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Methods accurately predicting the responses of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) to personalized chemotherapy remain limited due to tumor heterogeneity. This study introduces an innovative patient-derived CRC and CRLM tumor model for preclinical investigation, utilizing 3d-bioprinting (3DP) technology. Efficient construction of homogeneous in vitro 3D models of CRC/CRLM is achieved through the application of patient-derived primary tumor cells and 3D bioprinting with bioink. Genomic and histological analyses affirm that the CRC/CRLM 3DP tumor models effectively retain parental tumor biomarkers and mutation profiles. In vitro tests evaluating chemotherapeutic drug sensitivities reveal substantial tumor heterogeneity in chemotherapy responses within the 3DP CRC/CRLM models. Furthermore, a robust correlation is evident between the drug response in the CRLM 3DP model and the clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These findings imply a significant potential for the application of patient-derived 3DP cancer models in precision chemotherapy prediction and preclinical research for CRC/CRLM., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background and Objectives: The scope of laparoscopic surgery has expanded to encompass hepatic resections, specifically hepatic hemangioma. The most serious intraoperative complication is bleeding, often requiring laparotomy. Because risk factors associated with such massive blood loss have not been well evaluated, the intent of this retrospective study was to analyze these risk factors associated with laparoscopic resection of hepatic hemangiomas., Methods: From June 1, 2011 to January 31, 2021, 140 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic surgery for hepatic hemangioma in our hospital. According to quantity of intraoperative blood loss, they were divided into massive (≥ 800 ml) and minor blood loss (< 800 ml) groups. Perioperative data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression to identify the risk factors for potential massive blood loss during laparoscopic resection., Results: There were 24 and 116 patients in the massive and minor blood loss groups, respectively. Of four risk factors significantly associated with massive blood loss by univariate logistic regression analysis (location of hemangioma in the liver, postcaval or hepatic venous compression, hilar compression, and body mass index exceeding 28) the multifactorial logistic model identified only location in the liver of the hemangioma as statistically (P = 0.012) associated with intraoperative massive blood loss., Conclusions: Location of the hepatic hemangioma was the single statistically significant risk factor for massive blood loss during laparoscopic surgery for hepatic hemangioma. Of particular importance, location in Couinaud liver segments I, IVa, VII, and VIII necessitates precautions to mitigate the risk of massive blood loss., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: none., (© 2021 by SLS, Society of Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeons.)

Serum interleukin (IL)‑17A level is associated with higher microvessel density and poor prognosis in liver cancer. However, the specific mechanism underlying the role of IL‑17A in liver cancer remains controversial. In the present study, the effect of IL‑17A on liver cancer cells was examined. IL‑17A had no evident impact on vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) production in HepG2 and Huh7.5 cells as determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and ELISA, but it did stimulate angiogenic CXC chemokine secretion, including chemokine (C‑X‑C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6 and CXCL8 in Huh7.5 cells and CXCL2 in HepG2 cells. In addition, the production of angiostatic chemokines such as CXCL10 was not affected. The supernatant of Huh7.5‑IL17A cells promoted endothelial cell chemotaxis, which was attenuated by the C‑X‑C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) inhibitor SB225002. Although there was no role of IL‑17A in promoting in vitro cell proliferation, IL‑17A markedly increased the tumor growth of Huh7.5 cells in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models with increased vascularization. Taken together, these results demonstrated that IL‑17A may stimulate chemokine‑induced angiogenesis and promote tumor progression, independent of VEGF signaling. The CXCL‑CXCR2 axis may be a novel target for the anti‑angiogenesis treatment of liver cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of liver haemangioma and describe growth rates by age., Methods: A retrospective study of people undergoing a health examination. The collected data included gender, age, presence or absence and size of liver haemangioma. A second database of liver haemangioma patients with a minimum follow up period of 5 years was analysed. The collected data included gender, initial age at diagnosis, follow-up period, initial and final size., Results: Patients were divided into four age groups: 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and ≥50 years. Patients in the 20-29 years group had the lowest prevalence of liver haemangioma (1.78%) and the smallest size (1.3 ± 0.7 cm), while 40-49 years group had the highest prevalence (3.94%) and largest size (1.9 ± 1.3 cm). Patients between 30 and 39 years had the greatest increase in haemangioma size (4.0 cm, (3.0, 6.0) cm), while patients of ≥50 years had the least (1.4 cm (0.5, 3.8) cm). The proportion of patients without an increase in haemangioma size increased with age (P = 0.031)., Conclusion: Age is an important factor affecting the prevalence and growth rate of liver haemangioma., (Copyright © 2017 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is a method for the treatment of liver hemangioma, but fewer studies reported the long-term result.Retrospective study was conducted to liver hemangioma patients who received TAE. The inclusion criteria included the following: the period of follow-up was more than 5 years; and patients were followed up for less than 5 years, but received surgical treatment due to the enlargement of tumor or severe complications of TAE. The collected data included sex, age, size of the tumor, times of TAE, complications, period of follow-up, long-term result, and whether or not surgery was finally performed.Fifty-five patients were included, and the average age was 43.1 ± 8.6 years. The average size of liver hemangioma was 9.0 ± 4.3 cm. Four patients (7.3%) had severe complications after TAE, including 2 cases of biloma which were cured by surgery. The tumor size was smaller or the same in 19 patients after 5 years follow-up, and the long-term effective rate was 35.8%. The size of tumor became larger in the other 34 patients (64.2%), and 29 patients (54.7%) received surgery finally. The long-term effective rate for patients with ≥10 cm tumor and <10 cm tumor were 12.5% and 45.9%, respectively, and the difference was significant (P = .019).The long-term result of TAE for liver hemangioma was not satisfying, and the treatment had the risk of severe complication. For patients with asymptomatic liver hemangioma, TAE should not be conducted.

