1. Temporal-spatial organ response after blast-induced experimental blunt abdominal trauma.
- Author
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Maitz A, Haussner F, Braumüller S, Hoffmann A, Lupu L, Wachter U, Radermacher P, Braun CK, Wilke HJ, Vogt M, Ignatius A, Halbgebauer R, Bettac L, Barth TFE, Huber-Lang M, and Palmer A
- Subjects
- Acute Kidney Injury etiology, Animals, Liver injuries, Liver metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pancreas injuries, Pancreas metabolism, Abdominal Injuries complications, Acute Kidney Injury pathology, Blast Injuries complications, Liver pathology, Multiple Trauma complications, Pancreas pathology
- Abstract
Abdominal trauma (AT) is of major global importance, particularly with the increased potential for civil, terroristic, and military trauma. The injury pattern and systemic consequences of blunt abdominal injuries are highly variable and frequently underestimated or even missed, and the pathomechanisms remain still poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the temporal-spatial organ and immune response after a standardized blast-induced blunt AT. Anesthetized mice were exposed to a single blast wave centered on the epigastrium. At 2, 6, or 24 h after trauma, abdominal organ damage was assessed macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically. A higher degree of trauma severity, determined by a reduction of the distance between the epigastrium and blast inductor, was reflected by a reduced survival rate. The hemodynamic monitoring during the first 120 min after AT revealed a decline in the mean arterial pressure within the first 80 min, whereas the heart rate remained quite stable. AT induced a systemic damage and inflammatory response, evidenced by elevated HMGB-1 and IL-6 plasma levels. The macroscopic injury pattern of the abdominal organs (while complex) was consistent, with the following frequency: liver > pancreas > spleen > left kidney > intestine > right kidney > others > lungs and was reflected by microscopic liver and pancreas damages. Plasma levels of organ dysfunction markers increased during the first 6 h after AT and subsequently declined, indicating an early, temporal impairment of the function on a multi-organ level. The established highly reproducible murine blunt AT, with time- and trauma-severity-dependent organ injury patterns, systemic inflammatory response, and impairment of various organ functions, reflects characteristics of human AT. In the future, this model may help to study the complex immuno-pathophysiological consequences and innovative therapeutic approaches after blunt AT., (© 2021 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)
- Published
- 2021
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