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This study investigates the effects of power broadening on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) magnetometers. As the laser power increases, the interference between two partially resolved transitions of 87Rb induced by velocity-changing collisions can be exacerbated by power broadening, resulting in a reduction of the rotation rate, and the shift of the optimal laser frequency corresponding to the maximum rotation rate. The theoretical model of NMOR is established using a four-level double Λ scheme, which takes into account power broadening effects, and experimentally studied in a single-beam NMOR magnetometer with a buffer-gas filled cell. The results indicate that the significant enhancement in rotation rate can be achieved by tuning the laser frequency to the optimal detuning based on our model. This study holds considerable importance for the improvement of magnetic field sensitivity in NMOR magnetometers. [Display omitted] • Introducing the power broadening into the four-level double Λ system for modeling NMOR. • Revealing that power broadening exacerbating the interference between two partially resolved transitions. • The dependence of the laser frequency in NMOR on laser power was reported for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a dual-axis atomic spin comagnetometer for rotation sensing using a single laser beam. A circularly polarized laser is used to pump the co-located atomic ensembles of alkali metal and noble gas and probe their gyroscopic precession at the same time, which is different from the traditional two-beam orthogonal pump-probe configuration. Combined with magnetic field modulations perpendicular to the laser propagating direction, the comagnetometer could measure dual-axis rotation rates simultaneously. This system is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. A rotation sensitivity of 5.1 × 10–7 rad s−1 Hz−1∕2 and a bias instability of 0.016 °/h have been achieved. The theory and method presented here shed light on the way to miniaturize the comagnetometer with high precision for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]