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Immunoscore is a prognostic tool defined to quantify in situ immune cell infiltrates and appears highly promising as a supplement to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification of various tumors. In colorectal cancer, an international task force has initiated prospective multicenter studies aiming to implement TNM-Immunoscore (TNM-I) in a routine clinical setting. In breast cancer, recommendations for the evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been proposed by an international working group. Regardless of promising results, there are potential obstacles related to implementing TNM-I into the clinic. Diverse methods may be needed for different malignancies and even within each cancer entity. Nevertheless, a uniform approach across malignancies would be advantageous. In nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there are several previous reports indicating an apparent prognostic importance of TILs, but studies on TILs in a TNM-I setting are sparse and no general recommendations are made. However, recently published data is promising, evoking a realistic hope of a clinical useful NSCLC TNM-I. This review will focus on the TNM-I potential in NSCLC and propose strategies for clinical implementation of a TNM-I in resected NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vimentin, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p105, fascin, E-cadherin, TGF-β, Par6 and atypical PKC are molecular markers that play an important role in cell differentiation. Herein, we investigate their prognostic impact in primary non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC). Tumour tissue samples from 335 resected patients with stage I–IIIA were used. Tissue microarrays were constructed from duplicate cores of both neoplastic cells and stromal cells and were immunohistochemically evaluated. In univariate analyses, high tumour epithelial cell expressions of NF-κB p105 (P=0.02) and E-cadherin (P=0.03) were positive prognostic indicators for disease-specific survival (DSS), whereas high tumour epithelial cell expression of vimentin (P=0.001) was a negative prognostic indicator. High expression of NF-κB p105 (P=0.001) and Par6 (P=0.0001) in the stromal compartment correlated with a good prognosis. In multivariate analyses, the tumour epithelial cell expression of NF-κB p105 (P=0.0001) and vimentin (P=0.005) and the stromal cell expression of NF-κB p105 (P=0.007) and Par6 (P=0.0001) were independent prognostic factors for DSS. High expression of NF-κB p105 and low expression of vimentin in tumour epithelial cells are independent predictors of better survival in primary NSCLC. In stromal cells, high expressions of NF-κB p105 and Par6 are both favourable independent prognostic indicators.British Journal of Cancer (2008) 99, 1476–1483. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604713 www.bjcancer.com Published online 14 October 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]