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We report on the case of two toddlers who presented in the last 2 years with heart and vascular murmur, respectively, and in whom the diagnosis of paraspinal arterio-venous fistula was made. Paraspinal arterio-venous fistulae in children are extremely rare congenital or post-traumatic vascular malformations. In the rare case of connection with the spinal venous system, they might affect spinal vascularization due to potential venous congestion. Interventional embolization rather than surgery is the treatment of choice for such lesions. Up to now, there is no consensus about the indication of prophylactic closure of asymptomatic fistulae. However, close clinical follow-up with repeated spinal magnetic resonance imaging to exclude venous congestion is mandatory for young asymptomatic patients until treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a 3.5-month-old boy with polysplenia syndrome who demonstrated hemiazygos continuation of the inferior vena cava, extrahepatic biliary atresia, multiple splenunculi, bowel malrotation, and the rare finding of brainstem and cerebellar hypoplasia. A possible pathogenesis for cerebellar hypoplasia in this syndrome is suggested after review of the literature. The importance of seeking associated anomalies in biliary atresia, which may be possible indicators of polysplenia syndrome, is stressed since these patients need appropriate management when surgery is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma is a rare, highly malignant neoplasm of the liver, mostly affecting children in their late childhood. We present a case of a 5-year-old female with abdominal pain due to an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the right liver lobe and correlate the radiological findings from US, CT and MRI with pathology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]