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In an actual structure, the arrangement of steel bars is complicated, there are many factors affecting the corrosion of steel bars, and these factors affect each other. However, accurately reflecting the corrosion of steel bars in actual engineering through theoretical calculations is difficult. Besides, it is impossible to detect and evaluate steel bars rust completely and accurately. This article is based on spontaneous magnetic leakage detection technology and adopts the method of stage corrosion and scanning along the reinforcing bar. Based on spontaneous magnetic flux leakage detection technology, the linear change rate of the tangential component curve of the magnetic flux leakage signal generated after the corrosion of a steel bar is studied, and a comparison is made between the steel bar coated concrete samples with different steel bar diameters. In this paper, the "origin of magnetic flux leakage signal" is defined as a reference point, which is convenient for effectively comparing the magnetic signal curves under all operating conditions. Besides, the "rust-magnetic fluctuation parameter" is proposed to accurately reflect the sudden change of leakage magnetic field caused by disconnection due to the corrosion of a steel bar. A new data processing method is provided for the non-destructive testing of steel corrosion using the spontaneous magnetic flux leakage effect, which can effectively reduce the influence of steel bar diameter on magnetic flux leakage signal and improve the precision of non-destructive testing technology of steel bar corrosion using the metal magnetic memory effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]