Search

With the large-scale retirement of new energy vehicles, it is particularly important to recycle and reuse retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the current improper handling of spent electrolytes will cause serious environmental problems. Here, we propose a novel, simple and easy-to-implement method to realize the high-value utilization of recovered electrolytes from retired LIBs. Comparing with the initial content of LiPF6 (1 mol L−1 in a mixed carbonate solvent system, and about 1 g in a 18650 type LIB) in fresh batteries, a maximum leaching efficiency of 29% could be realized during the full-component resource reclamation of retired LIBs, using the selective mixed leaching solvent system of dimethyl carbonate + CHClF2 (1 : 1, v/v ratio). Then the water and HF impurities are reduced from 80.90 ppm to 4.56 ppm and from 1312.91 ppm to 291.52 ppm by pre-treatment with hexamethyl disilazane (C6H19NSi2). Although the purified electrolyte does not meet the standards for re-use in LIBs, it can be used as a synthetic raw material for lithium salt additives. As a typical case, the LiPF6 salt in a leached electrolyte is recycled into a salt additive of lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate (LiDFBOP) under the preferred reaction conditions (75 °C, 27 h, with a molar ratio of 1 : 3 for LiPF6 : bis (trimethylsilicon)oxalate), realizing closed-loop recycling. The electrochemical results show that the electrochemical performances of the graphite/Li and LNCA/Li half cells are significantly improved with the addition of the as-prepared LiDFBOP additive. This research gives a large-scale synthesis route to realize high-value utilization of low-quality LiPF6, and helps establish a full-component resource reclamation process of retired LIBs. It not only improves environmental friendliness, but also realizes the high efficiency utilization of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A truncated octahedron structured LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (denoted as EG-LNMO) is synthesized by a graphite assisted calcination method. Herein, we introduce a possible growth model, graphite–ethanol synergism, for the formation of the truncated octahedral morphology LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 based on a series of experimental results. The electrochemical test results indicate that EG-LNMO materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performances, attributed to the unique truncated octahedron structure. It has a high stability {111} crystal plane group and high lithium conductivity {100} crystal plane group, which can meet the requirements of large rate and long cycling performance. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of EG-LNMO under extreme conditions are tested (rapid charge–discharge performance and cycling performance at high rate). The results show that the capacity decay of the electrode material mainly depends on the later stage of the cycling process, which may be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the electrolyte decomposition and corrosion reaction, as well as the phase change inactivation of the electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impurity of water, which should be controlled strictly during industrial production and storage processes, has a fatal influence on the performance of lithium ion batteries. Here, lithium bis(oxalato)borate is taken as an example to investigate the changes in properties of chelate-borate complexes when stored in a humid environment, using techniques of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Besides, the effect of heating on remediation is studied with acidity test and electrochemical performance measurement. Results show that high relative humidity can accelerate the rate of increase in weight, though the same constant weight will be achieved in the end. The increase in weight is caused by a comprehensive action including the occurrence of hydrolytic reactions, and the formation of adsorbed water and crystal water. Further studies indicate that hydrolytic decomposition is spontaneous at room temperature, but the backward reaction cannot proceed with a heating method, namely, the remediation will be limited due to the formation of harmful hydrolysis products, though both the adsorbed water and the crystal water can be removed thoroughly. Moreover, we believe that the existence of hydrolysis products will lead to a sharp impedance increase of the so-called solid electrolyte interphase film, which will give rise to the deterioration of electrochemical performance sequentially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent works show the promise for lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as an electrolyte salt for lithium‐ion batteries. In this paper, LiBF4 is synthesized by a novel reaction between the as‐prepared anhydrous Li2SO3 and (C2H5)2O⋅BF3 in an aprotic solvent. The moisture sensitivity and water‐removing method of LiBF4 materials which has been dried under vacuum for 2 h at different temperature, is studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Results show that almost all of the adsorbed water would be removed at above 65 °C. With the increase of drying temperature, crystal water will decrease slowly, and almost disappear completely at 170 °C. However, due to the thermal decomposition of LiBF4, LiF and BF2OH impurities are formed as the temperature reaches 165 °C. So, we determine that the proper drying temperature is 155 °C, though the trace water cannot be removed thoroughly. Besides, influences of trace water on the electrochemical performance of Li/MCMB half‐cell with LiBF4 as electrolyte salt has been investigated. Results show that discharge plateaus at about 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+ will be lengthened with the increase of water content. Subsequently, the so‐called solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film will become thicker and more resistant, which leads to poor Li+ ion migration and bad cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent works show the promise for lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as an electrolyte salt for lithium‐ion batteries. In this paper, LiBF4 is synthesized by a novel reaction between the as‐prepared anhydrous Li2SO3 and (C2H5)2O⋅BF3 in an aprotic solvent. The moisture sensitivity and water‐removing method of LiBF4 materials which has been dried under vacuum for 2 h at different temperature, is studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Results show that almost all of the adsorbed water would be removed at above 65 °C. With the increase of drying temperature, crystal water will decrease slowly, and almost disappear completely at 170 °C. However, due to the thermal decomposition of LiBF4, LiF and BF2OH impurities are formed as the temperature reaches 165 °C. So, we determine that the proper drying temperature is 155 °C, though the trace water cannot be removed thoroughly. Besides, influences of trace water on the electrochemical performance of Li/MCMB half‐cell with LiBF4 as electrolyte salt has been investigated. Results show that discharge plateaus at about 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+ will be lengthened with the increase of water content. Subsequently, the so‐called solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film will become thicker and more resistant, which leads to poor Li+ ion migration and bad cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material with high working voltage is a promising cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. In this investigation, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials with different particle sizes and crystal morphologies were synthesized by a modified solid-state method at different temperatures (750, 800, 850, and 900 °C). The evolution panorama of morphology and surface orientation with the temperature change of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials were studied. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results showed that with the increase of temperature, the particle sizes increased and the crystal growth became more and more complete. Electrochemical tests showed that the material calcined under 850 °C exhibits a truncated octahedral structure and the best electrochemical performance. It delivers a discharge capacity of 124 mA h g−1 at 1 C; even at a high rate of 10 C, a capacity of 90 mA h g−1 can be obtained. The discharge capacity retention of the material is 91.2% after 150 cycles. In addition, the sample prepared by acetate reactant shows excellent electrochemical performance due to the truncated octahedron structure consisted of {111} and {100} surface as well as the appropriate particle size of ~ 1 μm. The {111} surface is conducive to stabilize the material structure, and {100} surface is conducive to the transfer of Li+ ion and electrons. At the same time, it also founded that the appropriate particle size could reduce the electrolyte corrosion of the material and easy for Li+ ion migration. As a result, the material exhibits an improved electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The further development of lithium‐ion batteries is often desired to obtain higher capacities by charging to higher potentials. However, such a high potential (>4.3 V) will inevitably result in capacity loss of the LiMn2O4 cathode material over numerous cycles. In this work, degradation mechanisms of LiMn2O4 electrode cycled at different charge cut‐off potentials (4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8 V vs. Li/Li+, respectively) have been investigated. It is found that the capacity degraded seriously after aging cycles at the cut‐off potentials (<4.6 V), especially at 4.4 V. Remarkably, a thicker cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) film on the cathode surface can be observed when the potential reached 4.7 and 4.8 V. Thus, two degradation mechanisms are proposed, which are also verified by the calculation of the diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions (DLi+). This work demonstrates the relationship between the capacity fade and cut‐off potentials and provides a useful guidance for other cathode materials with high‐voltage operation. Two degradation mechanisms of LiMn2O4 at various cut‐off potentials are proposed: 1) the bulk structure suffers from collapse with cells charged below 4.6 V; 2) higher cut‐off potentials (4.7 and 4.8 V) resulted in a thicker CEI film and enhanced degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to optimize the electrolyte system of lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate (LiDFOB)-ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)/ethylene carbonate (EC)/adiponitrile (ADN) to overcome the drawback of low discharge capacity at room temperature and the easily decomposition of ADN under lower potential, three sulfur-containing solvents, ethylene sulfite (ES), dimethyl sulfite (DMS) and sulfolane (SL) are introduced. AC impedances, cycling performance, cyclic voltammetry tests as well as compatibilities between electrolytes and positive/negative electrodes are evaluated, respectively. Both of the solution systems of 0.7 M LiDFOB-EMC/ES/ADN (49: 49: 2, vol. % ratio) and 0.7 M LiDFOB-EMC/SL/ADN (65.3: 32.7: 2, vol. % ratio) are recommended as alternative electrolytes for 5 V high-voltage lithium ion batteries, benefitting from the synergistic effect between LiDFOB salt and sulfur-containing solvents. Besides, the effect on the performance of sulfur-containing solvents on the positive and negative electrodes is studied by theoretical calculation. This paper provides a promising candidate for improving the electrochemical performance of the battery by optimization of electrolyte formula, especially by a combination of lithium salt and solvent mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lithium transition-metal phosphate LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 has two operating potentials, 