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Motivated by the potential anti-inflammatory effect of the crude extract of endophytic fungus Microdiplodia sp. CJ01 derived from Camellia sinensis , chemical investigation of the extract of Microdiplodia sp. CJ01 led to the isolation and identification of sixteen terpenoids, including five undescribed eremophilane sesquiterpenoids named microdiplodins A-E (1 – 5), one undescribed meroterpenoid 13-carboxymacrophorin A (13), seven known eremophilane sesquiterpenoids (6–12), and three known meroterpenoids (14 – 16). The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. Their absolute configurations were determined by calculational and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Anti-inflammatory activity assays revealed that compounds 3 , 4 , 14–16 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Five undescribed eremophilane sesquiterpenoids, one undescribed meroterpenoid and ten known terpenoids were isolated from Microdiplodia sp. CJ01. Some of them showed good anti-inflammatory activities. [Display omitted] • Six new terpenoids including five eremophilane sesquiterpenoids and a meroterpenoid were isolated from Microdiplodia sp. • Some of the sesquiterpenoids and meroterpenoids showed anti-inflammatory activities. • The isolates with anti-inflammatory activities exhibited low cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]