42 results on '"Derra A"'
Search Results
2. Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Tahita, Marc Christian, Ilboudo, Hamidou, Rouamba, Toussaint, Derra, Karim, Tougri, Gauthier, Ouédraogo, Florence, Konseibo, Béatrice Marie Adélaïde, Roamba, Eli, Otienoburu, Sabina Dahlström, Kaboré, Bérenger, Kennon, Kalynn, Ouédraogo, Kadija, Zongo, Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Raïssa, Bocoum, Fadima Yaya, Stepniewska, Kasia, Dhorda, Mehul, Guérin, Philippe J., and Tinto, Halidou
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Marc Christian Tahita, Hamidou Ilboudo, Toussaint Rouamba, Karim Derra, Gauthier Tougri, Florence Ouédraogo, Béatrice Marie Adélaïde Konseibo, Eli Roamba, Sabina Dahlström Otienoburu, Bérenger Kaboré, Kalynn Kennon, Kadija Ouédraogo, Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Raïssa Zongo, Fadima Yaya Bocoum, Kasia Stepniewska, Mehul Dhorda, Philippe J. Guérin, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Malaria ,Chemoprevention ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Africa ,Burkina Faso ,Amodiaquine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. Methods This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3–59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. Conclusion The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Determinants of Plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection and genetic diversity in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Karim Derra, Toussaint Rouamba, Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Paul Taconet, Adama Kazienga, Hamidou Ilboudo, Marc Christian Tahita, Innocent Valéa, Hermann Sorgho, Thierry Lefèvre, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Malaria ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Multiplicity of infection ,msp1 ,msp2 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Investigating malaria transmission dynamics is essential to inform policy decision making. Whether multiplicity of infection (MOI) dynamic from individual infections could be a reliable malaria metric in high transmission settings with marked variation in seasons of malaria transmission has been poorly assessed. This study aimed at investigating factors driving Plasmodium falciparum MOI and genetic diversity in a hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso. Methods Blood samples collected from a pharmacovigilance trial were used for polymerase chain reaction genotyping of the merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2. MOI was defined as the number of distinct parasite genotypes co-existing within a particular infection. Monthly rainfall data were obtained from satellite data of the Global Precipitation Measurement Database while monthly malaria incidence aggregated data were extracted from District Health Information Software 2 medical data of the Center-West health regional direction. Results In the study area, infected people harboured an average of 2.732 (± 0.056) different parasite genotypes. A significant correlation between the monthly MOI and the monthly malaria incidence was observed, suggesting that MOI could be a good predictor of transmission intensity. A strong effect of season on MOI was observed, with infected patients harbouring higher number of parasite genotypes during the rainy season as compared to the dry season. There was a negative relationship between MOI and host age. In addition, MOI decreased with increasing parasite densities, suggesting that there was a within-host competition among co-infecting genetically distinct P. falciparum variants. Each allelic family of the msp1 and msp2 genes was present all year round with no significant monthly fluctuation. Conclusions In high malaria endemic settings with marked variation in seasons of malaria transmission, MOI represents an appropriate malaria metric which provides useful information about the longitudinal changes in malaria transmission in a given area. Besides transmission season, patient age and parasite density are important factors to consider for better understanding of variations in MOI. All allelic families of msp1 and msp2 genes were found in both dry and rainy season. The approach offers the opportunity of translating genotyping data into relevant epidemiological information for malaria control.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Optimal Approach and Strategies to Strengthen Pharmacovigilance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cohort Study of Patients Treated with First-Line Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in the Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Rouamba T, Sondo P, Derra K, Nakanabo-Diallo S, Bihoun B, Rouamba E, Tarnagda Z, Kazienga A, Valea I, Sorgho H, Pagnoni F, Samadoulougou-Kirakoya F, and Tinto H
- Subjects
hdss ,artemisinin-based combinations therapies ,safety ,pregnancy ,malaria ,rural ,burkina faso ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Toussaint Rouamba,1,2 Paul Sondo,1 Karim Derra,1 Seydou Nakanabo-Diallo,1,3 Biebo Bihoun,1 Eli Rouamba,1 Zekiba Tarnagda,1 Adama Kazienga,1 Innocent Valea,1 Hermann Sorgho,1 Franco Pagnoni,4 Fati Samadoulougou-Kirakoya,2 Halidou Tinto1 1Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 2Center for Research in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium; 3Department of Clinical Research, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; 4World Health Organization, Geneva, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Toussaint RouambaClinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 42, Avenue Kumda-Yonre, 11 BP 218 Ouaga CMS 11, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoTel +226 6665 3204Email rouambatoussaint@gmail.comBackground and purpose: Resource-limited countries face challenges in setting up effective pharmacovigilance systems. This study aimed to monitor the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), identify potential drivers of reporting suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and monitor AEs among women who were inadvertently exposed to ACTs in the first trimester of pregnancy.Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from May 2010 to July 2012 in Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Burkina Faso. The HDSS area was divided into active and passive surveillance areas to monitor AEs among patients (regardless of age or sex) who received a first-line ACT (artemether–lumefantrine or artesunate–amodiaquine). In the active surveillance area, patients were followed up for 28 days, while in the passive surveillance area, patients were encouraged to return voluntarily to the health facility to report any occurrence of AEs until day 28 after drug intake. We assessed the crude incidence rates of AEs in both cohorts and performed Cox regression with mixed random effects to identify potential drivers of ADR occurrence.Results: In total, 3170 participants were included in the study. Of these, 40.3% had reported at least one AE, with 39.6% and 44.4% from active and passive surveillance groups, respectively. The types of ADRs were similar in both groups. The most frequent reported ADRs were anorexia, weakness, cough, dizziness and pruritus. One case of abortion and eight cases of death were reported, but none of them was related to the ACT. The variance in random factors showed a high variability of ADR occurrence between patients in both groups, whereas variability between health facilities was low in the active surveillance group and high in passive surveillance group. Taking more than two concomitant medications was associated with high hazard in ADR occurrence, whereas the rainy season was associated with low hazard.Conclusion: This study showed that both passive and active surveillance approaches were useful tools. The HDSS allowed us to capture a few cases of exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy. The passive surveillance approach, which is more likely to be implemented by malaria control programs, seems to be more relevant in the Sub-Saharan African context.Keywords: HDSS, artemisinin-based combination therapies, safety, pregnancy, malaria, rural, Burkina Faso
- Published
- 2020
6. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in symptomatic patients shows significant association with genetically diverse infections, anaemia, and asexual stage density
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Bihoun, Biebo, Tahita, Marc Christian, Derra, Karim, Rouamba, Toussaint, Nakanabo Diallo, Seydou, Kazienga, Adama, Ilboudo, Hamidou, Valea, Innocent, Tarnagda, Zekiba, Sorgho, Hermann, Lefèvre, Thierry, and Tinto, Halidou
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Assessment of a combined strategy of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and supplementation with vitamin A, zinc and Plumpy’Doz™ to prevent malaria and malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open-label trial (SMC-NUT)
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Tahita, Marc Christian, Rouamba, Toussaint, Derra, Karim, Kaboré, Bérenger, Compaoré, Cheick Saïd, Ouédraogo, Florence, Rouamba, Eli, Ilboudo, Hamidou, Bambara, Estelle Aïssa, Nana, Macaire, Sawadogo, Edmond Yabré, Sorgho, Hermann, Somé, Athanase Mwinessobaonfou, Valéa, Innocent, Dahal, Prabin, Traoré/Coulibaly, Maminata, and Tinto, Halidou
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with malaria hotspots in the Nanoro demographic surveillance area, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Toussaint Rouamba, Seydou Nakanabo-Diallo, Karim Derra, Eli Rouamba, Adama Kazienga, Yasuko Inoue, Ernest K. Ouédraogo, Moussa Waongo, Sokhna Dieng, Abdoulaye Guindo, Boukary Ouédraogo, Kankoé Lévi Sallah, Seydou Barro, Pascal Yaka, Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Halidou Tinto, and Jean Gaudart
- Subjects
Malaria ,Hotspots ,Spatial epidemiology ,Socioeconomic status ,Meteorological factors ,Spatio-temporal analysis ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background With limited resources and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of malaria in developing countries, it is still difficult to assess the real impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors in order to set up targeted campaigns against malaria at an accurate scale. Our goal was to detect malaria hotspots in rural area and assess the extent to which household socioeconomic status and meteorological recordings may explain the occurrence and evolution of these hotspots. Methods Data on malaria cases from 2010 to 2014 and on socioeconomic and meteorological factors were acquired from four health facilities within the Nanoro demographic surveillance area. Statistical cross correlation was used to quantify the temporal association between weekly malaria incidence and meteorological factors. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed and restricted to each transmission period using Kulldorff’s elliptic spatial scan statistic. Univariate and multivariable analysis were used to assess the principal socioeconomic and meteorological determinants of malaria hotspots using a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach. Results Rainfall and temperature were positively and significantly associated with malaria incidence, with a lag time of 9 and 14 weeks, respectively. Spatial analysis showed a spatial autocorrelation of malaria incidence and significant hotspots which was relatively stable throughout the study period. Furthermore, low socioeconomic status households were strongly associated with malaria hotspots (aOR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.40). Conclusion These fine-scale findings highlight a relatively stable spatio-temporal pattern of malaria risk and indicate that social and environmental factors play an important role in malaria incidence. Integrating data on these factors into existing malaria struggle tools would help in the development of sustainable bottleneck strategies adapted to the local context for malaria control.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Determinants of Plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection and genetic diversity in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Derra, Karim, Rouamba, Toussaint, Nakanabo Diallo, Seydou, Taconet, Paul, Kazienga, Adama, Ilboudo, Hamidou, Tahita, Marc Christian, Valéa, Innocent, Sorgho, Hermann, Lefèvre, Thierry, and Tinto, Halidou
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with malaria hotspots in the Nanoro demographic surveillance area, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Rouamba, Toussaint, Nakanabo-Diallo, Seydou, Derra, Karim, Rouamba, Eli, Kazienga, Adama, Inoue, Yasuko, Ouédraogo, Ernest K., Waongo, Moussa, Dieng, Sokhna, Guindo, Abdoulaye, Ouédraogo, Boukary, Sallah, Kankoé Lévi, Barro, Seydou, Yaka, Pascal, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Fati, Tinto, Halidou, and Gaudart, Jean
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Baseline malarial and nutritional profile of children under seasonal malaria chemoprevention coverage in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Rouamba, Toussaint, Tahita, Marc Christian, Derra, Karim, Kabore, Berenger, Tibiri, Yssimini Nadège Guillène, Kabore, Hyacinthe Abd-El Latif Faïçal, Hien, So-vii Franck, Ouedraogo, Florence, Kazienga, Adama, Ilboudo, Hamidou, Rouamba, Eli, Lefevre, Thiery, and Tinto, Halidou