3.5 V and 4.1 V, which is favorable for increasing the energy and power densities of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To study the compatibility between LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 and electrolytes, lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) is chosen as the lithium salt, based upon ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and dimethyl sulfite (DMS) as the supporting electrolyte solvents. The electrochemical performances of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)-based and LiBOB-based electrolytes are compared. The combination of LiBOB and DMS can facilitate the formation of an effective passivation film. In addition, LiBOB-EC/DMS electrolyte exhibits better cycle and rate performance. The results suggest that LiBOB-EC/DMS electrolyte has good compatibility with LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4, which makes it an attractive electrolyte for rechargeable LIBs based upon LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To satisfy the need of 5 V high-voltage cathode materials, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) with excellent film-forming property has been chosen as lithium salt, and adiponitrile (ADN) with stable electrochemical performance has been evaluated as functional additive. An electrochemical investigation of this novel electrolyte solution shows a wide electrochemical oxidation window of nearly 6.0 V vs Li + /Li. Due to the positive effect of ADN on the cathode/electrolyte interface, LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 /Li half-cell with ADN-adding electrolyte exhibits prominent rate capability and cyclability. It is believed that the improvement of electrochemical performances has benefitted greatly from interfacial impedance reducing. Two modeling hypotheses have been used to explain interfacial interaction between ADN and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , by the means of analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculation. Results show that ADN can enrich the surface of cathode material to hinder the further decomposition of the electrolyte, and contribute to the formation of a cathode-electrolyte interface passivation film with protective and conductive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) suffering from severe performance degradation because of the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode at low temperature restricts their practical applications. Herein, lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) as the additive is introduced into lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) based electrolyte to improve the electrochemical performance of graphite/Li half-cells at low temperature. Contrary to the popular perception, we reveal at low temperature that LiDFP attenuates the decomposition of LiFSI by competing the hydrolysis reaction with LiFSI to generate a SEI film rich in LiF and Li 3 PO 4 during prolonged cycling, rather than preferential decomposition. Additionally, the possible reaction equations and the interaction mechanism between LiDFP and LiFSI are proposed by combining in situ electrochemical impedance electrochemical (PRIs-EIS) tests, spectroscopic characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is demonstrated that the strong binding energy between LiF (from the decomposition of LiFSI) and LiDFP makes LiDFP easier deposit on the electrode surface. This work demonstrates the synergistic role combining the complementary advantage of film-forming additives and main lithium salts to improve the interfacial stability of LIBs at low temperature. Additionally, it can also pave the new pathway for the design of low temperature electrolytes in LIBs. [Display omitted] • The synergy effect of additive LiDFP and LiFSI improves the interface stability. • The competitive hydrolysis reaction of LiDFP and LiFSI is elucidated. • The strong binding energy between LiF and LiDFP enables LiDFP easier deposit. • The stable and robust interface can avoid the aggregation of organics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The longevity of lithium-ion batteries is determined by the rate of chemical and electrochemical side reactions that limit their charge storage capacity. In particular, dissolution of transition metals from the cathode accelerates the blockage of Li x C 6 anodes, but few direct dissolution studies have been made to date. Although LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) has been frequently used as a model electrode for dissolution studies, the cause and nature of dissolution and dissolution-free states are still unclear. By online inductively coupled plasma analysis, we detect dissolution from LMO electrodes in real time to reveal the role of surface versus bulk structure effects, electrode potential and degree of lithiation on Mn dissolution. We find that fully lithiated LMO, with an average Mn redox state of 3.5, readily dissolves when brought in contact with 0.2 M Li 2 SO 4 , but that on initial charging a dissolution–passivation event preceding delithiation abruptly stops further detectable dissolution, until well past fully delithiated λ-MnO 2. Dissolution reactivates on returning to the initial potential of pristine LMO, and increases exponentially in the overlithiation region. Our results provide access to much more detailed dissolution information than post-mortem battery analysis allows, enabling targeted materials screening and informing best practices in charging/discharging profiles. In particular, our data suggests that suitable potential conditioning of electrodes may mitigate dissolution, as an alternative or additional measure to the use of protective surface films or incorporation of dopants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) derived from the interaction between electrolyte and electrode plays a decisive role in Li-ion battery performance. Lithium difluoro(bisoxalato) phosphate (LiDFBOP) as the derivative of LiPF 6 has caused