1. In vitro generation of oxidized standards for lipidomics. Application to major membrane lipid components.
- Author
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Barker-Tejeda, Tomás Clive, Villaseñor, Alma, Gonzalez-Riano, Carolina, López-López, Ángeles, Gradillas, Ana, and Barbas, Coral
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MEMBRANE lipids , *CHEMICAL systems , *CHOLESTERYL ester transfer protein , *LIPOSOMES , *SPHINGOLIPIDS , *MASS spectrometry , *LIQUID chromatography , *GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS - Abstract
• Alterations in the levels of oxidized lipids have been linked to many pathologies. • The lack of standards for oxidized lipids is hindering the progress on this topic. • Commercial resources currently available are summarized. • In vitro strategies for obtaining oxidized lipids from various sources are shown. • Their identification, analysis using LC-MS, and applications are discussed. Membrane lipids (sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, cardiolipins, and cholesteryl esters) are critical in cellular functions. Alterations in the levels of oxidized counterparts of some of these lipids have been linked to the onset and development of many pathologies. Unfortunately, the scarce commercial availability of chemically defined oxidized lipids is a limitation for accurate quantitative analysis, characterization of oxidized composition, or testing their biological effects in lipidomic studies. To address this dearth of standards, several approaches rely on in-house prepared mixtures of oxidized species generated under in vitro conditions from different sources – non-oxidized commercial standards, liposomes, micelles, cells, yeasts, and human preparations – and using different oxidant systems – UVA radiation, air exposure, enzymatic or chemical oxidant systems, among others. Moreover, high-throughput analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have provided evidence of their capabilities to study oxidized lipids both in in vitro models and complex biological samples. In this review, we describe the commercial resources currently available, the in vitro strategies carried out for obtaining oxidized lipids as standards for LC-MS analysis, and their applications in lipidomics studies, specifically for lipids found in cell and mitochondria membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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