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Fecal samples from 10 pygmy chameleons, Rampholeon temporalis (Matschie, 1892), an endemic species of the Usambara Mountains in northeastern Tanzania, were examined for coccidian parasites. Two (20%) chameleons were found to be passing oocysts of Eimerio Schneider. Comparison with other species of Eimeria indicates that the coccidian found represents a new species. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria hajeki n. sp. are oval, 30.2 (29-31) by 23.5 (22-25) microm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.3 (1.2-1.4) and a 2-microm-thick rough, bilayered wall. Micropyle and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are oval to rhomboidal, 10.8 (9-11.5) by 8.8 (7.5-10) microm, with a shape index of 1.2 (1.15-1.3) and a wall composed of 2 valves joined by a suture.

Parasitological examination of two ornate Nile monitors Varanus ornatus (Daudin, 1803) imported from Benin revealed the presence of a new species of Caryospora. Oocysts of Caryospora varaniornati sp. n. are spherical to slightly subspherical, 12.0 (11-12.5) x 11.5 (11-12) microm, without amicropyle and oocyst residuum, and occasionally possessing one small polar granule. Sporocysts are broadly ellipsoidal, 8.8 (8.5-9.5) x 6.7 (6.5-7) microm; a lentil-like Stieda body is present, ca. 0.5 x 1 microm; substieda body not visible. Experimental infection of a closely related host, Varanus niloticus (L.), did not lead to the oocyst excretion despite the fact that one of the experimentally inoculated monitors was immunosuppressed by dexamethasone. Histological examination did not reveal stages of coccidian development. Therefore, it is possible that C. varaniornati is strictly host specific.

Oocysts/sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. measuring 9.7 (9-10) x 7.6 (7-8) microns were found in the intestinal contents of the Dahl's whip snake Coluber najadum. Of wide spectrum of experimentally inoculated hosts, only species of the family Gekkonidae--Ptyodactylus guttatus and Stenodactylus grandiceps--were found to be susceptible intermediate hosts. Transparent, barely visible sarcocysts found in tail, limbs and tongue striated muscles of the geckoes were 175-200 microns x 35-50 microns in size at 78 DPI. Ultrastructurally, the primary cyst wall was characteristic by spine-like villar protrusions up to 800 nm long, 200-250 nm in diameter at their base, tapering to thinner apex. Protrusions appear typically lobular or irregular in the cross-sections. Back-transmission from P. guttatus to Coluber rogersi leaded to oocysts/sporocysts excretion since 38 days post infection. Based on sarcocyst morphology and experimental data, Sarcocystis stenodactylicolubris is apparently a new species. Based on obtained and already published results, Sarcosporidia parasitising colubrid snakes as definitive hosts are suggested to be family specific on the level of their intermediate host.

Coprological examination of 83 East African chameleon specimens revealed 32.5% prevalence of coccidian parasites. Six species are described as new: Eimeria tilburyi n. sp. from Chamaeleo jacksonii has cylindrical oocysts, 28.9 (26-33) x 16.0 (14-18) microm and occasionally a small polar granule. Sporocysts are oval to ellipsoidal, 10.6 (9-12) x 7.2 (6-8) microm, without Stieda and substieda bodies; endogenous stages were found in the gall bladder. Oocysts of Eimeria largeni n. sp. from Chamaeleo gracilis are broadly cylindrical, 31.2 (29.5-34) x 19.3 (18.5-20) microm, with 1-3 polar granules. Sporocysts are oval, 10.2 (10-11) x 7.6 (7-8.5) microm, without Stieda and substieda bodies. Eimeria bohemii n. sp. from Chamaeleo melleri has cylindrical oocysts, 25.0 (24-26) x 14.0 (13-15) microm, without a polar granule. Sporocysts are broadly oval, 9.4 (9-10) x 6.5 (6-7) microm, without Stieda and substieda bodies. Isospora wildi n. sp. from Chamaeleo dilepis has subspherical to broadly oval oocysts, 25 (22-28) x 21.4 (18-24) microm, with a smooth wall 1 microm thick. Sporocysts are broadly oval to ellipsoidal, 12.3 (12-13) x 9.7 (9-10) microm, with Stieda and substieda bodies. Oocysts of Isospora necasi n. sp. from C. melleri are subspherical to broadly oval, 26.6 (21-30) x 24.3 (20-27) microm, with a velvetlike wall 2 microm thick. Sporocysts are broadly ellipsoidal, 12.8 (12-14) x 9.8 (9-10) microm, with slightly pointed end and with Stieda and substieda bodies. Oocysts of Isospora munriyu n. sp. from C. jacksonii are spherical to subspherical, 23.6 (21.5-25) x 21.9 (21-23) microm, with a finely granulated wall 1.5 microm thick. Sporocysts are broadly ellipsoidal, 12.4 (12-13) X 8.7 (8-10) microm, with Stieda and substieda bodies.