- Subjects
MALNUTRITION in children ,RAPID diagnostic tests ,CHEMOPREVENTION ,MALARIA ,ARM circumference ,BODY temperature - Abstract
Seasonal Malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is one of the large-scale life-saving malaria interventions initially recommended for the Sahel subregion, including Burkina Faso and recently extended to other parts of Africa. Initially, SMC was restricted to children 3 to 59 months old, but an extension to older children in some locations was recently recommended. Further characterization of SMC population profile beyond age criterion is necessary for understanding factors that could negatively impact the effectiveness of the intervention and to define complementary measures that could enhance its impact. Children were assessed through a cross-sectional survey during the first month of the 2020 SMC campaign (July-August 2020) as part of the SMC-NUT project in the health district of Nanoro. Parameters such as body temperature, weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were assessed. In addition, blood sample was collected for malaria diagnosis by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy, and for haemoglobin measurement. A total of 1059 children were enrolled. RDT positivity rate (RPR) was 22.2%, while microscopy positivity rate (MPR) was 10.4%, with parasitaemia levels ranging from 40 to 70480/μL. RPR and MPR increased as patient age increased. Wasting was observed in 7.25% of children under SMC coverage while the prevalence of stunting and underweight was 48.79% and 23.38%, respectively. As the age of the children increased, an improvement in their nutritional status was observed. Finally, undernourished children had higher parasite densities than children with adequate nutritional status. In the health district of Nanoro, children who received Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) were mostly undernourished during the period of SMC delivery, suggesting the need for combining the SMC with synergistic interventions against malnutrition to achieve best impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Assessment of a combined strategy of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and supplementation with vitamin A, zinc and Plumpy’Doz™ to prevent malaria and malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open-label trial (SMC-NUT)
- Author
-
Prabin Dahal, Karim Derra, Eli Rouamba, Maminata Traore, Hamidou Ilboudo, Cheick Saïd Compaoré, Athanase M Some, Macaire Nana, Paul Sondo, Florence Ouedraogo, Berenger Kaboré, Innocent Valea, Halidou Tinto, Coulibaly, Hermann Sorgho, Estelle Aïssa Bambara, Marc Christian Tahita, Toussaint Rouamba, and Edmond Yabré Sawadogo
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,Micronutrient deficiency ,030231 tropical medicine ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Malnutrition in children ,Chemoprevention ,Child Nutrition Disorders ,law.invention ,Plumpy’Doz™ ,Antimalarials ,Study Protocol ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Environmental health ,Burkina Faso ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Vitamin A ,Seasonal chemoprevention ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Malnutrition ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Micronutrient ,Malaria ,Zinc ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Child, Preschool ,Dietary Supplements ,Chemoprophylaxis ,Seasons ,business - Abstract
Background Malaria and malnutrition represent major public health concerns worldwide especially in Sub-Sahara Africa. Despite implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis (SMC), an intervention aimed at reducing malaria incidence among children aged 3–59 months, the burden of malaria and associated mortality among children below age 5 years remains high in Burkina Faso. Malnutrition, in particular micronutrient deficiency, appears to be one of the potential factors that can negatively affect the effectiveness of SMC. Treating micronutrient deficiencies is known to reduce the incidence of malaria in highly prevalent malaria zone such as rural settings. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combined strategy of SMC together with a daily oral nutrients supplement will enhance the immune response and decrease the incidence of malaria and malnutrition among children under SMC coverage. Methods Children (6–59 months) under SMC coverage receiving vitamin A supplementation will be randomly assigned to one of the three study arms (a) SMC + vitamin A alone, (b) SMC + vitamin A + zinc, or (c) SMC + vitamin A + Plumpy’Doz™ using 1:1:1 allocation ratio. After each SMC monthly distribution, children will be visited at home to confirm drug administration and followed-up for 1 year. Anthropometric indicators will be recorded at each visit and blood samples will be collected for microscopy slides, haemoglobin measurement, and spotted onto filter paper for further PCR analyses. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of malaria in each arm. Secondary outcome measures will include mid-upper arm circumference and weight gain from baseline measurements, coverage and compliance to SMC, occurrence of adverse events (AEs), and prevalence of molecular markers of antimalarial resistance comprising Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, and Pfdhps. Discussion This study will demonstrate an integrated strategy of malaria and malnutrition programmes in order to mutualize resources for best impact. By relying on existing strategies, the policy implementation of this joint intervention will be scalable at country and regional levels. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04238845. Registered on 23 January 2020 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04238845
- Published
- 2021
13. Efficacy and immunogenicity of R21/Matrix-M vaccine against clinical malaria after 2 years' follow-up in children in Burkina Faso: a phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Mehreen S Datoo, Hamtandi Magloire Natama, Athanase Somé, Duncan Bellamy, Ousmane Traoré, Toussaint Rouamba, Marc Christian Tahita, N Félix André Ido, Prisca Yameogo, Daniel Valia, Aida Millogo, Florence Ouedraogo, Rachidatou Soma, Seydou Sawadogo, Faizatou Sorgho, Karim Derra, Eli Rouamba, Fernando Ramos-Lopez, Matthew Cairns, Samuel Provstgaard-Morys, Jeremy Aboagye, Alison Lawrie, Rachel Roberts, Innocent Valéa, Hermann Sorgho, Nicola Williams, Gregory Glenn, Louis Fries, Jenny Reimer, Katie J Ewer, Umesh Shaligram, Adrian V S Hill, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Infectious Diseases ,Immunogenicity, Vaccine ,Rabies Vaccines ,Double-Blind Method ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Burkina Faso ,Humans ,Follow-Up Studies ,Malaria - Abstract
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We previously reported the efficacy of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, which reached the WHO-specified goal of 75% or greater efficacy over 12 months in the target population of African children. Here, we report the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy results at 12 months following administration of a booster vaccination.This double-blind phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial was done in children aged 5-17 months in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Eligible children were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive three vaccinations of either 5 μg R21/25 μg Matrix-M, 5 μg R21/50 μg Matrix-M, or a control vaccine (the Rabivax-S rabies vaccine) before the malaria season, with a booster dose 12 months later. Children were eligible for inclusion if written informed consent could be provided by a parent or guardian. Exclusion criteria included any existing clinically significant comorbidity or receipt of other investigational products. A random allocation list was generated by an independent statistician by use of block randomisation with variable block sizes. A research assistant from the University of Oxford, independent of the trial team, prepared sealed envelopes using this list, which was then provided to the study pharmacists to assign participants. All vaccines were prepared by the study pharmacists by use of the same type of syringe, and the contents were covered with an opaque label. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and a potential correlate of efficacy with immunogenicity, measured as anti-NANP antibody titres, were evaluated over 1 year following the first booster vaccination. The population in which the efficacy analyses were done comprised all participants who received the primary series of vaccinations and a booster vaccination. Participants were excluded from the efficacy analysis if they withdrew from the trial within the first 2 weeks of receiving the booster vaccine. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03896724), and is continuing for a further 2 years to assess both the potential value of additional booster vaccine doses and longer-term safety.Between June 2, and July 2, 2020, 409 children returned to receive a booster vaccine. Each child received the same vaccination for the booster as they received in the primary series of vaccinations; 132 participants received 5 μg R21 adjuvanted with 25 μg Matrix-M, 137 received 5 μg R21 adjuvanted with 50 μg Matrix-M, and 140 received the control vaccine. R21/Matrix-M had a favourable safety profile and was well tolerated. Vaccine efficacy remained high in the high adjuvant dose (50 μg) group, similar to previous findings at 1 year after the primary series of vaccinations. Following the booster vaccination, 67 (51%) of 132 children who received R21/Matrix-M with low-dose adjuvant, 54 (39%) of 137 children who received R21/Matrix-M with high-dose adjuvant, and 121 (86%) of 140 children who received the rabies vaccine developed clinical malaria by 12 months. Vaccine efficacy was 71% (95% CI 60 to 78) in the low-dose adjuvant group and 80% (72 to 85) in the high-dose adjuvant group. In the high-dose adjuvant group, vaccine efficacy against multiple episodes of malaria was 78% (95% CI 71 to 83), and 2285 (95% CI 1911 to 2568) cases of malaria were averted per 1000 child-years at risk among vaccinated children in the second year of follow-up. Among these participants, at 28 days following their last R21/Matrix-M vaccination, titres of malaria-specific anti-NANP antibodies correlated positively with protection against malaria in both the first year of follow-up (Spearman's ρ -0·32 [95% CI -0·45 to -0·19]; p=0·0001) and second year of follow-up (-0·20 [-0·34 to -0·06]; p=0·02).A booster dose of R21/Matrix-M at 1 year following the primary three-dose regimen maintained high efficacy against first and multiple episodes of clinical malaria. Furthermore, the booster vaccine induced antibody concentrations that correlated with vaccine efficacy. The trial is ongoing to assess long-term follow-up of these participants and the value of further booster vaccinations.European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 (EDCTP2), Wellcome Trust, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
- Published
- 2022
14. Optimal Approach and Strategies to Strengthen Pharmacovigilance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cohort Study of Patients Treated with First-Line Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in the Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Fati Samadoulougou-Kirakoya, Toussaint Rouamba, Eli Rouamba, Zekiba Tarnagda, Biebo Bihoun, Hermann Sorgho, Seydou Nakanabo-Diallo, Paul Sondo, Karim Derra, Franco Pagnoni, Adama Kazienga, Halidou Tinto, and Innocent Valea
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Abortion ,Cohort Studies ,Pharmacovigilance ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Drug Discovery ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Original Research ,Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles ,Artemisinins ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,pregnancy ,Cohort study ,safety ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,malaria ,Context (language use) ,Antimalarials ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,03 medical and health sciences ,artemisinin-based combination therapies ,Burkina Faso ,HDSS ,medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Pharmacology ,Lumefantrine ,Drug Design, Development and Therapy ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Amodiaquine ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Emergency medicine ,Observational study ,rural ,business ,Malaria - Abstract
Resource-limited countries face challenges in setting up effective pharmacovigilance systems. This study aimed to monitor the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), identify potential drivers of reporting suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and monitor AEs among women who were inadvertently exposed to ACTs in the first trimester of pregnancy., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2020
15. Dynamic of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Karim Derra, Zekiba Tarnagda, Seydou Diallo Nakanabo, Odile Zampa, Adama Kazienga, Innocent Valea, Hermann Sorgho, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo, Tinga Robert Guiguemde, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