great attention among the researchers. However, the mechanism of effect for LiDFBOP salt has not yet revealed, which limits the findings for the fundamental cause of performance improvement. In this work, the effect of LiDFBOP on the mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anode electrode has been investigated with aid of surface analysis technique, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). On the basis of the modification with LiDFBOP, the long-term cycling and degradation resistance of Li/MCMB half cells have been achieved, which results from the preferential decomposition of LiDFBOP regulating the decomposition law of the electrolyte system. The SEI film with layer structure has different composition distribution under the obstruction of LiDFBOP of the decomposition of LiPF 6. The more organic ingredients are distributed in the SEI film on the electrolyte side, which leads to low impedance and fast transportation of lithium ions. The special ingredient distribution is ascribed to the obstruction of LiDFBOP on the decomposition of LiPF 6. This work signifies the research of the effect of SEI film distribution on the battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The elements of Li, Ni, Co and Mn in Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials were replacing with Al. • Al-doped materials display different electrochemical performances. • The relationship between electrochemical characteristics and structure evolution has been systematically studied. Layered Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials have attracted immense interest for using in lithium-ion batteries, owing to their high energy density. However, the severe degradation of cycle and rate performances has impeded the actual commercial application. Herein, Al was selected as doping element to substitute for the metal elements of Li, Ni, Co and Mn in Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 material to promote electrochemical performances and optimize element proportion. Results indicate that when replacing Li with Al, it displays outstanding initial coulombic efficiency of 80.06%. Besides, Al-substitution for Co shows excellent rate performance of 147.3 mAh g−1 at 5.0 C. Particularly, the replacement of Mn not only shows the highest capacity and voltage retention within the potential range from 2.0 to 4.8 V, but also presents superior capacity retention up to the potential of 5.0 V. Unfortunately, the substitution of Ni displays the worst balanced electrochemical performance among Al-doped materials, which shows lower voltage retention than that of pristine. The reasons why Al-substitution for various cations displays difference on electrochemical performance were discussed from the perspective of migration, dissolution and valence reduction of transition metal ions to the structure evolution in detail. The proposed method and detected action mechanisms can provide guidance on how to optimize materials structure and composition for cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries to obtain electrode materials with excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing LiFePO 4 cathode from FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste residue, the by-product of TiO 2 production, can effectively reduce the LiFePO 4 cost and alleviate the environmental pollution problem. However, the inevitable Ti impurity may affect the structure and electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4. Based on the actual Ti content in FeSO 4 ·7 H 2 O waste residue, herein, we prepared the Ti-doped LiFePO 4 , which is expected to get the suitable Ti content. Importantly, Ti-doped with an appropriate amount can reduce the particle size of LiFePO 4 and shorten the migration distance of Li+ ions. Moreover, the impurity Ti as a dopant with an appropriate amount can modulate the band structures, improve the conductivity of LiFePO 4 and enhance the diffusion kinetics of Li+ ions. Hence, the sample with optimal Ti content (LFP-2) shows distinguished electrochemical performance with excellent rate capacity (93.5 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and stable long-term cycle performance (capacity retention of 94.9% after 300 cycles at 1 C with an initial capacity of 151.3 mAh g−1). This research is conducive to reducing the production cost of LiFePO 4 and solving the problem of environmental pollution. [Display omitted] • The effect of impurity Ti on LiFePO 4 is illustrated. • The sample with optimal impurity Ti content (LFP-2) endows the highest rate and cycle performance. • The result can be attributed to the diminution of particle size and the improvement of conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient energy storage of lithium-ion batteries plays a significant role across lots of sectors including consumer electronics, electric and hybrid electric vehicles and a smart grid accommodating intermittent renewable energy sources. Nanostructured cathode materials present fascinating opportunities for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, but intrinsic problems linked with the high surface area to volume ratios in the nanometer-range have restricted their adoption for practical applications. We demonstrate processing platform that realize high-performance nanostructured-LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM) layer cathode with carbon coating as a conductive additive. In this paper, we first presented a green, novel, economic and controllable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with sucrose as carbon source to coating NCM. Sol-gel synthesized NCM of carbon coated with optimized thickness by this formula are shown to have outstanding rate performance and robust cycle lifetime. The thickness - optimized sample of discharge capacity is as high as 104.5 mAh g −1 for 10 C (6s). High capacity retentions of 94.29% and 94.78% after 100 cycles for 0.1 C, respectively. Compared with the heat evaporation method, with the CVD method has better