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Background & Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the effect on brain biomarkers after treatment with anticancer compounds - cytarabine (CT) and ferric carboxymaltose (FC) (Fe+3) in Wistar rats., Methods: The Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1 (control), NaCl 0.9%; group 2, CT (25 mg/k), group 3, FC(Fe+3) (50 mg/k) and group 4, CT + FC(Fe+3). The animals were sacrificed and their brains were obtained and used to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione (GSH), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) and dopamine. The results indicated an enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the cortex and striatum of groups treated with FC(Fe+3) and CT, while GSH decreased in the cortex of group treated with CT + FC(Fe+3). Dopamine decreased in the cortex of the rats that received CT, while in the striatum, 5HIAA increased in all groups., Results & Conclusion: These results suggest that the treatment with CT and FC(Fe+3) boosted oxidative stress and led to an alteration in momoamine concentrations in the brain., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 4-pregnen-17-hydroxy-3-one (A) and two steroids homologues: 3beta-acetoxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-one (B) and 3beta-acetoxy-16alpha-17alpha-epoxy-4-pregnen-20-one (C). Male Wistar rats were treated with o-cresol combined (A, B or C) steroids. Lipid peroxidation status as result of measurement reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) as well as serotonin (5-HT) and its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were measured. The prostate glands were weighed, the 5alpha-reductase activity was determined. The animals treated with A, B, and C steroids showed a slight increase in both 5alpha-reductase activity and prostate size. 5-HT and 5-HTP levels did not change significantly, and TBARS showed an increase in the group treated with B steroid and a decrease in the A steroid group with significant differences in both groups (p<0.05) versus control group. Results suggest that A steroid reduces TBARS in rat brain, perhaps as a result of the interaction between the testosterone unsaturated carbons and OH(-) groups with free radicals.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cyanamide (CNM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NO), serotonin (5-HT), tryptophan (Trp), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels in rat brain. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (350 g) were used, divided in 3 groups of 8 animals each. Control group I received 0.9 % NaCl, CNM (40 mg/kg) was administered to group II, and SNP (20 microg/kg) to group III; all animals received a single intraperitoneal dose. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and the brain was homogenized to measure the NO2-, NO3-, 5-HT, and Trp levels by liquid chromatography, and TBARS levels by spectrophotometry. NO2- levels significantly increased (p< 0.01) in the CNM group, while 5-HT and TBARS significantly increased (p = 0.001) both in SNP and CNM groups in relation to the control group. Trp levels presented a slight increase in the CNM group with respect to the control group. The results suggest that free radicals (Nitroxyl and NO) generated by CNM and SNP, respectively, are responsible for oxidative stress induced in brain.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sildenafil on dopamine, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. The animals were treated intraperitoneally as follows: group 1 (control), saline solution; group 2, insulin (10 U per rat or 50 U kg−1); group 3, insulin + single dose of sildenafil (50 U kg−1 + 50 mg kg–1); group 4, insulin + three doses of sildenafil every 24 hours (50 U kg−1 + 50 mg kg−1). In groups 2, 3 and 4, insulin was administered every 24 hours for 10 days. Blood glucose was measured after the last treatment. On the last day of the treatment, the animals´ brains were extracted to measure the levels of oxidative stress markers [H2O2, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS)], dopamine and 5-HIAA in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata by validated methods. The results suggest that administration of insulin in combination with sildenafil induces hypoglycemia and hypotension, enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines. Administration of insulin and sildenafil promotes biometabolic responses in glucose control, namely, it induces hypoglycemia and hypotension. It also enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines.

Objective : To evaluate the antioxidant effect of selenium on Na + , K + -ATPase in rat brain in the presence of nitric oxide. Methods : Male Wistar rats (70 g) were treated as follows: group 1 received 1 μg of i.p. sodium nitroprusside per kg (SNP), group 2 received 5 μg sodium selenite during 20 days, group 3 received sodium selenite 5 μg+SNP 1 μg and the control group received vehicle 50 μl (0.9% NaCl), same period and route. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed and their brain dissected into cortex, hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem in order to determine lipid peroxidation (TBARS), Na + , K + ATPase and total ATPase in each section. Blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and prostate weight were also assessed. Results : A significant increase of Hb in blood and of proteins in cortex and hemisphere was detected, but TBARS values fell due to the effect of sodium selenite in all examined regions, except for cerebellum. ATPase activity declined in all groups and regions with and without NTP. We conclude that diet supplementary selenium to inhibit NO generation can be a useful treatment in chronic inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]