malaria ,plasmodium falciparum ,chloroquine resistance ,pfcrt ,Medicine - Abstract
We investigated the evolution of Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after the withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso. A total of 675 clinical isolates collected from October 2010 to September 2012 were successfully genotyped. Single nucleotide polymorphism in Pfcrt(codon 76) gene was analyzed. The prevalence of resistant Pfcrt 76T allele was 20.55%. There was a progressive decrease of the proportion of mutant type pfcrt T76 from 2010 to 2012 (X2=5.508 p=0.0189). Our results suggest a progressive return of the wild type Pfcrt K76 in Burkina Faso but the prevalence of the mutants Pfcrt T76 still remains high.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Boosting the impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) through simultaneous screening and treatment of household members of children receiving SMC in Burkina Faso: a protocol for a randomized open label trial
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Marc Christian Tahita, Hamidou Ilboudo, Toussaint Rouamba, Karim Derra, Gauthier Tougri, Florence Ouédraogo, Béatrice Marie Adélaïde Konseibo, Eli Roamba, Sabina Dahlström Otienoburu, Bérenger Kaboré, Kalynn Kennon, Kadija Ouédraogo, Wend-Timbe-Noma Arlette Raïssa Zongo, Fadima Yaya Bocoum, Kasia Stepniewska, Mehul Dhorda, Philippe J. Guérin, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Study Protocol ,parasitic diseases ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Africa ,Burkina Faso ,Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Amodiaquine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Chemoprevention ,Malaria ,Dihydro artemisinin Piperaquine - Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health concern in sub-Sahara Africa. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is one of the most important preventive interventions. Despite its implementation, the burden of malaria is still very high in children under five years old in Burkina Faso, suggesting that the expected impact of this promising strategy might not be attained. Development of innovative strategies to improve the efficacy of these existing malaria control measures is essential. In such context, we postulate that screening and treatment of malaria in household members of children receiving SMC could greatly improve the impact of SMC intervention and reduce malaria transmission in endemic settings. Methods This randomized superiority trial will be carried out in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso. The unit of randomisation will be the household and all eligible children from a household will be allocated to the same study group. Households with 3–59 months old children will be assigned to either (i) control group (SMC alone) or (ii) intervention (SMC+ screening of household members with standard Histidin Rich Protein Rapid Diagnostic Test (HRP2-RDT) and treatment if positive). The sample size will be 526 isolated households per arm, i.e., around 1052 children under SMC coverage and an expected 1315 household members. Included children will be followed-up for 24 months to fully cover two consecutive malaria transmission seasons and two SMC cycles. Children will be actively followed-up during the malaria transmission seasons while in the dry seasons the follow-up will be passive. Conclusion The study will respond to a major public health concern by providing evidence of the efficacy of an innovative strategy to boost the impact of SMC intervention.
- Published
- 2021
17. Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS)
- Author
-
Navideh Noori, Halidou Tinto, Edward A. Wenger, Innocent Valea, Toussaint Rouamba, Eli Rouamba, Hermann Sorgho, Palwende R. Boua, Karim Derra, Athanase M Some, Assaf P. Oron, André Lin Ouédraogo, and Aminata Welgo
- Subjects
Child mortality ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Burkina Faso ,HDSS ,Health care ,Epidemiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Child ,Demographic surveillance ,Nanoro ,Travel ,business.industry ,Public health ,Spatial analysis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Children under 5 ,Health Facilities ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Biostatistics ,Rural area ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the district had not been studied. Similar studies in other districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk factor, usually without distinction between facility types. Methods Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors. Results Living in homes 40–60 min and > 60 min travel time from an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI: 1.13–2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27–2.40) greater hazard of under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes Conclusions Our results emphasize the importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria.
- Published
- 2021
18. Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Florence Ouedraogo, Reshma Kailath, Amy Flaxman, Andres Noe, Rachidatou Soma, Fernando Ramos Lopez, Katie J. Ewer, Eli Rouamba, Umesh Shaligram, Jenny M. Reimer, Toussaint Rouamba, Federica Cappuccini, Ousmane Traore, Athanase M Some, Prisca Yameogo, Matthew Cairns, M Datoo, Daniel Valia, Benedict O. Orindi, Seydou Sawadogo, Sean C. Elias, Karim Derra, D Bellamy, Faizatou Sorgho, Magloire H Natama, Adrian V. S. Hill, E Mukhopadhyay, Hermann Sorgho, Innocent Valea, Alison M. Lawrie, Moubarak Tegneri, Rachel Roberts, Gregory M. Glenn, Halidou Tinto, Louis Fries, and Nicola Williams
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Protozoan Proteins ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunogenicity, Vaccine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Internal medicine ,Burkina Faso ,Malaria Vaccines ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ,Malaria, Falciparum ,education ,Proportional Hazards Models ,education.field_of_study ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,business.industry ,Malaria vaccine ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Saponins ,Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles ,Vaccine efficacy ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Clinical trial ,Vaccination ,Treatment Outcome ,Nanoparticles ,Female ,business ,Adjuvant - Abstract
Stalled progress in controlling Plasmodium falciparum malaria highlights the need for an effective and deployable vaccine. RTS,S/AS01, the most effective malaria vaccine candidate to date, demonstrated 56% efficacy over 12 months in African children. We therefore assessed a new candidate vaccine for safety and efficacy., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2021
19. Impact and operational feasibility of adding malaria infection screening using an ultrasensitive RDT for placental and fetal outcomes in an area of high IPTP-SP coverage in Burkina Faso: the ASSER MALARIA pilot study protocol.
- Author
-
Tahita, Marc Christian, Sondo, Paul, Kabore, Berenger, Ilboudo, Hamidou, Rouamba, Toussaint, Sanou, Hyacinthe, Ouédraogo, Kadija, Compaoré, Adélaïde, Lompo, Palpouguini, Ouedraogo, Florence, Sawadogo, Seydou, Derra, Karim, Sawadogo, Yabré Edmond, Somé, Athanase M., Nana, Macaire, Sorgho, Hermann, Traore-Coulibaly, Maminata, Bassat, Quique, and Tinto, Halidou
- Subjects
MALARIA ,MEDICAL screening ,INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets ,FETAL growth retardation ,LOW birth weight ,RESEARCH protocols ,ABRUPTIO placentae ,FETAL diseases - Abstract
Background: Malaria infection during pregnancy (MIP) is not only deleterious to the woman, but it also puts her fetus at increased risk of adverse outcomes, such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation. Additionally, all-cause mortality during the first year of life in babies born to women with malaria during pregnancy is also increased. Many interventions such as IPTp-SP and long-lasting insecticidal nets have proven to be efficient at reducing malaria in pregnancy burden but adherence to recommended policies remains poor. In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria in pregnancy is often asymptomatic and many malaria infections may be missed due to the inadequate performance of the current rapid diagnostic test to detect low-level parasitemias. Therefore, additional strategies such as intermittent screening with ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with an effective artemisinin-based combination therapy in addition to IPTp-SP could reduce placental malaria, peripheral malaria infection at delivery, and low birth weight. Methods: This pilot 2-group randomized open trial with a nested qualitative social behavioral will be carried out in Nanoro district in which 340 pregnant women will be recruited. Pregnant women will be randomized into two groups and followed on a monthly basis until delivery. In the intervention group, monthly screening using ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests and treatment of those found to be infected with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine will be performed. In addition, a reminder will be sent to increase the uptake of IPTp-SP doses per woman. During scheduled and unscheduled visits, malaria infection, hemoglobin level, and other clinical outcomes will be assessed and compared by the group. The primary feasibility outcome will evaluate the study site's capacity to enroll participants and the women's perception and acceptability of the intervention. The primary clinical outcome will be the prevalence of placental malaria at delivery. Discussion: The present protocol aims to evaluate the feasibility on a large-scale and also to demonstrate the impact and the operational feasibility of additional screening with ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with DHA-PQ on placental malaria, low birth weight, and peripheral malaria infection at delivery in a high-burden setting in Burkina Faso. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04147546 (14 October 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in symptomatic patients shows significant association with genetically diverse infections, anaemia, and asexual stage density
- Author
-
Thierry Lefèvre, Hermann Sorgho, Adama Kazienga, Zekiba Tarnagda, Innocent Valea, Paul Sondo, Marc Christian Tahita, Toussaint Rouamba, Biebo Bihoun, Karim Derra, Halidou Tinto, Hamidou Ilboudo, S. Diallo, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
- Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Plasmodium falciparum ,030231 tropical medicine ,Gametocyte ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Multiplicity of infection ,Burkina Faso ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Allele ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Research ,Anemia ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Carriage ,Parasitology ,msp2 ,msp1 ,Immunology ,Nested polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
Background Multi-genotype malaria infections are frequent in endemic area, and people commonly harbour several genetically distinct Plasmodium falciparum variants. The influence of genetic multiplicity and whether some specific genetic variants are more or less likely to invest into gametocyte production is not clearly understood. This study explored host and parasite-related risk factors for gametocyte carriage, and the extent to which some specific P. falciparum genetic variants are associated with gametocyte carriage. Methods Gametocytes and asexual forms were detected by light microscopy on thick smears collected between 2010 and 2012 in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 were genotyped by nested PCR on clinical samples. Associations between gametocyte carriage and factors, including multiplicity of infection, parasite density, patient age, gender, haemoglobin (Hb) level, and body temperature were assessed. The relationship between the presence of a particular msp1 and msp2 genetic variants and gametocyte carriage was also explored. Results Of the 724 samples positive to P. falciparum and successfully genotyped, gametocytes were found in 48 samples (6.63%). There was no effect of patient gender, age and body temperature on gametocyte carriage. However, the probability of gametocyte carriage significantly increased with increasing values of multiplicity of infection (MOI). Furthermore, there was a negative association between parasite density and gametocyte carriage. MOI decreased with parasite density in gametocyte-negative patients, but increased in gametocyte carriers. The probability of gametocyte carriage decreased with Hb level. Finally, the genetic composition of the infection influenced gametocyte carriage. In particular, the presence of RO33 increased the odds of developing gametocytes by 2 while the other allelic families K1, MAD20, FC27, and 3D7 had no significant impact on the occurrence of gametocytes in infected patients. Conclusion This study provides insight into potential factors influencing gametocyte production in symptomatic patients. The findings contribute to enhance understanding of risk factors associated with gametocyte carriage in humans. Trial registration NCT01232530.