uniformity and higher quality. This approach further improves evidently the NCM of electrochemical performance and thus promotes lithium-ion battery development technology into unprecedented regimes of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water has a fatal influence on the performance of lithium ion batteries. In this work, Lithium hexafluoro phosphate(LiPF 6 )-ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB)-tetramethylene sulfone (SL)/DEC are taken as examples to investigate the influences of water concentration for electrochemical window, acidity, impedance and cycling performance for lithium ion batteries by adjusting water concentrations in the electrolytes. Results show that LiBOB-based electrolyte has better water tolerance compared with LiPF 6 -based system, due to the formation of LiBOB·xH 2 O compounds by consuming the additive trace water. Besides, inductively coupled plasma test result shows that Mn ion dissolution in LiPF 6 systems is extremely severe, which is mainly caused by the corrosive reaction between LiMn 2 O 4 and by-product HF acid. And we believe that Mn ion dissolution and the following deposition should be responsible for failure work of LiPF 6 -based cells. But for LiBOB-based cells, stable SEI layers and good electrochemical performances have been obtained, benefitting from the synergistic effect between LiBOB salt and SL solvent. And the presence of high-resistance B(C 2 O 4 ) (OH) and LiB(C 2 O 4 ) (OH) 2 products on surface of graphite electrode is the main reason for a small number of capacity fading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A potential resolved in-situ electrochemical impedance technique was built. • The solid electrolyte interface layer still be formed and decomposed after long cycle. • The contribution of the interface layer compounds to impedance was distinguished. An understanding of the formation and evolution of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer is still a challenge for lithium ion batteries due to its complexity and non-uniformity. Herein, an in-situ electrochemical technique, named potential resolved in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PRIs-EIS), have developed to correlate the Nyquist and Bode plot changes with the voltammetric scan, which is then used to determine the correspondence between circuit components and SEI layer composition. Moreover, the formation and re-oxidation of organic compounds in the SEI layer are studied in conjunction with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance characteristics. In particular, it is shown that more inorganic compounds accumulate in the SEI layer as the cycle continues, repairing the pore structure, but decreasing the toughness of the SEI layer. The PRIs-EIS technique is shown to be a powerful, useful and cost-effective tool to illuminate the interfacial reaction mechanism, and the results from this technique aid in the evaluation and design of electrolyte systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissolution, migration, and deposition of transition metal (TM) ions are the main reasons for the capacity degradation of lithium-ion batteries, which significantly affect their comprehensive electrochemical performance and safety. In this work, the effects of different TM ions (Mn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+) on the electrochemical performance of lithium/mesocarbon microbeads half-cell were compared, and the mechanism was discussed. It is found that Mn2+ ions inhibit the decomposition of lithium salt and promote the decomposition of solvents, resulting in the crack of electrode material and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film and the increase of capacity degradation. In contrast, Ni2+ ions promote the decomposition of lithium salts to a certain extent, thus inhibiting the excessive damage to the SEI film and electrode material. This study can provide theoretical support and research direction for the design of the electrolytes that can alleviate the damage of TM ions to the anode and the SEI film. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 materials with working voltage of 4.7 V vs. Li/Li+ can be used in lithium-ion batteries to meet the demands of high-voltage applications. However, these materials tend to undergo capacity degradation with cycling, and exhibit low coulombic efficiency. The redox reactions of the transition metals in LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 are related to voltage plateaus, which have an important influence on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we investigated the effects of two voltage plateaus for LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathode (4.0 V vs. Li+/Li and 4.7 V vs. Li+/Li) on the capacity degradation and coulombic efficiency, through the charging of half-cells to different cut-off potentials. We find that the redox reactions of manganese at the 4.0 V plateau play a negligible role in the capacity loss, while the increase in manganese content in the cathode material can significantly affect the coulombic efficiency. By contrast, when the cell was charged to cut-off potentials ≥4.8 V with a plateau at 4.7 V for nickel, the cell capacity degraded rapidly. Interestingly, when the cells were charged to 5.0 V, the content of P, F, Ni, and Mn increased with the thickness of the SEI film, indicating accelerated decomposition of the electrolyte due to the contribution of nickel. Thus, this work verifies the dependence of the capacity degradation and coulombic efficiency on the voltage plateau, and provides important information for further investigation of the effect of voltage plateaus on the characteristics and behavior of cathode materials. • Cells charged below 4.7 V with a 4.0 V plateau show high capacity retention. • The 4.7 V plateau with Ni contribute to most of the capacity but rapid capacity loss. • High manganese content expressed by charging time degrade the coulombic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]