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Background: Lung cancer is one of the fatal cancers worldwide, and over 60% of patients are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our clinical data demonstrated that DNA methylation of the promoter region of miR-126-3p was upregulated, which led to the decreased expression of miR-126-3p in 67 cases of lung cancer tissues, implying that miR-126-3p acted as a tumor suppressor. Transduction of miR-126-3p is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating LUAD, yet the physiological environment and properties of miRNA challenge current transduction approaches. Methods: We evaluated the expression of miR-126-3p in 67 pairs of lung cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent non-tumorous tissues by Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The relationship between the overall survival of lung cancer patients and miR-126-3p was analyzed by the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort database (Oncolnc, http://www.oncolnc.org). We analyzed DNA methylation Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis. To determine whether ADAM9 is the direct target of miR-126-3p, we performed the 3′-UTR luciferase reporter assay. The protein levels in the cells or tissues were evaluated with western blotting (WB) analysis. The biodistribution of nanoparticles were monitored by in vivo tracking system. Results: We describe the development of novel stealth and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-activated biomimetic nanoparticles, which are constructed using MMP2-responsive peptides to bind the miR-126-3p (known as MAIN), and further camouflaged with red blood cell (RBC) membranes (hence named REMAIN). REMAIN was able to effectively transduce miRNA into lung cancer cells and release them via MMP2 responsiveness. Additionally, REMAIN possessed the advantages of the natural RBC membrane, including extended circulation time, lower toxicity, better biocompatibility, and immune escape. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that REMAIN effectively induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells and inhibited LUAD development and progression by targeting ADAM9. Conclusion: The novel style of stealth and MMP2-activated biomimetic nanoparticles show great potential in miRNA delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cuproptosis‐related genes are closely related to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which can be analyzed via the analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). To date, the clinical significance and function of cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs are still not well elucidated. Further analysis of cuproptosis‐related prognostic lncRNAs is of great significance for the treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis of LUAD. Methods: In this study, a multiple machine learning (ML)‐based computational approach was proposed for the identification of the cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs signature (CRlncSig) via comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis, lncRNAs, and clinical characteristics. The proposed approach integrated multiple ML algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression) to effectively identify the CRlncSig. Results: Based on the proposed approach, the CRlncSig was identified from the 3450 cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs, which consist of 13 lncRNAs (CDKN2A‐DT, FAM66C, FAM83A‐AS1, AL359232.1, FRMD6‐AS1, AC027237.4, AC023090.1, AL157888.1, AL627443.3, AC026355.2, AC008957.1, AP000346.1, and GLIS2‐AS1). Conclusions: The CRlncSig could well predict the prognosis of different LUAD patients, which is different from other clinical features. Moreover, the CRlncSig was proved to be an effective indicator of patient survival via functional characterization analysis, which is relevant to cancer progression and immune infiltration. Furthermore, the results of RT‐PCR assay indicated that the expression level of FAM83A‐AS1 and AC026355.2 in A549 and H1975 cells (LUAD) was significantly higher than that in BEAS‐2B cells (normal lung epithelial). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel style of biomimetic nanovehicle is constructed for epigenetic inhibitor delivery, by virtue of the hybrid membrane to camouflage the epigenetic inhibitor loaded nanoparticles. Efficient epigenetic inhibition is achieved, leading to effective inhibition of cancer metastasis. Our work opens a new avenue for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer with biomimetic nanovehicle mediated epigenetic inhibition. [Display omitted] Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), such as vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA), has become a promising approach for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. However, HDACIs usually showed a short circulation lifetime, low specificity, and low bioavailability, which limited their therapeutic effect in this field. We supposed that the use of biomimetic nanoparticles enabled to overcome the disadvantages of HDACIs, and improved the inhibition of metastatic lung cancer. SAHA was encapsulated into a pH-sensitive core constructed with Poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLAG) and 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP), followed by the camouflage with hybrid membranes derived from red blood cells and metastatic NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells (HRPDS). The physical and chemical properties were characterized with Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Size & Zeta potential analyzer. The cellular uptake was analyzed with Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and Flow cytometry (FACS). The biological effect analysis was performed with Western blotting (WB), RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), and ChIP-Sequencing (ChIP-Seq). HRPDS exhibited enhanced circulation lifetime in vivo and homotypic targeting to metastatic cells in the metastatic foci, which induced significant suppression of lung cancer liver metastasis. Our work opens a new avenue for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer by epigenetic inhibition based on this style of biomimetic nanovehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The metastasis of breast cancer is the leading cause of death, while lung metastasis is a major clinical phenomenon in patients with invasive breast cancer. The current treatment option comprising surgery, radiation, and standard chemotherapy cannot achieve a satisfactory effect on the treatment of lung metastasis of breast cancer. In this study, we report the potential of preventing lung metastasis of invasive breast cancer using the newly developed functional vincristine plus dasatinib