- Published
- 2021
21. High Efficacy of a Low Dose Candidate Malaria Vaccine, R21 in 1 Adjuvant Matrix-M™, with Seasonal Administration to Children in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Karim Derra, Innocent Valea, Reshma Kailath, Katie J. Ewer, Jenny M. Reimer, Fernando Ramos-Lopez, Moubarak Tegneri, Federica Cappuccini, Benedict O. Orindi, Halidou Tinto, Seydou Sawadogo, Rachel Roberts, Toussaint Rouamba, Hermann Sorgho, Daniel Valia, Gregory M. Glenn, Florence Ouedraogo, D Bellamy, Louis Fries, Eli Rouamba, Faizatou Sorgho, Nicola Williams, Athanase M Some, Matthew Cairns, M Datoo, Amy Flaxman, Ousmane Traore, Adrian V. S. Hill, Sean C. Elias, E Mukhopadhyay, Prisca Yameogo, Umesh Shaligram, Alison M. Lawrie, Andres Noe, Rachidatou Soma, and Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Malaria vaccine ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Vaccine efficacy ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,Clinical trial ,Vaccination ,Rabies vaccine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,business ,Adjuvant ,Malaria ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Stalled progress in controlling Plasmodium falciparum malaria highlights the need for an effective and deployable vaccine. RTS,S/AS01, the most effective malaria vaccine candidate to date, demonstrated 55·8% (97·5% confidence interval [CI], 51-60) efficacy over 12 months in African children. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial of a low-dose circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine, R21, with two different doses of adjuvant, Matrix-M™ (MM), in children aged 5-17 months in Nanoro, Burkina Faso, a highly seasonal malaria transmission setting. Three vaccinations were administered at 4-week intervals prior to the malaria season with a fourth dose one year later. Vaccine safety, immunogenicity and efficacy were evaluated over one year. Findings: 450 children were randomised to receive the R21/MM vaccine or a control rabies vaccine. R21/MM had a 43 favourable safety profile and was well-tolerated. At 6 months, 43/146 (29·5%) who received R21/MM with low44 dose adjuvant, 38/146 (26%) who received R21/MM with high-dose adjuvant, and 105/147 (71·4%) who received the rabies vaccine developed clinical malaria. Vaccine efficacy (VE) was 74% (95% CI, 63-82) and 77% (95% CI, 67-84) in the low- and high-dose adjuvant groups, respectively. At 1 year, VE remained high at 77% (95% CI, 67-84) in the high-dose adjuvant group. Participants vaccinated with R21/MM showed high titres of malaria-specific anti-NANP antibodies 28 days after the third vaccination, which were almost doubled with the higher adjuvant dose. Titres waned but were boosted to levels similar to peak titres following the primary series of vaccinations after a fourth dose administered one year later. Interpretation: R21/Matrix-M appears safe and very immunogenic in African children, and demonstrates promising high-level efficacy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03896724. Funding: The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), The Wellcome Trust and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. Declaration of Interest: AVSH and KJE are named as co-inventors on patent applications related to R21. GG, LF, JR and PP-A are employees of Novavax, developers of the Matrix-M adjuvant, and US is an employee of the Serum Institute of India Private Ltd, co-developer of the R21/MM vaccine. Other authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: The trial was approved by the Comite d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Sante, Burkina Faso (CERS, reference number 2019-01-012), and by the national regulatory authority, Agence National de Regulation Pharmaceutique, Burkina Faso (ANRP, reference number 5005420193EC0000). Ethical approval was also granted in the United Kingdom by the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OxTREC reference number 19-19).
- Published
- 2021
22. Red blood cell homeostasis in children and adults with and without asymptomatic malaria infection in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Jan Jacobs, Mike L.T. Berendsen, Quirijn de Mast, Eli Rouamba, Salou Diallo, Annelies Post, Berenger Kaboré, Halidou Tinto, André J. A. M. van der Ven, Palpouguini Lompo, and Karim Derra
- Subjects
Male ,Reticulocytes ,Erythrocytes ,Physiology ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Biochemistry ,Monocytes ,White Blood Cells ,Medical Conditions ,Animal Cells ,Red Blood Cells ,Immune Physiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Homeostasis ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Immune Response ,Asymptomatic Infections ,Protozoans ,Innate Immune System ,Multidisciplinary ,Hematology ,Malarial Parasites ,Eukaryota ,Hemolysis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Erythropoiesis ,Medicine ,Cytokines ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cellular Types ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Science ,Immune Cells ,Immunology ,Bone Marrow Cells ,Reticulocyte production index ,Asymptomatic ,Young Adult ,Signs and Symptoms ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Burkina Faso ,medicine ,Parasitic Diseases ,Humans ,Inflammation ,Blood Cells ,business.industry ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Development ,medicine.disease ,Tropical Diseases ,Parasitic Protozoans ,Malaria ,Red blood cell ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Immune System ,Bone marrow ,Clinical Medicine ,business ,Biomarkers ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Asymptomatic malaria infections may affect red blood cell (RBC) homeostasis. Reports indicate a role for chronic hemolysis and splenomegaly, however, the underlying processes are incompletely understood. New hematology analysers provide parameters for a more comprehensive analysis of RBC hemostasis. Complete blood counts were analysed in subjects from all age groups (n = 1118) living in a malaria hyperendemic area and cytokines and iron biomarkers were also measured. Subjects were divided into age groups ( Trial registration: Prospective diagnostic study: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Explorative cross-sectional field study: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03176719.
- Published
- 2020
23. Determinants of Plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection and genetic diversity in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Innocent Valea, Karim Derra, Paul Taconet, Adama Kazienga, Paul Sondo, Hermann Sorgho, Thierry Lefèvre, Halidou Tinto, Toussaint Rouamba, Hamidou Ilboudo, Marc Christian Tahita, Centre de Recherche en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé (CREES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Wet season ,Veterinary medicine ,Genotype ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Protozoan Proteins ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Parasite Load ,law.invention ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Multiplicity of infection ,law ,Dry season ,Burkina Faso ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Genotyping ,Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ,biology ,Research ,Incidence ,Age Factors ,Genetic Variation ,Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Malaria ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Parasitology ,msp2 ,msp1 ,Seasons - Abstract
Investigating malaria transmission dynamics is essential to inform policy decision making. Whether multiplicity of infection (MOI) dynamic from individual infections could be a reliable malaria metric in high transmission settings with marked variation in seasons of malaria transmission has been poorly assessed. This study aimed at investigating factors driving Plasmodium falciparum MOI and genetic diversity in a hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2020
24. Spatial patterns of child mortality in Nanoro HDSS site, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Hermann Sorgho, Athanase M Some, Eli Rouamba, Karim Derra, Toussaint Rouamba, Edward Allen Wenger, Navideh Noori, André Lin Ouédraogo, Halidou Tinto, Assaf P. Oron, Aminata Welgo, Palwende R. Boua, and Innocent Valea
- Subjects
Wet season ,Child mortality ,business.industry ,Environmental health ,Health care ,medicine ,Psychological intervention ,Risk factor ,medicine.disease ,business ,Demographic surveillance system ,Hazard ,Malaria - Abstract
BackgroundHalf of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Burkina Faso was described previously, but spatial patterns of child mortality in the district had not been studied. Similar studies in other districts indicated accessibility to health facilities as a risk factor, usually without distinction between facility types.MethodsUsing Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated the association between under-5 mortality and accessibility to inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of death, and age group.ResultsLiving in homes 40-60 minutes and >60 minutes travel time from an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI: 1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (1.27-2.40) greater hazard of under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes ConclusionsOur results emphasize the importance of geographical accessibility to health care, and also distinguish between inpatient and outpatient facilities.
