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Conjunctival pigmented neoplasia can be benign, premalignant or malignant tumors. Our study aims to establish the epidemiological, gross morphological and immunohistopathological features of the conjunctival pigmented lesions in pediatric and adolescent patients (18 years), to establish an accurate diagnosis.This is a retrospective case series study conducted within two Ophthalmology Clinics from Iaşi, Romania, on seven pediatric and adolescent patients. Using the Clinical Observation Chart and the Pathology Registers over a six-years period (January 2015-December 2021), we noted the patients' demographic data, clinical data, and ophthalmological investigations of the lesion, as well as the type of their treatment. All histological sections stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and with five antibodies [pan-cytokeratin (pan-CK) AE1∕AE3, S100 protein, Melan A, human melanoma black 45 (HMB45), and Ki67] were re-examined by four pathologists for each case, to identify the type of the conjunctival lesion and its histological and immunohistochemical features.The mean age of all patients was 10.28 years, and the female∕male ratio was 1.3. Right eye was more often affected (71.42%). 71.42% of cases presented an elevated lesion, 57.14% of cases showed a lightly pigmented lesion, but 14.28% of cases exhibited a pink lesion and this feature described the inflamed juvenile conjunctival nevus. In all cases (100%) the conjunctival pigmented tumor was removed with safety margins. The microscopic examination revealed a compound melanocytic nevus in 57.14% cases, a junctional conjunctival nevus in 14.28% cases, an inflamed juvenile nevus in 14.28% cases, and a conjunctival melanoma arising from a pre-existing nevus in 14.28% cases. In all cases of nevi, the nevoid melanocytes showed strong immunopositivity for Melan A and S100 protein, variable and weak immunopositivity for HMB45, and a mean Ki67 labeling index of 1.71%. Conjunctival melanoma revealed strong immunopositivity of tumor cells for HMB45, Melan A and S100 protein, and a Ki67 labeling index of 20%. In all cases, the conjunctival epithelium showed strong immunopositivity for pan-CK AE1∕AE3. All our cases (100%) had a favorable outcome after the surgical removal of the tumor.Any excision of a conjunctival pigmented lesion must be subject to a systematic immunohistopathological examination, and there is a set of antibodies (anti-HMB45 and anti-Ki67) that are useful for differential diagnosis between a conjunctival nevus and a conjunctival melanoma.

Objective Identifying the morphological features of thymus in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and concomitant Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), which were recruited from a single surgical unit of a tertiary referral hospital located in the North-Eastern region of Romania, over a period of 11 years. Patients, materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical, imaging, laboratory, thymic pathology, and outcome data that were obtained from medical records of patients with MG and concomitant HT, to whom a thymectomy was performed for a suspected thymic lesion. All the surgical interventions were done in the Third Clinic of Surgery, St. Spiridon Emergency County Hospital, Iasi, Romania, for an 11 years' period, i.e., from January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. Results Four patients (three females and one male) were included. The mean age of the patients at the time of their thymectomy was 40.25 years. Of all patients, 75% had moderate or severe MG, 100% had anti-AChR antibodies, and an electromyographic decrement greater than 25%. All patients have been diagnosed with HT in their past medical history by a full thyroid panel [high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values, low free thyroxine (fT4) values, and the presence of the anti-thyroid antibodies] and all of them have been treated with Euthyrox. Our four patients expressed different MG subtypes, each of them being associated with different thymus pathology. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed heterogeneous mediastinal masses and established the correct diagnosis only in 25% of cases. The pathological exams also revealed a heterogeneous pattern of thymic lesions. In contrast with other studies, our patients with MG with anti-AChR antibodies and concomitant HT presented atrophic thymus more frequently (50%), but with particular morphological changes of Hassall's corpuscles. Also, 25% of cases were diagnosed with thymic lympho-follicular hyperplasia (TLFH) associated with thymic epithelial hyperplasia. In B2 thymoma, neoplastic epithelial cells expressed cytokeratin 19 (CK19) immunoreactivity, high Ki67 labeling index and strong p63 immunopositivity. Conclusions In our series, MG and HT occurred simultaneously, or one of them was diagnosed before the other, raising some new questions regarding the immune mechanism of these two autoimmune diseases. Due to the heterogeneous morphological changes of the thymus that we found in this study, we can hypothesize that thymus is involved in the pathogenic mechanism of MG with anti-AChR-antibodies and concomitant HT development.

