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Purpose: This study aimed to detect supratentorial cortical and subcortical morphological changes in pediatric patients with infratentorial tumors., Methods: The study included 24 patients aged 4-18 years who were diagnosed with primary infratentorial tumors and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Synthetic magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo images of brain magnetic resonance imaging were generated using deep learning algorithms applied to T2-axial images. The cortical thickness, surface area, volume, and local gyrification index (LGI), as well as subcortical gray matter volumes, were automatically calculated. Surface-based morphometry parameters for the patient and control groups were compared using the general linear model, and volumes between subcortical structures were compared using the t-test and Mann-Whitney U test., Results: In the patient group, cortical thinning was observed in the left supramarginal, and cortical thickening was observed in the left caudal middle frontal (CMF), left fusiform, left lateral orbitofrontal, left lingual gyrus, right CMF, right posterior cingulate, and right superior frontal ( P < 0.050). The patient group showed a volume reduction in the pars triangularis, paracentral, precentral, and supramarginal gyri of the left hemisphere ( P < 0.05). A decreased surface area was observed in the bilateral superior frontal and cingulate gyri ( P < 0.05). The patient group exhibited a decreased LGI in the right precentral and superior temporal gyri, left supramarginal, and posterior cingulate gyri and showed an increased volume in the bilateral caudate nucleus and hippocampus, while a volume reduction was observed in the bilateral putamen, pallidum, and amygdala ( P < 0.05). The ventricular volume and tumor volume showed a positive correlation with the cortical thickness in the bilateral CMF while demonstrating a negative correlation with areas exhibiting a decreased LGI ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Posterior fossa tumors lead to widespread morphological changes in cortical structures, with the most prominent pattern being hypogyria., Clinical Significance: This study illuminates the neurological impacts of infratentorial tumors in children, providing a foundation for future therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating these adverse cortical and subcortical changes and improving patient outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to devise a new brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scoring system based on the Loes and modified Loes scores in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. Materials and Methods: The brain MRI scans of patients with late diagnosed PKU were evaluated retrospectively. Patients’ age at diagnosis, age at which diet started, age at MRI, and, blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels at the time point closest to the MRI were recorded. Results: Eleven patients aged from 3 to 28 years were included in the study. The median MRI involvement score was 17 (interquartile range = 3). The most involved white matter areas were the parietooccipital areas. There was a significant (P = .046) correlation between the blood Phe level at the timepoint closest to the imaging and the MRI involvement score. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into the MRI findings and scoring system in PKU patients. We have developed a scoring system based on the widely used Loes and modified Loes scoring systems that can be implemented in clinical practice. Also, our study contributes to the long-forgotten and largely abandoned area-imaging findings in late diagnosed and untreated PKU patients and set the stage for the future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Accurate estimation of kidney size and volume in the solitary functioning kidney is crucial because of a higher risk of developing kidney injury. MRI is an accurate method and is suitable for kidney volume measurement. Usually, axial axis images and measurement methods are preferred for kidney volume measurements. However, the anteroposterior diameter of the kidney is smaller than the longitudinal diameter, meaning that imaging in the coronal axis could provide needed information in a shorter time, enabling imaging of younger patients without sedation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare coronal and axial axis kidney volume measurement methods and evaluate intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Methods: Axial axis T2W and coronal axis FIESTA images of kidneys were obtained with 10 mm slice thickness and no slice gap in pediatric patients with congenital solitary kidneys. Free-hand manual tracing was used to calculate volumes in both methods. Images were analyzed by two operators with different levels of experience. The expert operator computed solitary kidney volume twice in both methods for the intra-observer reliability, while the beginner operator's measurements were used for the inter-observer reliability. Results: High intra-observer (0.965 for axial and 0.972 for coronal) and inter-observer reliability were revealed (0.964 for axial and 0.963 for the coronal) for both measurement methods. Conclusion: The coronal plane volume measurement method, which has a significantly shorter examination and post-processing time, is a highly reproducible and reliable method that can enable volume measurement with MRI in younger children, as the imaging time will be shortened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]