liposomes. Methods: The investigations were performed on invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in lung metastatic model of invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Results: The functional drug liposomes were able to induce cell cycle arrest at G2 /M phase, induce apoptosis, inhibit adhesion, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro, and prevent lung metastasis of breast cancer in nude mice. Conclusion: These findings indicate a potential clinical use of functional vincristine plus dasatinib liposomes for treating metastatic breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to the highest cancer-related mortality for decades. To enhance the efficiency of early diagnosis and therapy, more efforts are urgently needed to reveal the origins of NSCLC. In this study, we explored the effect of miR-542-5p in NSCLC with clinical samples and in vivo models and further explored the prospective function of miR-542-5p though bioinformatics methods.Methods: A total of 125 NSCLC tissue samples were collected, and the expression of miR-542-5p was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-542-5p level and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The effect of miR-542-5p on survival time was also explored with K-M survival curves and Cox's regression. The effect of miR-542-5p on the tumorigenesis of NSCLC was verified with a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The potential target genes were predicted by bioinformatics tools, and relevant pathways were analyzed by GO and KEGG. Several hub genes were validated by Proteinatlas.Results: The expression of miR-542-5p was down-regulated in NSCLC tissues, and consistent results were also found in the subgroups of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Down-regulation of miR-542-5p was found to be connected with advanced TNM stage, vascular invasion, lymphatic metastasis and EGFR. Survival analyses showed that patients with lower miR-542-5p levels had markedly poorer prognosis. Both tumor growth and angiogenesis were significantly suppressed by miR-542-5p mimic in the CAM model. The potential 457 target genes of miR-542-5p were enriched in several key cancer-related pathways, such as morphine addiction and the cAMP signaling pathway from KEGG. Interestingly, six genes (GABBR1, PDE4B, PDE4C, ADCY6, ADCY1 and GIPR) from the cAMP signaling pathway were confirmed to be overexpressed in NSCLCs tissues.Conclusions: This evidence suggests that miR-542-5p is a potential tumor-suppressed miRNA in NSCLC, which has the potential to act as a diagnostic and therapeutic target of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanisms underlying lung cancer radioresistance remain to be fully elucidated. The DNA repair pathway is a predominant target of radiotherapy, which is considered to be involved in the acquired radioresistance of cancer cells. The present study aimed to establish a radioresistant cell model using the A549 human lung cancer cell line, and to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the radioresistance. The A549R radioresistant lung cancer cell variant was established by exposing the parental A549 cells to repeated γ-ray irradiation at a total dose of 60 Gy. Colony formation assays were then used to determine cell survival following γ-ray exposure. The established radioresistant cells were subsequently treated with or without the NU7026 DNA-PKcs inhibitor. The levels of DNA damage were determined by counting the number of fluorescent γ-H2AX foci in the cells. The cellular capacity for DNA repair was assessed using antibodies for the detection of various DNA repair pathway proteins. The radioresistant sub-clones exhibited significantly decreased survival following NU7026 treatment, compared with the parental cells, as determined by colony formation assays (P<0.05), and this finding was found to be dose-dependent. Treatment with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor significantly reduced γ-H2AX foci formation (P<0.05) following acute radiation exposure in the radioresistant sub-clones, compared with the parental control cells. The decreased levels of γ-H2AX were accompanied by an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in the radioresistant cell line following post-radiation treatment with the DNA-PKcs inhibitor. The expression levels of proteins associated with the DNA repair pathway were altered markedly in the cells treated with NU7026. The results of the present study suggested that radioresistance may be associated with enhanced DNA repair following exposure to radiation, resulting in reduced apoptosis. Therefore, the quantity of γ-H2AX determines the radioresistance of cells. The DNA repair pathway is important in mediating radioresistance, and treatment with the DNA-PKcs inhibitor, NU7026 restored the acquired radiation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gemcitabine, a nucleoside analogue for treating lung cancer, is clinically administered as an intravenous infusion. To achieve better patient compliance and more direct effect on the lung, we explored a new gemcitabine pulmonary delivery route and evaluated the pharmacokinetics and acute lung injury aspects in animals. Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats after intravenous (i.v.), intratracheal instillation by tracheotomy (i.t.t.), intratracheal instillation via orotrachea (i.t.o.), and intragastric (i.g.) administration of gemcitabine. Acute lung injury effects of the pulmonary delivery of gemcitabine were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats after i.t.o. and i.v. administration of gemcitabine and i.t.o. administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a positive control and physiological saline as a blank control. Indicators for acute lung injury that were evaluated included lung morphology, lung histopathology, lung coefficient, lung wet/dry weight ratio, total cell and classification counts in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC), and total protein and TNF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). After i.t.t. or i.t.o. administration, gemcitabine was quickly absorbed, but i.g. administration led to an undetectable plasma gemcitabine concentration. Absolute bioavailability of gemcitabine after i.t.t. and i.t.o. administration was 91% and 65%, respectively. Gemcitabine given as i.t.o. administration did not cause any overt acute lung injury. All indicators for acute lung injury in the i.t.o. group were similar to those in the i.v. group or in the blank control, but significantly different from those in the positive control. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics and acute lung injury studies suggest that pulmonary gemcitabine delivery would be a new and promising administration route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]