- Published
- 2020
25. Genetically diverse Plasmodium falciparum infections, within-host competition and symptomatic malaria in humans
- Author
-
Adama Kazienga, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, Karim Derra, Seydou Diallo-Nakanabo, Tinga Robert Guiguemdé, Odile Zampa, Halidou Tinto, Zekiba Tarnagda, Innocent Valea, Paul Sondo, Thierry Lefèvre, Hermann Sorgho, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Bobo Dioulasso (INSSA), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), and Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Centre Muraz
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Protozoan Proteins ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Biology ,Article ,Competition (biology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Burkina Faso ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Parasite hosting ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Allele ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ,media_common ,Population Density ,Genetics ,Genetic diversity ,Multidisciplinary ,Coinfection ,Host (biology) ,lcsh:R ,Genetic Variation ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Malaria - Abstract
There is a large genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum strains that infect people causing diverse malaria symptoms. This study was carried out to explore the effect of mixed-strain infections and the extent to which some specific P. falciparum variants are associated with particular malaria symptoms. P. falciparum isolates collected during pharmacovigilance study in Nanoro, Burkina Faso were used to determine allelic variation in two polymorphic antigens of the merozoite surface (msp1 and msp2). Overall, parasite density did not increase with additional strains, suggesting the existence of within-host competition. Parasite density was influenced by msp1 allelic families with highest parasitaemia observed in MAD20 allelic family. However, when in mixed infections with allelic family K1, MAD20 could not grow to the same levels as it would alone, suggesting competitive suppression in these mixed infections. Host age was associated with parasite density. Overall, older patients exhibited lower parasite densities than younger patients, but this effect varied with the genetic composition of the isolates for the msp1 gene. There was no effect of msp1 and msp2 allelic family variation on body temperature. Haemoglobin level was influenced by msp2 family with patients harboring the FC27 allele showing lower haemoglobin level than mono-infected individuals by the 3D7 allele. This study provides evidence that P. falciparum genetic diversity influenced the severity of particular malaria symptoms and supports the existence of within-host competition in genetically diverse P. falciparum.
- Published
- 2019
26. Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with malaria hotspots in the Nanoro demographic surveillance area, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Adama Kazienga, Moussa Waongo, Yasuko Inoue, Karim Derra, Ernest K. Ouedraogo, Seydou Barro, Pascal Yaka, Kankoe Sallah, Sokhna Dieng, Halidou Tinto, Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Boukary Ouedraogo, Seydou Nakanabo-Diallo, Eli Rouamba, Abdoulaye Guindo, Toussaint Rouamba, Jean Gaudart, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique [Brussels, Belgium] (Ecole de Santé Publique), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), IRSS ‐ Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS‐CRUN), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Embassy of Japan in the Republic of Guinea [Conakry, Guinea], Direction Générale de la Météorologie [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso], École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali] (MRTC), Université de Bamako, Ministère de la Santé [Burkina Faso], Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), This work (Data analysis and manuscript redaction) has been carried out thanks to the support of the A*MIDEX grant (n°ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the French Government 'Investissements d’Avenir program'). It was also supported by the French NGO Prospective& Cooperation. The main study ‘Pharmacovigilance for artemisinin-based combination treatments in Africa’ was supported WHO/TDR., ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Gaudart, Jean, and INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID
- Subjects
Rural Population ,Meteorological Concepts ,Lag time ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Generalized estimating equation ,2. Zero hunger ,[SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Incidence ,1. No poverty ,Spatial epidemiology ,Malaria -- epidemiology ,Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles ,3. Good health ,Population Surveillance ,Rural Population -- statistics & numerical data ,Socioeconomic status ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Seasons ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Context (language use) ,Spatio-temporal analysis ,Burkina Faso -- epidemiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,Burkina Faso ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,[SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Humans ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Spatial Analysis ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Bottleneck strategies ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Meteorological factors ,Malaria ,Socioeconomic Factors ,13. Climate action ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Hotspots ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Biostatistics ,Rural area ,business - Abstract
With limited resources and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of malaria in developing countries, it is still difficult to assess the real impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors in order to set up targeted campaigns against malaria at an accurate scale. Our goal was to detect malaria hotspots in rural area and assess the extent to which household socioeconomic status and meteorological recordings may explain the occurrence and evolution of these hotspots., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2019
27. Patterns of child mortality in rural area of Burkina Faso: evidence from the Nanoro health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS).
- Author
-
Noori, Navideh, Derra, Karim, Valea, Innocent, Oron, Assaf P., Welgo, Aminata, Rouamba, Toussaint, Boua, Palwende Romuald, Somé, Athanase M., Rouamba, Eli, Wenger, Edward, Sorgho, Hermann, Tinto, Halidou, and Ouédraogo, Andre Lin
- Subjects
- *
CHILD death , *CHILD mortality , *SPATIAL analysis (Statistics) , *MALARIA - Abstract
Background: Half of global child deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding child mortality patterns and risk factors will help inform interventions to reduce this heavy toll. The Nanoro Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Burkina Faso was described previously, but patterns and potential drivers of heterogeneity in child mortality in the district had not been studied. Similar studies in other districts indicated proximity to health facilities as a risk factor, usually without distinction between facility types.Methods: Using Nanoro HDSS data from 2009 to 2013, we estimated the association between under-5 mortality and proximity to inpatient and outpatient health facilities, seasonality of death, age group, and standard demographic risk factors.Results: Living in homes 40-60 min and > 60 min travel time from an inpatient facility was associated with 1.52 (95% CI: 1.13-2.06) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.27-2.40) greater hazard of under-5 mortality, respectively, than living in homes < 20 min from an inpatient facility. No such association was found for outpatient facilities. The wet season (July-November) was associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.53) higher under-5 mortality than the dry season (December-June), likely reflecting the malaria season.Conclusions: Our results emphasize the importance of geographical proximity to health care, distinguish between inpatient and outpatient facilities, and also show a seasonal effect, probably driven by malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Increase in the prevalence of mutations associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected from early to late pregnancy in Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Susana Scott, Esmée Ruizendaal, Karim Derra, Umberto D'Alessandro, Marc Christian Tahita, Petra F. Mens, Menno D. de Jong, Ronald B. Geskus, Halidou Tinto, Henk D. F. H. Schallig, Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly, Palpouguini Lompo, Inge Versteeg, Graduate School, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, APH - Methodology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Epidemiology and Data Science, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, and Other departments
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Resistance ,Drug Resistance ,DHPS ,Drug resistance ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Prevalence ,Longitudinal Studies ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Child ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,3. Good health ,Drug Combinations ,Infectious Diseases ,Pyrimethamine ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Mutations ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Adolescent ,Sulfadoxine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antimalarials ,Young Adult ,Burkina Faso ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,education ,Research ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mutation ,Parasitology ,Malaria - Abstract
Background: Pregnant women are a high-risk group for Plasmodium falciparum infections, which may result in maternal anaemia and low birth weight newborns, among other adverse birth outcomes. Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine during pregnancy (IPTp-SP) is widely implemented to prevent these negative effects of malaria. However, resistance against SP by P. falciparum may decrease efficacy of IPTp-SP. Combinations of point mutations in the dhps (codons A437, K540) and dhfr genes (codons N51, C59, S108) of P. falciparum are associated with SP resistance. In this study the prevalence of SP resistance mutations was determined among P. falciparum found in pregnant women and the general population (GP) from Nanoro, Burkina Faso and the association of IPTp-SP dosing and other variables with mutations was studied.Methods: Blood spots on filter papers were collected from pregnant women at their first antenatal care visit (ANC booking) and at delivery, from an ongoing trial and from the GP in a cross-sectional survey. The dhps and dhfr genes were amplified by nested PCR and products were sequenced to identify mutations conferring resistance (ANC booking, n = 400; delivery, n = 223; GP, n = 400). Prevalence was estimated with generalized estimating equations and for multivariate analyses mixed effects logistic regression was used.Results: The prevalence of the triple dhfr mutation was high, and significantly higher in the GP and at delivery than at ANC booking, but it did not affect birth weight. Furthermore, quintuple mutations (triple dhfr and double dhps mutations) were found for the first time in Burkina Faso. IPTp-SP did not significantly affect the occurrence of any of the mutations, but high transmission season was associated with increased mutation prevalence in delivery samples. It is unclear why the prevalence of mutations was higher in the GP than in pregnant women at ANC booking.Conclusion: The high number of mutants and the presence of quintuple mutants in Burkina Faso confirm concerns about the efficacy of IPTp-SP in the near future. Other drug combinations to tackle malaria in pregnancy should, therefore, be explored. An increase in mutation prevalence due to IPTp-SP dosing could not be confirmed.
- Published
- 2017
29. Red blood cell homeostasis in children and adults with and without asymptomatic malaria infection in Burkina Faso.
- Author
-
Kaboré, Berenger, Post, Annelies, Berendsen, Mike L. T., Diallo, Salou, Lompo, Palpouguini, Derra, Karim, Rouamba, Eli, Jacobs, Jan, Tinto, Halidou, de Mast, Quirijn, and van der Ven, Andre J.
- Subjects
ERYTHROCYTES ,MALARIA ,ADULT-child relationships ,BLOOD cell count ,HOMEOSTASIS ,FERRITIN ,BONE marrow - Abstract
Asymptomatic malaria infections may affect red blood cell (RBC) homeostasis. Reports indicate a role for chronic hemolysis and splenomegaly, however, the underlying processes are incompletely understood. New hematology analysers provide parameters for a more comprehensive analysis of RBC hemostasis. Complete blood counts were analysed in subjects from all age groups (n = 1118) living in a malaria hyperendemic area and cytokines and iron biomarkers were also measured. Subjects were divided into age groups (<2 years, 2–4, 5–14 and ≥15 years old) and clinical categories (smear-negative healthy subjects, asymptomatic malaria and clinical malaria). We found that hemoglobin levels were similar in smear-negative healthy children and asymptomatic malaria children but significantly lower in clinical malaria with a maximum difference of 2.2 g/dl in children <2 years decreasing to 0.1 g/dl in those aged ≥15 years. Delta-He, presenting different hemoglobinization of reticulocytes and RBC, levels were lower in asymptomatic and clinial malaria, indicating a recent effect of malaria on erythropoiesis. Reticulocyte counts and reticulocyte production index (RPI), indicating the erythropoietic capacity of the bone marrow, were higher in young children with malaria compared to smear-negative subjects. A negative correlation between reticulocyte counts and Hb levels was found in asymptomatic malaria (ρ = -0.32, p<0.001) unlike in clinical malaria (ρ = -0.008, p = 0.92). Free-Hb levels, indicating hemolysis, were only higher in clinical malaria. Phagocytozing monocytes, indicating erythophagocytosis, were highest in clinical malaria, followed by asymptomatic malaria and smear-negative subjects. Circulating cytokines and iron biomarkers (hepcidin, ferritin) showed similar patterns. Pro/anti-inflammatory (IL-6/IL-10) ratio was higher in clinical than asymptomatic malaria. Cytokine production capacity of ex-vivo whole blood stimulation with LPS was lower in children with asymptomatic malaria compared to smear-negative healthy children. Bone marrow response can compensate the increased red blood cell loss in asymptomatic malaria, unlike in clinical malaria, possibly because of limited level and length of inflammation. Trial registration: Prospective diagnostic study: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02669823. Explorative cross-sectional field study: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03176719. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women: A two-years observational study in rural Burkina Faso.
