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Abstract: Li(FeM)PO4/C (M =Mg, Al, Zn and Mn) cathode material for lithium ion batteries is prepared by using converter sludge as a raw material through a sustainable wet chemistry method. The valuable elements (Fe, Mg, Al, Zn and Mn) are recovered from converter sludge through acidolysis process, and used as source materials of Fe and dopants for preparing Li(FeM)PO4/C. XRD and SEM analyses show that the obtained Li(FeM)PO4/C delivers single olivine-type phase with higher crystallinity, and presents a fine particle size less than 100nm and a homogeneous elemental distribution in its contexture. Especially, Li(FeM)PO4/C prepared from the sludge gives outstanding capacity of 157, 154, 143, 127 and 118mAhg−1 at a current density of 15, 75, 150, 300 and 750mAg−1, respectively, and exhibits excellent cycling performance. The results demonstrate that a novel route to synthesize Li(FeM)PO4/C cathode material for lithium ion batteries by utilizing converter sludge as a abundant and inexpensive source of iron and dopants has been proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A multi-doped FePO4 was synthesized using converter sludge as raw material for lithium ion battery cathodes. The processes included sulfolysis of the sludge to leach target ions into the filtrate, reacting the filtrate with phosphoric acid to prepare a precursor, and roasting the precursor to obtain the single-phase multi-doped FePO4. The results indicated that the obtained product delivers an enhanced capacity of 130mAhg−1 at 0.1C owing to the doping effect of the multiple metal ions derived from the converter sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li(Fe,M)PO4/C (M: Mg, Al, Zn, Mn) cathode materials for lithium ion batteries are prepared by addition of H3PO4, H2O2, and NH4OH to aqueous H2SO4 solutions of converter sludge (pH 4, 45 min), followed by sintering a mixture of the obtained (Fe,M)PO4, LiOH·H2O, and polypropylene at 710 °C for 8 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]