Background: The location of liver haemangioma may affect surgical decisions, but no study has ever examined this issue., Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 338 liver haemangioma patients who visited at clinic. The collected data included demographics, location, symptoms and whether surgical treatment was performed. For patients with surgical treatment, the collected data included radiologic characteristics, surgical procedures, surgical variables, postoperative stay, morbidity, and mortality. According to the location, patients were divided into left or right group and comparison was made between them., Results: Compared to the right group, patients in the left group were more likely to have symptoms (P = 0.018), especially patients with 5- to 10-cm haemangiomas (P < 0.001). Patients in the left group had higher rates of exophytic lesions and gastric outlet compression (63.8% vs 7.1%, 56.5% vs 5.1%, P < 0.001 each), while patients in the right group had a higher rate of vessel compression (36.4% vs 21.7%, P = 0.043). Higher ratio of patients in left group received liver resection (75.4% vs 26.3%, P < 0.001). The surgical time, amounts of collected blood and autologous transfusion were all greater in the right group (P = 0.008, P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The postoperative stay was longer in the right group (P = 0.007)., Conclusion: The location of liver haemangioma should be considered when making surgical decisions, and it may be one of the main considerations for surgical procedures., (Copyright © 2017 IJS Publishing Group Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A 33-year-old male has been found with a giant liver hemangioma of initial size 29 cm for 5 years. He received arterial embolization twice in order to shrink the tumor; however, no effect was obtained. The tumor had rapidly grown to 50 cm and caused abnormalities in the hematological and coagulative systems. Preoperative computed tomography revealed that the right hepatic vein, right hepatic artery, and right portal vein were not involved by the hemangioma. Resection of the giant liver hemangioma was successfully performed after intraoperative intentional bloodletting with concurrent blood salvage. All hematological and coagulative abnormalities had returned to normal after the procedure.

Rationale: Adult Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with giant liver hemangioma is rare; to date, most reports have been single-case reports, and no multi-case reports or literature reviews are available., Diagnoses: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 5 cases of adult Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with giant liver hemangioma treated at our hospital between 2011 and 2016. All 5 patients had varying severities of leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypofibrinogenemia., Interventions: All the patients underwent surgery: 2 patients had left hemihepatectomy; 1 had enucleation; 1 had a right hemihepatectomy; and 1 had a left trisectionectomy., Outcomes: The 5 patients had an average operative time of 6.9 hours and an average blood loss of 3200 mL. One patient developed a biliary fistula (grade II) after the operation. There was no mortality among 5 patients. The white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, platelets, and prothrombin times of all 5 patients returned to normal after the operation. To date, a total of 11 cases of adult Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with giant liver hemangioma have been reported, of which 8 patients underwent surgery, and their platelets and coagulation returned to normal after the operation., Lessons: Adult Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with giant liver hemangioma is uncommon, and surgical treatment is risky. However, resection of the tumor corrected the abnormalities in hematological and coagulative systems.