- Author
-
Zango, Serge Henri, Lingani, Moussa, Valea, Innocent, Samadoulougou, Ouindpanga Sékou, Bihoun, Biebo, Rouamba, Toussaint, Derra, Karim, Rouamba, Eli, Donnen, Phillipe, Dramaix, Michele, Tinto, Halidou, and Robert, Annie
- Subjects
SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,PREGNANT women ,MALARIA ,PREGNANCY outcomes ,HEALTH facilities ,ACQUISITION of data ,MATERNAL health - Abstract
Background: Malaria and curable sexually transmitted infections (STI) are the most common curable infections known to have a severe impact on pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to assess the marginal and joint prevalence of symptomatic cases of malaria and STI in pregnant women living in rural settings of Burkina Faso and their associated factors, after more than a decade of the introduction of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT-SP). Methods: We carried out an observational study in two health districts in rural Burkina, namely Nanoro and Yako. Routine data were collected during antenatal and delivery visits for all women who delivered in the year 2016 and 2017. Logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with infections. Results: We collected data from 31639 pregnant women attending health facilities. Malaria, curable STI and their coinfections were diagnosed in 7747 (24.5%; 95%CI: 24.0–25.0%), 1269 (4.0%; 95%CI: 3.8–4.2%) and 388 (1.2%; 95%CI: 1.1–1.4%) women, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression, malaria occurrence was significantly higher in pregnant women < 20 years (Adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 2.07–2.69) than in women ≥30 years. The prevalence of curable STI was also significantly higher in students (Adjusted OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.26–2.95) and compensated workers (Adjusted OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01–2.17) than in uncompensated workers. Women who received no IPT-SP had higher prevalence of malaria (Adjusted OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 3.00–3.70), curable STI (Adjusted OR = 1.96 95%CI: 1.60–2.39) and coinfections (Adjusted OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.50–2.95) compared to women who received SP. Conclusion: Malaria and curable STI remain highly prevalent in rural settings of Burkina Faso, with young pregnant women and women who received no IPT-SP being the most affected. Prevention must be reinforced to improve maternal and infant health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Dynamic of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Karim Derra, Innocent Valea, Odile Zampa, Zekiba Tarnagda, Hermann Sorgho, Tinga Robert Guiguemdé, Adama Kazienga, Seydou Diallo Nakanabo, Paul Sondo, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
plasmodium falciparum ,Short Communication ,Mutant ,Drug Resistance ,Protozoan Proteins ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Drug resistance ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,pfcrt ,Antimalarials ,Chloroquine ,parasitic diseases ,Burkina Faso ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Allele ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Malaria, plasmodium falciparum, chloroquine resistance, pfcrt ,lcsh:R5-920 ,biology ,chloroquine resistance ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,fungi ,Wild type ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Plasmodium falciparum ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Malaria ,Mutation ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,geographic locations ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We investigated the evolution of Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after the withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso. A total of 675 clinical isolates collected from October 2010 to September 2012 were successfully genotyped. Single nucleotide polymorphism in Pfcrt (codon 76) gene was analyzed. The prevalence of resistant Pfcrt 76T allele was 20.55%. There was a progressive decrease of the proportion of mutant type pfcrt T76 from 2010 to 2012 (X2=5.508 p=0.0189). Our results suggest a progressive return of the wild type Pfcrt K76 in Burkina Faso but the prevalence of the mutants Pfcrt T76 still remains high.
- Published
- 2015
32. Population-based incidence, seasonality and serotype distribution of invasive salmonellosis among children in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Karim Derra, Jessica Maltha, Céline Schurmans, Issa Guiraud, Johan van Griensven, Halidou Tinto, Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Palpouguini Lompo, Sophie Bertrand, Adama Kazienga, Emmanuel Bottieau, Eli Rouamba, Annelies Post, Christian Marc Tahita, Raffaella Ravinetto, Kamala Thriemer, Benedikt Ley, and Jan Jacobs
- Subjects
Male ,Bacterial Diseases ,0301 basic medicine ,Veterinary medicine ,Salmonella ,Salmonellosis ,Physiology ,Prevalence ,lcsh:Medicine ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Salmonella typhi ,medicine.disease_cause ,Salmonella Typhi ,Geographical locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,Catchment Area, Health ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Blood culture ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,lcsh:Science ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Body Fluids ,Infectious Diseases ,Blood ,Medical Microbiology ,Salmonella enterica ,Child, Preschool ,Salmonella Infections ,Salmonella Typhimurium ,Female ,Seasons ,Pathogens ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Enterobacteriaceae ,Burkina Faso ,parasitic diseases ,Parasitic Diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Serotyping ,education ,Microbial Pathogens ,Demography ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Infant ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Tropical Diseases ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Malaria ,Age Groups ,Africa ,Immunology ,Population Groupings ,lcsh:Q ,People and places ,business - Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Salmonella Typhi and invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) frequently affect children living in rural sub-Saharan Africa but data about incidence and serotype distribution are rare. Objective The present study assessed the population-based incidence of Salmonella BSI and severe malaria in a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in a rural area with seasonal malaria transmission in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Methods Children between 2 months—15 years old with severe febrile illness were enrolled during a one-year surveillance period (May 2013—May 2014). Thick blood films and blood cultures were sampled and processed upon admission. Population-based incidences were corrected for non-referral, health seeking behavior, non-inclusion and blood culture sensitivity. Adjusted incidence rates were expressed per 100,000 person-years of observations (PYO). Results Among children < 5 years old, incidence rates for iNTS, Salmonella Typhi and severe malaria per 100,000 PYO were 4,138 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3,740–4,572), 224 (95% CI: 138–340) and 2,866 (95% CI: 2,538–3,233) respectively. Among those aged 5–15 years, corresponding incidence rates were 25 (95% CI: 8–60), 273 (95% CI: 203–355) and 135 (95% CI: 87–195) respectively. Most iNTS occurred during the peak of the rainy season and in parallel with the increase of Plasmodium falciparum malaria; for Salmonella Typhi no clear seasonal pattern was observed. Salmonella Typhi and iNTS accounted for 13.3% and 55.8% of all 118 BSI episodes; 71.6% of iNTS (48/67) isolates were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and 25.4% (17/67) Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis; there was no apparent geographical clustering. Conclusion The present findings from rural West-Africa confirm high incidences of Salmonella Typhi and iNTS, the latter with a seasonal and Plasmodium falciparum-related pattern. It urges prioritization of the development and implementation of Salmonella Typhi as well as iNTS vaccines in this setting.
- Published
- 2017
33. Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine Therapies and Selection of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 Alleles in Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Seydou Diallo Nakanabo, Innocent Valea, Karim Derra, Adama Kazienga, Tinga Robert Guiguemdé, Hermann Sorgho, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Odile Zampa, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, Zekiba Tarnagda, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Plasmodium ,Artemether/lumefantrine ,Protozoan Proteins ,lcsh:Medicine ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Parasitemia ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene Frequency ,Genotype ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Artemether ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Artemisinin ,Child ,lcsh:Science ,Protozoans ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Artesunate/amodiaquine ,Malarial Parasites ,Drugs ,Middle Aged ,Artemisinins ,Drug Combinations ,Treatment Outcome ,Ethanolamines ,Physical Sciences ,Female ,Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Plasmodium falciparum ,030106 microbiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,Amodiaquine ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Microbiology ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Antimalarials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Microbial Control ,Internal medicine ,Burkina Faso ,Parasite Groups ,parasitic diseases ,Parasitic Diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Molecular Biology ,Alleles ,Aged ,Pharmacology ,Fluorenes ,Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Tropical Diseases ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Parasitic Protozoans ,Malaria ,Multivariate Analysis ,Parasitology ,lcsh:Q ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Apicomplexa ,Mathematics - Abstract
The adoption of Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACT) constitutes a basic strategy for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, since cases of ACT resistance have been reported in South-East Asia, the need to understand P. falciparum resistance mechanism to ACT has become a global research goal. The selective pressure of ACT and the possibility that some specific Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles are associated with treatment failures was assessed in a clinical trial comparing ASAQ to AL in Nanoro. Dried blood spots collected on Day 0 and on the day of recurrent parasitaemia during the 28-day follow-up were analyzed using the restriction fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Pfcrt (codon76) and Pfmdr1 (codons 86, 184, 1034, 1042, and 1246) genes. Multivariate analysis of the relationship between the presence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles and treatment outcome was performed. AL and ASAQ exerted opposite trends in selecting Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1-N86Y alleles, raising the potential beneficial effect of using diverse ACT at the same time as first line treatments to reduce the selective pressure by each treatment regimen. No clear association between the presence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles carried at baseline and treatment failure was observed.
- Published
- 2016
34. Population-based incidence, seasonality and serotype distribution of invasive salmonellosis among children in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso.
