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Heart failure is a complex cardiovascular condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to a cascade of physiological changes. Predicting survival in heart failure patients is crucial for optimizing patient care and resource allocation. This research aims to develop a robust survival prediction model for heart failure patients using advanced machine learning techniques. We analyzed data from 299 hospitalized heart failure patients, addressing the issue of imbalanced data with the Synthetic Minority Oversampling (SMOTE) method. Additionally, we proposed a novel transfer learning-based feature engineering approach that generates a new probabilistic feature set from patient data using ensemble trees. Nine fine-tuned machine learning models are built and compared to evaluate performance in patient survival prediction. Our novel transfer learning mechanism applied to the random forest model outperformed other models and state-of-the-art studies, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 0.975. All models underwent evaluation using 10-fold cross-validation and tuning through hyperparameter optimization. The findings of this study have the potential to advance the field of cardiovascular medicine by providing more accurate and personalized prognostic assessments for individuals with heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous advancements in various fields, including pattern recognition and image classification, have been made thanks to modern computer vision and machine learning methods. The capsule network is one of the advanced machine learning algorithms that encodes features based on their hierarchical relationships. Basically, a capsule network is a type of neural network that performs inverse graphics to represent the object in different parts and view the existing relationship between these parts, unlike CNNs, which lose most of the evidence related to spatial location and requires lots of training data. So, we present a comparative review of various capsule network architectures used in various applications. The paper's main contribution is that it summarizes and explains the significant current published capsule network architectures with their advantages, limitations, modifications, and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the previous challenges and to mitigate the retransmission and acknowledgment of LoRa for electric shelf labels, the data parallelism model is used for transmitting the concurrent data from the network server to end devices (EDs) through gateways (GWs). The EDs are designated around the GWs based on machine clustering to minimize data congestion, collision, and overlapping during signal reception. Deployment and redeployment of EDs in the defined clusters depend on arithmetic distribution to reduce the near-far effect and the overall saturation in the network. To further improve the performance and analyze the behavior of the network, constant uplink power for signal-to-noise (SNR) while dynamic for received signal strength (RSS) has been proposed. In contrast to SNR, the RSS indicator estimates the actual position of the ED to prevent the capture effect. In the experimental implementation, downlink power at the connected EDs in the clusters illustrates higher values than the defined threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic nose is an instrument equipped with chemical gas sensors and is used to sense, identify, and measure different odors. The problem arises when these sensors incorporate drift by the passage of time. The effect of drift is so adverse that the pattern recognition algorithms used for identification and measurement of odors fail to respond accurately. To overcome the challenge of drift in sensors, one of the most widely used techniques is system re-calibration, which is a cumbersome process. Keeping in mind the challenges of drift and issues of system re-calibration for real-life applications, this paper proposes a novel method to compensate drift in gas sensors with the following contributions: 1) the fitness function of a recursive metaheuristic optimization method is modified by embedding random forests learning for the quantification of six different gases under drift; 2) the proposed approach is able to compensate the long-term sensors drift without requiring any system re-calibration; and 3) the feature vector exploitation using particle swarm optimization reduces the computational complexity and increases the prediction accuracy of the system. A comparison is provided with different state-of-the-art approaches, and the proposed approach is found better in terms of prediction accuracy when tested on a benchmark dataset publically available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive performance of Machine Learning (ML) models rely on the quality of data used for training the models. However, if the training data is not balanced among different classes, the performance of ML models deteriorate heavily. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature to add some semblance of balance to the data sets by adding artificial data points. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE) and Adaptive Synthetic Sampling(ADASYN) are some of the commonly used techniques to deal with class imbalance. However, these approaches are prone to 'within class imbalance' and 'small disjunct problem'. To overcome these problems, this article proposes an advanced algorithm by studying the compactness and location of the minority class relative to other classes. The proposed technique called K-Nearest Neighbor OveRsampling approach (KNNOR) performs a three step process to identify the critical and safe areas for augmentation and generate synthetic data points of the minority class. The relative density of the entire population is considered while generating artificial points. This enables the proposed KNNOR approach to oversample the minority class more reliably and at the same time stay resilient against noise. The proposed method is compared with the ten top performing contemporary oversamplers by testing the accuracy of classifiers trained on augmented data provided by each oversampler. The experimental results on several common imbalanced datasets show that our method ranks first more consistently than the other state-of-art oversamplers. The proposed method is easy to use and has been made open source as a python library. • A novel idea to characterize the compactness of imbalanced datasets. • Utilize each minority datapoint and its k-nearest neighbors while generating an artificial data point. • Ensure that noise and outliers can be ignored effectively. • Code has been made available as a python library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]