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Increasing global demand on lithium along with the increase of electrical vehicles (EVs) leads to the exploration of alternative lithium resources and assesses the proper technique to recover the lithium. In this study, the potential source of lithium from Sidoarjo mud (LUSI) which is classified as waste from catastrophic mud eruption in East Java has been elaborated. The lithium recovery process from the Sidoarjo mud was carried out by a leaching method using sulfuric acid and the reducing agents were 30% of H2O2. Before leaching, the mud is dried and sieved first. The optimum drying temperature was 100 °C and particle size 200 mesh. This work is focused on the recovery of lithium contained in the mud. This research also aims to determine the effect of temperature, concentration, time, and addition of H2O22. The Leaching Process Used a Three-Necked Flask for 2 hours, and then sampling was Carried Out at a Certain period With Varied Temperature and Concentration. Based on the experiment, with a ratio of S / L 1:10, Temperature of 60⁰C and Sulfuric Acid Concentration of 1M Resulted in The Optimum Lithium Recovery of 36% analyzed through the RSM method. Through this research, it is hoped that the recovery of lithium from alternative sources, which is Sidoarjo mud in Indonesia can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent technology of electric vehicle has been significantly improved due to the lithium-ion battery application that indispensable. Li(NMC)O2 is one of the most highly demanding cathode materials. NMC cathode with high rich nickel exhibited excellent characteristic and high specific capacity. NMC active material is usually produced by calcination of NMC precursor mixed with lithium source. NMC precursor plays important role on determining quality of the active material NMC. The synthesis methods, such as co-precipitation are challenging to obtain the desire precursor, but the quality also depend on the raw materials. Those raw materials in powder form are NiSO4, MnSO4, CoSO4 (metal sulphate). This paper describes the general properties of the NMC-sulphate, their crystal structure, microstructure and its elementary component by XRD, SEM and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). It is important to perform raw material characterizations before synthesizing into NMC Precursor. The XRD results showed the crystal structure of NiSO4.6H2O, MnSO4.H2O, CoSO4.7H2O corresponded to 100% phases Regersite, 100% Szmikite and 100% Moorhouseite, respectively. The XRF summary resulted that the nickel contents in NiSO4.6H2O was about 78% manganese content in MnSO4.H2O was about 77.7%, and cobalt content in CoSO4.7H2O was about 80.7%. The understanding properties of the raw materials was very important in order to achieve best quality of NMC precursor and the final product of NMC Cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]