- Author
-
Guiraud, Issa, Post, Annelies, Diallo, Seydou Nakanabo, Lompo, Palpouguini, Maltha, Jessica, Thriemer, Kamala, Tahita, Christian Marc, Ley, Benedikt, Derra, Karim, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Kazienga, Adama, Schurmans, Céline, Ravinetto, Raffaella, Rouamba, Eli, Van Griensven, Johan, Bertrand, Sophie, Tinto, Halidou, and Jacobs, Jan
- Subjects
SALMONELLA typhi ,SALMONELLA diseases ,PUBLIC health ,MALARIA ,CENTRAL line-associated bloodstream infections ,PATIENTS ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Salmonella Typhi and invasive non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) frequently affect children living in rural sub-Saharan Africa but data about incidence and serotype distribution are rare. Objective: The present study assessed the population-based incidence of Salmonella BSI and severe malaria in a Health and Demographic Surveillance System in a rural area with seasonal malaria transmission in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Methods: Children between 2 months—15 years old with severe febrile illness were enrolled during a one-year surveillance period (May 2013—May 2014). Thick blood films and blood cultures were sampled and processed upon admission. Population-based incidences were corrected for non-referral, health seeking behavior, non-inclusion and blood culture sensitivity. Adjusted incidence rates were expressed per 100,000 person-years of observations (PYO). Results: Among children < 5 years old, incidence rates for iNTS, Salmonella Typhi and severe malaria per 100,000 PYO were 4,138 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3,740–4,572), 224 (95% CI: 138–340) and 2,866 (95% CI: 2,538–3,233) respectively. Among those aged 5–15 years, corresponding incidence rates were 25 (95% CI: 8–60), 273 (95% CI: 203–355) and 135 (95% CI: 87–195) respectively. Most iNTS occurred during the peak of the rainy season and in parallel with the increase of Plasmodium falciparum malaria; for Salmonella Typhi no clear seasonal pattern was observed. Salmonella Typhi and iNTS accounted for 13.3% and 55.8% of all 118 BSI episodes; 71.6% of iNTS (48/67) isolates were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and 25.4% (17/67) Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis; there was no apparent geographical clustering. Conclusion: The present findings from rural West-Africa confirm high incidences of Salmonella Typhi and iNTS, the latter with a seasonal and Plasmodium falciparum-related pattern. It urges prioritization of the development and implementation of Salmonella Typhi as well as iNTS vaccines in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine Therapies and Selection of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 Alleles in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Derra, Karim, Diallo Nakanabo, Seydou, Tarnagda, Zekiba, Kazienga, Adama, Zampa, Odile, Valéa, Innocent, Sorgho, Hermann, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Ouédraogo, Jean-Bosco, Guiguemdé, Tinga Robert, and Tinto, Halidou
- Subjects
- *
AMODIAQUINE , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine) - Abstract
The adoption of Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACT) constitutes a basic strategy for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, since cases of ACT resistance have been reported in South-East Asia, the need to understand P. falciparum resistance mechanism to ACT has become a global research goal. The selective pressure of ACT and the possibility that some specific Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles are associated with treatment failures was assessed in a clinical trial comparing ASAQ to AL in Nanoro. Dried blood spots collected on Day 0 and on the day of recurrent parasitaemia during the 28-day follow-up were analyzed using the restriction fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Pfcrt (codon76) and Pfmdr1 (codons 86, 184, 1034, 1042, and 1246) genes. Multivariate analysis of the relationship between the presence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles and treatment outcome was performed. AL and ASAQ exerted opposite trends in selecting Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1-N86Y alleles, raising the potential beneficial effect of using diverse ACT at the same time as first line treatments to reduce the selective pressure by each treatment regimen. No clear association between the presence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles carried at baseline and treatment failure was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Effectiveness and safety of artemether–lumefantrine versus artesunate–amodiaquine for unsupervised treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in patients of all age groups in Nanoro, Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial.
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Derra, Karim, Diallo‑Nakanabo, Seydou, Tarnagda, Zekiba, Zampa, Odile, Kazienga, Adama, Valea, Innocent, Sorgho, Hermann, Owusu‑Dabo, Ellis, Ouedraogo, Jean‑Bosco, Guiguemde, Tinga Robert, and Tinto, Halidou
- Abstract
Background: Several studies have reported high efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) mostly under strict supervision of drug intake and limited to children less than 5 years of age. Patients over 5 years of age are usually not involved in such studies. Thus, the findings do not fully reflect the reality in the field. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of ACT in routine treatment of uncomplicated malaria among patients of all age groups in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Methods: A randomized open label trial comparing artesunate–amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether–lumefantrine (AL) was carried out from September 2010 to October 2012 at two primary health centres (Nanoro and Nazoanga) of Nanoro health district. A total of 680 patients were randomized to receive either ASAQ or AL without any distinction by age. Drug intake was not supervised as pertains in routine practice in the field. Patients or their parents/guardians were advised on the time and mode of administration for the 3 days treatment unobserved at home. Follow-up visits were performed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to evaluate clinical and parasitological resolution of their malaria episode as well as adverse events. PCR genotyping of merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (msp-1, msp-2) was used to differentiate recrudescence and new infection. Results: By day 28, the PCR corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response was 84.1 and 77.8 % respectively for ASAQ and AL. The cure rate was higher in older patients than in children under 5 years old. The risk of re-infection by day 28 was higher in AL treated patients compared with those receiving ASAQ (p < 0.00001). Both AL and ASAQ treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion: This study shows a lowering of the efficacy when drug intake is not directly supervised. This is worrying as both rates are lower than the critical threshold of 90 % required by the WHO to recommend the use of an antimalarial drug in a treatment policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Dynamic of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso.
- Author
-
Sondo, Paul, Derra, Karim, Tarnagda, Zekiba, Nakanabo, Seydou Diallo, Zampa, Odile, Kazienga, Adama, Valea, Innocent, Sorgho, Hermann, Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco, Guiguemde, Tinga Robert, and Tinto, Halidou
- Subjects
- *
PLASMODIUM falciparum , *CHLOROQUINE , *MALARIA , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
We investigated the evolution of Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after the withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso. A total of 675 clinical isolates collected from October 2010 to September 2012 were successfully genotyped. Single nucleotide polymorphism in Pfcrt (codon 76) gene was analyzed. The prevalence of resistant Pfcrt 76T allele was 20.55%. There was a progressive decrease of the proportion of mutant type pfcrt T76 from 2010 to 2012 (X2=5.508 p=0.0189). Our results suggest a progressive return of the wild type Pfcrt K76 in Burkina Faso but the prevalence of the mutants Pfcrt T76 still remains high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effectiveness and safety of artemether–lumefantrine versus artesunate–amodiaquine for unsupervised treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in patients of all age groups in Nanoro, Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Odile Zampa, Hermann Sorgho, Zekiba Tarnagda, Adama Kazienga, Halidou Tinto, Karim Derra, Seydou Diallo-Nakanabo, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Innocent Valea, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, and Tinga Robert Guiguemdé
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Artemether/lumefantrine ,Unsupervised-treatment ,Effectiveness ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Amodiaquine ,Artesunate–amodiaquine ,law.invention ,Antimalarials ,Randomized controlled trial ,Recurrence ,law ,Burkina Faso ,medicine ,Humans ,Artemether ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Child ,Adverse effect ,Fluorenes ,business.industry ,Research ,Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination ,Artesunate/amodiaquine ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Artemisinins ,Malaria ,Clinical trial ,Drug Combinations ,Infectious Diseases ,Ethanolamines ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Parasitology ,Artemether–lumefantrine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Several studies have reported high efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) mostly under strict supervision of drug intake and limited to children less than 5 years of age. Patients over 5 years of age are usually not involved in such studies. Thus, the findings do not fully reflect the reality in the field. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of ACT in routine treatment of uncomplicated malaria among patients of all age groups in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Methods A randomized open label trial comparing artesunate–amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether–lumefantrine (AL) was carried out from September 2010 to October 2012 at two primary health centres (Nanoro and Nazoanga) of Nanoro health district. A total of 680 patients were randomized to receive either ASAQ or AL without any distinction by age. Drug intake was not supervised as pertains in routine practice in the field. Patients or their parents/guardians were advised on the time and mode of administration for the 3 days treatment unobserved at home. Follow-up visits were performed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to evaluate clinical and parasitological resolution of their malaria episode as well as adverse events. PCR genotyping of merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (msp-1, msp-2) was used to differentiate recrudescence and new infection. Results By day 28, the PCR corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response was 84.1 and 77.8 % respectively for ASAQ and AL. The cure rate was higher in older patients than in children under 5 years old. The risk of re-infection by day 28 was higher in AL treated patients compared with those receiving ASAQ (p
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Enhanced effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention when coupled with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Bérenger Kaboré, Toussaint Rouamba, Eulalie Compaoré, Yssimini Nadège Guillène Tibiri, Hyacinthe Abd-El Latif Faïçal Kaboré, Karim Derra, Marc Christian Tahita, Hamidou Ilboudo, Gauthier Tougri, Ismaïla Bouda, Tikanou Dakyo, Hyacinthe Kafando, Florence Ouédraogo, Eli Rouamba, So-vii Franck Hien, Adama Kazienga, Cheick Saïd Compaoré, Estelle Bambara, Macaire Nana, Prabin Dahal, Franck Garanet, William Kaboré, Thierry Léfèvre, Philippe Guerin, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Malaria ,Malnutrition ,Seasonal chemo-prevention ,PlumpyDoz™ ,Vitamin A ,Zinc ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background In rural African settings, most of the children under the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) are also undernourished at the time of SMC delivery, justifying the need for packaging malarial and nutritional interventions. This study aimed at assessing the impact of SMC by coupling the intervention with nutrients supplementation for preventing malaria in children less than 5 years old in Burkina Faso. Methods A randomized trial was carried out between July 2020 and June 2021 in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Children (n = 1059) under SMC coverage were randomly assigned to one of the three study arms SMC + Vitamin A (SMC-A, n = 353) or SMC + Vitamin A + Zinc (SMC-AZc, n = 353) or SMC + Vitamin A + PlumpyDoz(tm) (SMC-APd, n = 353)-a medium quantity—lipid-based nutrient supplement (MQ-LNS). Children were followed up for one year that included an active follow-up period of 6 months with scheduled monthly home visits followed by 6 months passive follow-up. At each visit, capillary blood sample was collected for malaria diagnosis by rapid diagnosis test (RDT). Results Adding nutritional supplements to SMC had an effect on the incidence of malaria. A reduction of 23% (adjusted IRR = 0.77 (95%CI 0.61–0.97) in the odds of having uncomplicated malaria in SMC-APd arm but not with SMC-AZc arm adjusted IRR = 0.82 (95%CI 0.65–1.04) compare to control arm was observed. A reduction of 52%, adjusted IRR = 0.48 (95%CI 0.23–0.98) in the odds of having severe malaria was observed in SMC-APd arm compared to control arm. Besides the effect on malaria, this combined strategy had an effect on all-cause morbidity. More specifically, a reduction of morbidity odds of 24%, adjusted IRR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.60–0.94) in SMC-APd arm compared to control arm was observed. Unlike clinical episodes, no effect of nutrient supplementation on cross sectional asymptomatic infections was observed. Conclusion Adding nutritional supplements to SMC significantly increases the impact of this intervention for preventing children from malaria and other childhood infections. Trial registration: NCT04238845.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Efficacy and immunogenicity of R21/Matrix-M vaccine against clinical malaria after 2 years' follow-up in children in Burkina Faso: a phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial.
