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The liquidity requirements and the available liquidity are aspects that are influenced by order-independent and order-specific business processes; they represent dynamic parameters over time, making it difficult for many companies to plan and ensure liquidity. Apart from the complexity of material and financial flows, it is the time gap in the flows of the order fulfillment process which complicates the determination of future liquidity requirements. This paper presents a causal model based on cause-and-effect networks, which takes an integrated look on the material and financial flows derived from the value creation process to identify future liquidity requirements.

Implementacija globalnih bančnih standardov Basel III je namenjena zagotovitvi stabilnejšega finančnega sistema, ki med drugim skrbi za odgovorno in nemoteno delovanje celotnega gospodarskega sistema. Baselski komite je v odgovor pomanjkljivostim prejšnjih akordov, ter še pomembneje v odgovor posledicam globalne bančne krize predstavil vrsto predlogov, ki celostno obravnavajo področje bančne regulacije. Predstavljene nadgradnje, ter še posebej novosti, ki jih s seboj prinašajo novi akordi pa po drugi strani za banke predstavljajo določene izzive, ki se pojavljajo pri implementiranju predlaganih zahtev. V tem magistrskem delu smo obravnavane akorde predstavili v podobi, kot jih je javnosti predstavil Baselski komite. S tem želimo predstaviti celotno širino novih zahtev, v nadaljevanju pa analizirati aktualno stanje implementacije predlaganih zahtev pri obeh izbranih bankah. Prvi del tega dela se tako nanaša na celostno teoretično predstavitev nadgradenj in novitet akordov Basel III. Drugi del magistrskega dela pa je namenjen predstavitvi in analizi aktualnega stanja implementacije predlogov Baselskega komiteja v vsaki izmed izbranih bank. Vseskozi smo za lažjo navigacijo uporabljali enako zaporedje predstavljenih zahtev, tudi v empiričnem delu pri analizi izbranih bank. Obe poslovni banki, ki poslujeta v slovenskem bančnem sistemu, sta bili izbrani na podlagi primerljivega tržnega deleža skupne bilančne vsote, a z kontrastnim ozadjem lastništva. S tem želimo testirati ne samo dve medsebojno različni banki, temveč poglavitno tudi vlogo izvora lastništva, ter njegov vpliv na stanje implementacije zahtev akordov Basel III. Na podlagi analize, ter kasnejše primerjave podatkov smo prišli do zanimivih rezultatov, ki bralcu omogočajo prikaz stanja že doseženih zahtev pri obeh primerjanih bankah. Introduction of global framework for banking regulation, or as known as Basel III Accords, had its purpose in providing more stable and resilient financial system, which represents foundation for healthy economy. Basel Committee has answered on shortcomings of previous Accords and in addition to the painful lessons from the past global financial crisis, introduced several proposals with problem solving agenda. On the other hand, these presented upgrades and especially novelties from new Accords passed the ball towards the banks, who must now fulfil these requirements for successful implementation of the regulation framework. In this paper, we are presenting the new Accords in integrated way, as they were introduced to the public by the Basel Committee. This approach provides the best way to present the width of the requirements in addition to analysis of the current status of implementation in selected banks. In the first part of the paper, we covered theoretical content with integrated approach, which was later on transferred to empirical part. Throughout this paper we used the same sequence of presented requirements of the new Accords, which allows the reader better navigation and understanding. Second part covers the research, where we analyzed the current status of implementation of the new Accords in two selected commercial banks with comparable balance sheet total. Both banks operate in Slovenian banking system, but have contrast ownership. That allows us to research and compare, not just two different banks, but also the role of the source of ownership and its application to the implementation of the new Accords. The analysis and comparison of the acquired data got us quite interesting results, which allows reader the comprehensive display of current implementation status for both selected banks.

This paper formulates a dynamic model of a bank exposed to both credit and liquidity risk, which can resolve financial distress in three costly forms: fire sales, bond issuance and equity issuance. We use the model to analyze the impact of capital regulation, liquidity requirements and taxation on banks' optimal policies and metrics of efficiency of intermediation and social value. We obtain three main results. First, mild capital requirements increase bank lending, bank efficiency and social value relative to an unregulated bank, but these benefits turn into costs if capital requirements are too stringent. Second, liquidity requirements reduce bank lending, efficiency and social value significantly, they nullify the benifits of mild capital requirements, and their private and social costs increase monotonically with their stringency. Third, increases in corporate income and bank liabilities taxes reduce bank lending, bank effciency and social value, with tax receipts increasing with the former but decreasing with the latter. Moreover, the effects of an increase in both forms of taxation are dampened if they are jointly implemented with increases in capital and liquidity requirements.