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Transverse flux machines are made up of armature coils wound in a circular direction and surrounded by armature cores. This configuration enables machines to be designed for multi‐pole structures while maintaining a simple coil geometry regardless of the pole count. As a result, these machines generate more torque and power density than most of the machines with windings wound around teeth and inserted into slots. However, transverse flux machines continue to face manufacturing difficulties because a large number of relatively small permanent magnets are required. Thus, a permanent magnet transverse flux generator (PMTFG) is designed with half the magnets on the rotor in comparison with a regular design while generating 18% better power density at the same size and excitation conditions. After proper parameter selection, the electromagnetic performance of the design is examined, and the viability of the design is verified using a three‐dimensional finite‐element model (FEM). Further analyses were carried out to examine the effect of stator core material and air gap length on the performance of PMTFG. Furthermore, a prototype of the proposed topology is built, which validates the performance obtained through FEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a miniature tubular moving magnet linear oscillating actuator (MT‐MMLOA) that operates on an electro dynamic actuation mechanism. The proposed linear oscillating actuator comprises two main parts: the stator and the mover. In this topology, the stator assembly is composed of a modular C‐core structure along with a separator to prevent flux cancelation, and the mover assembly accommodates axially magnetised permanent magnets (PMs) that contribute to high thrust force generation and present a less costly actuator compared to the conventional actuator design. The finite element analysis is performed and validated experimentally. Numerous linear oscillating actuator topologies proposed previously in the literature are compared with MT‐MMLOA to analyse the electromagnetic performance. The results show that the motor constant, which is the performance parameter, is significantly increased from the conventional design. The PM volume is reduced, which is cost‐effective. The overall volume of MT‐MMLOA is also reduced due to reduction in the PM volume, which is advantageous for compactness. Consequently, the proposed MT‐MMLOA is simple in structure, less costly, and easy to fabricate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Linear Oscillating Actuator (LOA) generates bi‐directional electromagnetic (EM) force between two extreme points. A new topology of moving magnet LOA with axial magnetised PMs and a C‐shaped stator core is proposed. On each side of the mover, two chamfered tubular‐shaped core material parts are attached. All the design parameters, such as mover mass and EM force of the LOA, are optimised using parametric analysis via parametric sweep, and the optimum values of the parameters are chosen based on design and performance parameters. The LOA's performance is examined for various input loading values and at different oscillation region positions. For various values of time‐dependent supply, the EM force's oscillating nature is analysed. The effect of resonance analysis on input current, stroke to current ratio, and efficiency are discussed. The proposed LOA is compared to current LOA topologies in terms of design structure and performance parameters. The FEM results are validated using a special experimental setup. The proposed LOA produces feasible results for the compressor in a refrigeration system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel linear hybrid excited flux switching permanent magnet machine (LHEFSPMM) with a crooked tooth modular stator. Conventional stators are made up of a pure iron core, which results in high manufacturing costs and increased iron core losses. Using a modular stator lowers the iron volume by up to 18% compared to a conventional stator, which minimizes the core losses and reduces the machine's overall cost. A crooked angle is introduced to improve the flux linkage between the stator pole and the mover slot. Ferrite magnets are used with parallel magnetization to reduce the cost of the machine. Two-dimensional FEA is performed to analyze and evaluate various performance parameters of the proposed machine. Geometric optimization is used to optimize the split ratio (S.R) and winding slot area ( S l o t a r e a ). Genetic algorithm (GA) is applied and is used to optimize stator tooth width ( S T W ), space between the modules (SS), crooked angle (α), and starting angle (θ). The proposed model has a high thrust density (306.61 kN/m3), lower detent force (8.4 N), and a simpler design with higher efficiency (86%). The linear modular structure makes it a good candidate for railway transportation and electric trains. Thermal analysis of the machine is performed by FEA and then the results are validated by an LPMEC model. Overall, a very good agreement is observed between both the analyses, and relative percentage error of less than 3% is achieved, which is considerable since the FEA is in 3D while 2D temperature flow is considered in the LPMEC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome energy crises, attention is being paid to saving energy from household appliances. Traditional compressors are in need of being replaced by efficient linear compressors. This paper presents a new tubular moving magnet linear oscillating actuator (TMM-LOA) for compressor application. The proposed topology utilizes outer mover topology with separators between the mover and stator modules. The number of stator and mover modules can be increased or decreased based on the requirement. The addition of a separator avoids the flux cancellation and makes the proposed topology fault-tolerant. The design variables are optimized by using a parametric sweep, and the performance in terms of thrust force is observed. Both the static and transient analyses were performed to analyze the machine performance at various currents and stroke. Both mechanical and electrical resonance phenomena are discussed. The efficiency of the proposed TMM-LOA is calculated for one, two and three modules. Finally, the proposed topology is compared with other topologies proposed in the literature to show the superiority of the proposed design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear hybrid excited flux switching machines (LHEFSM) combine the features of permanent magnet flux switching machines (PMFSM) and field excited flux switching machines (FEFSM). Because of the widespread usage of rare-earth PM materials, their costs are steadily rising. This study proposes an LHEFSM, a dual stator LHEFSM (DSLHEFSM), and a dual mover LHEFSM (DMLHEFSM) to solve this issue. The employment of ferrite magnets rather than rare-earth PM in these suggested designs is significant. Compared to traditional designs, the proposed designs feature greater thrust force, power density, reduced normal force, and a 25% decrease in PM volume. A yokeless primary structure was used in a DSLHEFSM to minimize the volume of the mover, increasing the thrust force density. In DMLHELFSM, on the other hand, a yokeless secondary structure was used to lower the secondary volume and the machine's total cost. Single variable optimization was used to optimize all of the proposed designs. By completing a 3D study, the electromagnetic performances acquired from the 2D analysis were confirmed. Compared to conventional designs, the average thrust force in LHEFSM, DSLHEFSM, and DMLHEFSM was enhanced by 15%, 16.8%, and 15.6%, respectively. Overall, the presented machines had a high thrust force density, a high-power density, a high no-load electromotive force, and a low normal force, allowing them to be used in long-stroke applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Hybrid Excited Double-Sided Linear Flux Switching Machine (HEDSLFSM) with a crooked tooth modular stator. Generally, the conventional stators are made of a full-length iron core, increasing manufacturing costs and iron losses. Higher iron losses result in lower efficiency and lower overall performance. A U-shaped modular stator with a crooked tooth is used to lower iron consumption and increase the machine's efficiency. Ferrite magnets are used to replace rare earth magnets, which also reduces the machine cost. Two DC excitation windings are used above and below the ferrite magnet to reduce the PM volume. 2D electromagnetic performance analysis is done to observe the key performance indices. Geometric optimization is used to optimize the Split Ratio (S.R), DC winding slot area (DCw), and AC winding slot area (ACw). Stator Tooth Width (STW), space between the modules (S.S.), and crooked angle (α) are optimized through JMAG in-built Genetic Algorithm (G.A.) optimization. High thrust force density and modular stator make it a good candidate for long-stroke applications like railway transits. The thermal analysis of the machine is performed by FEA analysis and then validated by 2D LPMC (Lumped Parametric Magnetic Equivalent Circuit) model. Both analyses are compared, and an error percentage of less than 4% is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]