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We have studied the ultrafast magnon dynamics in an antiferromagnetic 3d-transition-metal monoxide, nickel oxide (NiO), using optical pump-probe spectroscopy and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). THz damped magnon oscillations were observed in the Faraday rotation signal and in the transmitted THz electric field via optical pump-probe spectroscopy and THz-TDS, respectively. The magnon signals were observed in both the optical pump-probe spectroscopy and THz-TDS experiments, which shows that both Raman- and infrared-active modes are included in the NiO magnon modes. The magnon relaxation rate observed using THz-TDS was found to be almost constant up to the Néel temperature T (= 523 K) and to increase abruptly near that temperature. This shows that temperature-independent spin-spin relaxation dominates up to T . In our experiment, softening of the magnon frequency near T was clearly observed. This result shows that the optical pump-probe spectroscopy and THz-TDS have high frequency resolution and a high signal to noise ratio in the THz region. We discuss the observed temperature dependence of the magnon frequencies using three different molecular field theories. The experimental results suggest that the biquadratic contribution of the exchange interaction plays an important role in the temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization and the magnon frequency in cubic antiferromagnetic oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We observed antiferromagnetic magnons in manganese oxide (MnO) using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) frequency shows the behavior of a first-order phase transition near the Néel temperature (116 K). The temperature dependence of the AFMR frequency is explained well by a molecular field approximation including biquadratic exchange. It was found that the relaxation rate of the AFMR signal shows an abrupt increase near the Néel temperature, where the antiferromagnetic long-range order disappears. The change $\Delta n$ in refractive index was obtained from the peak shift in the THz electric field. The temperature dependence of $\Delta n$ can be explained by the lattice and magnetostrictive contributions to this refractive index change. The measurement of refractive index by THz-TDS is very useful for optically opaque materials such as MnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast lattice and spin dynamics in an antiferromagnet NiO were studied via reflection and transmission experiments using polarization spectroscopy along with the pump-probe technique. The damped oscillations observed in the reflection experiment are not of spin origin but can be attributed to an interference effect caused by the probe pulse reflected by a propagating wave packet of acoustic phonons. Terahertz oscillations of coherent magnons were observed in the transmission experiment. Three antiferromagnetic modes were observed at low temperatures. As the temperature increases, the two higher modes degenerate above ˜250 Κ and then soften toward the Néel temperature (523 K). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]