- Author
-
Datoo, Mehreen S, Natama, Hamtandi Magloire, Somé, Athanase, Bellamy, Duncan, Traoré, Ousmane, Rouamba, Toussaint, Tahita, Marc Christian, Ido, N Félix André, Yameogo, Prisca, Valia, Daniel, Millogo, Aida, Ouedraogo, Florence, Soma, Rachidatou, Sawadogo, Seydou, Sorgho, Faizatou, Derra, Karim, Rouamba, Eli, Ramos-Lopez, Fernando, Cairns, Matthew, and Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel
- Subjects
- *
RABIES vaccines , *EVALUATION research , *MALARIA , *BLIND experiment , *CLINICAL trials , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH methodology , *COMPARATIVE studies , *IMMUNOMODULATORS - Abstract
Background: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We previously reported the efficacy of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, which reached the WHO-specified goal of 75% or greater efficacy over 12 months in the target population of African children. Here, we report the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy results at 12 months following administration of a booster vaccination.Methods: This double-blind phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial was done in children aged 5-17 months in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Eligible children were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive three vaccinations of either 5 μg R21/25 μg Matrix-M, 5 μg R21/50 μg Matrix-M, or a control vaccine (the Rabivax-S rabies vaccine) before the malaria season, with a booster dose 12 months later. Children were eligible for inclusion if written informed consent could be provided by a parent or guardian. Exclusion criteria included any existing clinically significant comorbidity or receipt of other investigational products. A random allocation list was generated by an independent statistician by use of block randomisation with variable block sizes. A research assistant from the University of Oxford, independent of the trial team, prepared sealed envelopes using this list, which was then provided to the study pharmacists to assign participants. All vaccines were prepared by the study pharmacists by use of the same type of syringe, and the contents were covered with an opaque label. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and a potential correlate of efficacy with immunogenicity, measured as anti-NANP antibody titres, were evaluated over 1 year following the first booster vaccination. The population in which the efficacy analyses were done comprised all participants who received the primary series of vaccinations and a booster vaccination. Participants were excluded from the efficacy analysis if they withdrew from the trial within the first 2 weeks of receiving the booster vaccine. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03896724), and is continuing for a further 2 years to assess both the potential value of additional booster vaccine doses and longer-term safety.Findings: Between June 2, and July 2, 2020, 409 children returned to receive a booster vaccine. Each child received the same vaccination for the booster as they received in the primary series of vaccinations; 132 participants received 5 μg R21 adjuvanted with 25 μg Matrix-M, 137 received 5 μg R21 adjuvanted with 50 μg Matrix-M, and 140 received the control vaccine. R21/Matrix-M had a favourable safety profile and was well tolerated. Vaccine efficacy remained high in the high adjuvant dose (50 μg) group, similar to previous findings at 1 year after the primary series of vaccinations. Following the booster vaccination, 67 (51%) of 132 children who received R21/Matrix-M with low-dose adjuvant, 54 (39%) of 137 children who received R21/Matrix-M with high-dose adjuvant, and 121 (86%) of 140 children who received the rabies vaccine developed clinical malaria by 12 months. Vaccine efficacy was 71% (95% CI 60 to 78) in the low-dose adjuvant group and 80% (72 to 85) in the high-dose adjuvant group. In the high-dose adjuvant group, vaccine efficacy against multiple episodes of malaria was 78% (95% CI 71 to 83), and 2285 (95% CI 1911 to 2568) cases of malaria were averted per 1000 child-years at risk among vaccinated children in the second year of follow-up. Among these participants, at 28 days following their last R21/Matrix-M vaccination, titres of malaria-specific anti-NANP antibodies correlated positively with protection against malaria in both the first year of follow-up (Spearman's ρ -0·32 [95% CI -0·45 to -0·19]; p=0·0001) and second year of follow-up (-0·20 [-0·34 to -0·06]; p=0·02).Interpretation: A booster dose of R21/Matrix-M at 1 year following the primary three-dose regimen maintained high efficacy against first and multiple episodes of clinical malaria. Furthermore, the booster vaccine induced antibody concentrations that correlated with vaccine efficacy. The trial is ongoing to assess long-term follow-up of these participants and the value of further booster vaccinations.Funding: European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 (EDCTP2), Wellcome Trust, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.Translation: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Assessment of a combined strategy of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and supplementation with vitamin A, zinc and Plumpy’Doz™ to prevent malaria and malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open-label trial (SMC-NUT)
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Marc Christian Tahita, Toussaint Rouamba, Karim Derra, Bérenger Kaboré, Cheick Saïd Compaoré, Florence Ouédraogo, Eli Rouamba, Hamidou Ilboudo, Estelle Aïssa Bambara, Macaire Nana, Edmond Yabré Sawadogo, Hermann Sorgho, Athanase Mwinessobaonfou Somé, Innocent Valéa, Prabin Dahal, Maminata Traoré/Coulibaly, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Malaria ,Malnutrition ,Seasonal chemoprevention ,Plumpy’Doz™ ,Vitamin A ,Zinc ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Malaria and malnutrition represent major public health concerns worldwide especially in Sub-Sahara Africa. Despite implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis (SMC), an intervention aimed at reducing malaria incidence among children aged 3–59 months, the burden of malaria and associated mortality among children below age 5 years remains high in Burkina Faso. Malnutrition, in particular micronutrient deficiency, appears to be one of the potential factors that can negatively affect the effectiveness of SMC. Treating micronutrient deficiencies is known to reduce the incidence of malaria in highly prevalent malaria zone such as rural settings. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combined strategy of SMC together with a daily oral nutrients supplement will enhance the immune response and decrease the incidence of malaria and malnutrition among children under SMC coverage. Methods Children (6–59 months) under SMC coverage receiving vitamin A supplementation will be randomly assigned to one of the three study arms (a) SMC + vitamin A alone, (b) SMC + vitamin A + zinc, or (c) SMC + vitamin A + Plumpy’Doz™ using 1:1:1 allocation ratio. After each SMC monthly distribution, children will be visited at home to confirm drug administration and followed-up for 1 year. Anthropometric indicators will be recorded at each visit and blood samples will be collected for microscopy slides, haemoglobin measurement, and spotted onto filter paper for further PCR analyses. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of malaria in each arm. Secondary outcome measures will include mid-upper arm circumference and weight gain from baseline measurements, coverage and compliance to SMC, occurrence of adverse events (AEs), and prevalence of molecular markers of antimalarial resistance comprising Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, and Pfdhps. Discussion This study will demonstrate an integrated strategy of malaria and malnutrition programmes in order to mutualize resources for best impact. By relying on existing strategies, the policy implementation of this joint intervention will be scalable at country and regional levels. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04238845 . Registered on 23 January 2020 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04238845
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in symptomatic patients shows significant association with genetically diverse infections, anaemia, and asexual stage density
- Author
-
Paul Sondo, Biebo Bihoun, Marc Christian Tahita, Karim Derra, Toussaint Rouamba, Seydou Nakanabo Diallo, Adama Kazienga, Hamidou Ilboudo, Innocent Valea, Zekiba Tarnagda, Hermann Sorgho, Thierry Lefèvre, and Halidou Tinto
- Subjects
Malaria ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Gametocyte ,msp1 ,msp2 ,Multiplicity of infection ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Multi-genotype malaria infections are frequent in endemic area, and people commonly harbour several genetically distinct Plasmodium falciparum variants. The influence of genetic multiplicity and whether some specific genetic variants are more or less likely to invest into gametocyte production is not clearly understood. This study explored host and parasite-related risk factors for gametocyte carriage, and the extent to which some specific P. falciparum genetic variants are associated with gametocyte carriage. Methods Gametocytes and asexual forms were detected by light microscopy on thick smears collected between 2010 and 2012 in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 were genotyped by nested PCR on clinical samples. Associations between gametocyte carriage and factors, including multiplicity of infection, parasite density, patient age, gender, haemoglobin (Hb) level, and body temperature were assessed. The relationship between the presence of a particular msp1 and msp2 genetic variants and gametocyte carriage was also explored. Results Of the 724 samples positive to P. falciparum and successfully genotyped, gametocytes were found in 48 samples (6.63%). There was no effect of patient gender, age and body temperature on gametocyte carriage. However, the probability of gametocyte carriage significantly increased with increasing values of multiplicity of infection (MOI). Furthermore, there was a negative association between parasite density and gametocyte carriage. MOI decreased with parasite density in gametocyte-negative patients, but increased in gametocyte carriers. The probability of gametocyte carriage decreased with Hb level. Finally, the genetic composition of the infection influenced gametocyte carriage. In particular, the presence of RO33 increased the odds of developing gametocytes by 2 while the other allelic families K1, MAD20, FC27, and 3D7 had no significant impact on the occurrence of gametocytes in infected patients. Conclusion This study provides insight into potential factors influencing gametocyte production in symptomatic patients. The findings contribute to enhance understanding of risk factors associated with gametocyte carriage in humans. Trial registration NCT01232530.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.