Background: Giant liver hemangioma >20 cm may cause severe complications; therefore, operative treatment can be highly difficult and risky. No studies have been performed to determine the characteristics of this subgroup., Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 141 patients who underwent operative treatment for liver hemangioma. The patients were divided into an extremely giant hemangioma group (>20 cm, 36 cases) and a giant hemangioma group (>10 cm but <20 cm, 105 cases). A comparison was then made between the groups. For patients in the extremely giant hemangioma group, further comparison was also made between liver resection and enucleation., Results: Compared with the giant hemangioma group, patients in the extremely giant hemangioma group had greater rates of leukopenia (P < .001), anemia (P < .001), thrombocytopenia (P < .001), pancytopenia (P < .001), prolonged prothrombin time (P < .001), and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (P = .001). Patients in the extremely giant hemangioma group also had greater rates of compression of the hepatic vein (P < .001), inferior vena cava (P < .001), and porta hepatis (P < .001). The extremely giant hemangioma group had more blood loss (P < .001) and autologous transfusion (P < .001), greater rates of blood transfusion (P < .001), and greater postoperative stays (P < .001). Morbidity was greater in the extremely giant hemangioma group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = .076). For patients in the extremely giant hemangioma group, no differences were detected regarding autologous transfusion, blood transfusion, or morbidity between enucleation and liver resection., Conclusion: Extremely giant hemangiomas may cause abnormalities in the hematologic and coagulation systems. Operative treatment may be difficult and risky but can be completed safely., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To study the clinical features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Methods: The clinical manifestations, imaging features, pathological subtypes and treatment outcome of two cases with NAFLD-associated HCC were analyzed., Results: In these two cases, both were young, obese male patients, with contrast enhanced CT scan of hemangioma-like features. They had undergone surgical resection and both were reported as well-differentiated HCC pathologically. They were followed-up respectively up to 46 and 36 months post-operatively with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis., Conclusions: NAFLD-associated HCC has different radiological presentations from typical HCC. Incidental finding of any liver occupying lesions in NAFLD patients should raise immediate clinical attention.

Background: Hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are rare and often misdiagnosed., Aims: We report our experience with 33 cases over 20 years to discuss an algorithm for these diseases., Methods: Patients presenting with a diagnosis of hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas were retrospectively reviewed from January 1991 to October 2010. Clinical data were collected by examining hospital records and by follow-up questionnaire interviews., Results: Thirty-three patients had pathologically diagnosed hepatobiliary cystadenomas (19/33, 17 females and two males) or cystadenocarcinomas (14/33, five females and nine males). Symptoms of cystadenomas at hospitalization were abdominal bloating or pain (9/19). Nine patients had an elevated level of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9. The surgical procedures, i.e. cyst enucleation, segmentectomy, sectionectomy and hemihepatectomy, were performed with satisfactory outcomes. Symptoms of cystadenocarcinomas included abdominal bloating or pain (8/14) and fever (3/14). Seven patients had elevated CA19-9. The imaging characteristics of cystadenocarcinomas were similar to those of cystadenomas. The clinical outcomes for cystadenocarcinomas were mostly poor after either surgical or conservative treatment., Conclusions: Clinical symptoms are unreliable for these diagnoses and their differential diagnosis. Imaging evaluations and CA19-9 are of value for the recognition of cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, but not for their differential diagnosis. Any recurrence of liver cyst after surgery or other treatments should lead one to suspect one of these diseases. Invasive examination and percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology are not recommended. Complete excision or careful enucleation should be the first treatment choice for a better prognosis., (© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Background and Aim: Serum Golgi protein 73 (sGP73) is a novel and promising biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are few reports on the pattern of GP73 expression in HCC and the relationship of this expression to clinicopathologic features of patients. This study aimed to investigate the expression of GP73 and it correlation with clinical parameters., Methods: We examined GP73 expression in HCC and adjacent paracarcinomatous liver (PCL) tissue in 36 HCC patients, and took 14 normal liver (NL) samples from hepatic hemangioma patients. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used for analyses., Results: GP73 expression in HCC was significantly higher than in the corresponding PCL and NL samples at both protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.001). The elevated level of GP73 protein was strongly associated with tumor size, vein invasion, and tumor differentiation, suggesting augmented tumor invasion and metastasis. However, there was no association between GP73 expression and patient survival., Conclusion: Significant overexpression of GP73 at both protein and mRNA levels along with overexpression of GP73 protein is associated with aggressive behavior of HCC, but not overall patient survival. Further research is needed to determine the potential of GP73 as a therapeutic target., (© 2011 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.)