerated storage, on yolk fatty acid composition, and on cholesterol in the yolk. Four diets were used containing Soy Oil (SO), Sunflower Seed (SS), and Meat and Bone Meal + Soy Oil (MBM + SO) or Meat and Bone Meal + Tallow (MBM + TA). The experiment followed a factorial design 4 × 3 with four dietary treatments and three storage times. The eggs were stored at 4 °C for 0, 30, and 60 days. The collected eggs were analyzed for egg weight loss, Haugh units, yolk moisture, yolk lipid oxidation, and cooked yolk firmness. Refrigerated storage reduced Haugh units, and increased yolk moisture. Sixty days of storage time reduced the firmness of hard-cooked yolk. There was an interaction between dietary treatment and storage time for egg weight loss and lipid oxidation. With regard to yolk fatty acid profile, MBM + TA diet increased the contents of palmitic and palmitoleic acids. The levels of oleic and arachidonic acids were higher in yolks from birds fed with SS diet. Linoleic acid level was higher in the yolk from treatment with SO diet. Diets containing MBM + SO induced higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid. Yolk cholesterol content was reduced with the inclusion of SS in the diet. Therefore, the type of lipid present in the diet and refrigerated storage for 60 days at 4 °C can affect the egg quality. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de rações contendo diferentes tipos de lipídios sobre a qualidade de ovos durante a estocagem sob refrigeração e sobre a composição de ácidos graxos e colesterol da gema. Foram utilizadas quatro rações contendo Óleo de Soja (OS), semente de girassol (SS), Farinha de Carne e Ossos + Óleo de Soja (FCO + OS) ou Farinha de Carne e Ossos + Sebo Bovino (FCO + SB). Seguiu-se desenho fatorial 4 × 3, com quatro tipos de rações e três tempos de estocagem. Os ovos foram estocados a 4 °C por 0, 30 e 60 dias. Os ovos coletados foram analisados para perdas de peso, unidades Haugh, umidade e oxidação lipídica da gema, e firmeza da gema cozida. A estocagem reduziu as unidades Haugh e aumentou a umidade da gema. Com 60 dias de estocagem houve uma redução da firmeza da gema cozida. Foi observada uma interação entre o tipo de ração e o tempo de estocagem para perdas de peso e oxidação lipídica. Quanto ao perfil de ácidos graxos, as dietas contendo FCO + SB promoveram aumento nos níveis de ácidos palmítico e palmitoleico. Os níveis dos ácidos oleico e araquidônico foram maiores nas gemas das aves alimentadas com SG. Os níveis de ácido linoleico foram maiores no tratamento contendo OS na dieta. Dietas contendo FCO + OS induziram maiores níveis de ácido docosaexaenoico. O conteúdo de colesterol das gemas foi reduzido com a inclusão de SG na dieta. Portanto, o tipo de lipídio presente na ração e a estocagem sob refrigeração podem afetar a qualidade do ovo.