Autologous fat transfer is widely used by plastic surgeons for aesthetic and reconstructive purpose, but it has a great disadvantage because of its high variability rate of resorption. Numerous studies have examined the use of different agents to increase the viability of fat grafts. The results were discouraging because the use of a single angiogenic factor to stimulate fat graft angiogenesis may be inappropriate. We proposed to use two pharmacological factors, erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin (INS), in order to decrease the resorption rate, to improve graft vascularization, and to reduce the number of complications. Twenty-four Wistar male rats were randomly divided in four groups (I-IV) of six animals each. The rats belonging to control group were given autologous transfer of simple fat. In group II, the graft was improved with EPO, in group III with INS, and in group IV both pharmacological agents were administered. Histological evaluation of the grafts at two months after injection demonstrated adipocyte survival in all four groups. The volume of the graft has progressively decreased in all groups and the difference in graft volume at one and two months after transplantation was not significant. The highest maintenance of fat graft volume (95%) at two months was observed in group IV, followed by group II and group III. Necrotic cystic changes and increased fibrosis were most extensive in the control group. The combination of INS with EPO may have a synergistic and additive effect. Efficient administration and dose optimization of these growth factors are important things to consider in the future.

Objective Parasagittal and falcine meningiomas are still a challenge in terms of surgical resection. Although maximal safe resection is the main therapeutic approach, numerous postoperative complications can still occur depending on the locations of these tumors. Moreover, previous studies have reported that parasagittal meningiomas have a higher recurrence rate than meningiomas with other locations. Patients, materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients with parasagittal and falcine atypical meningiomas [World Health Organization (WHO) grade II], nine of whom had their superior sagittal sinus (SSS) invaded by the tumor. We reviewed the demographic information, operative notes, pathological reports, and clinical and imagistic follow-up reports of each patient over a 5-year time span. Results All the patients were surgically treated, and the tumor removal was grade II according to Simpson's grading system in 47.6% and grade III in 19% of the cases. The SSS was invaded in 42.9% of the patients. No immediate mortality or morbidity was revealed by our study. Tumor recurrence/progression documented on postoperative imaging amounted to 14.3% and 19%, 12 and 24 months after surgery, respectively. Furthermore, 36, 48 and 60 months after the surgery, the recurrence rate remained the same, namely in 9.5% of the cases. The recurrence was higher in patients with SSS invasion than in patients with no SSS invasion. The tumor recurrence was slightly more predominant in women, i.e., 6% higher than in the male group. Conclusions In our group of patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas, we report a 47.6% Simpson II resection rate and 19% Simpson III resection rate associated with a very low complication rate and no immediately postoperative morbidity and mortality, compared to more aggressive techniques. The recurrence of parasagittal meningiomas predominated after grade III and IV Simpson resection and dural sinus invasion was a negative predictive factor for recurrence. Therefore, the surgery of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas is beneficial, both for tumor control, but also for improving neurological outcome. Aggressive meningioma resection should be balanced with the increased neurosurgical risk.

Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures that cannot be associated with other specific causes. The presence of a single convulsive or tonic seizure after a stroke does not necessarily mean that a person develops a form of epilepsy unless the convulsions become chronic and recurrent poststroke epilepsy. The purpose of our study is to highlight the existence of a connection between the type and the topography of a vascular stroke on the one hand, and on the other hand, the type of seizures that have occurred and how long they have occurred after the stroke. The study was conducted in a total of 165 patients at the Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iaşi, Romania, diagnosed with stroke and spastic seizures after stroke and who survived for at least one year. In this study, the ideal patient should be the patient diagnosed for the first time with temporal lobe epilepsy, followed longitudinally by high-resolution imaging techniques. Studying topography and morphopathology of poststroke sequelae can lead to an increase in accuracy prediction of epilepsy after it.

Introduction Brain metastases (BMs) originating in colorectal cancer (CRC) have a significant importance for patients' survival. Because in literature there are only isolated case reports and only few series published on this issue, we aimed to assess the incidence of BMs from CRC, to identify patient's characteristics and BMs clinical, histopathological (HP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) features, and to compare the data we obtained with those from literature. Patients, materials and methods We present a retrospective study of 27 histologically confirmed cases of BMs from CRC among all 1040 patients who received metastasectomy in the Department of Neurosurgery, Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, in an eight-year period (January 2011 to December 2018). Patients' characteristics (gender, age), primary tumor location, time from primary tumor surgery to BMs surgery and BMs features (number, location and HP characteristics) were investigated. Histochemical [Alcian Blue (AB) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)] staining and IHC stainings for cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK20, caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)∕neu were performed on all available BMs specimens. Results There were 27 consecutive patients with BMs from CRC, corresponding to 2.59% of all patients with BMs during the eight-year period we have studied, most of them being diagnosed and treated in 2016. Male:female ratio was 1.45. The mean age for all patients at diagnosis of the BMs was 62.25 years (range: 40-79 years). The origin of the primary cancer was mainly the colon (62.96% of all cases). Of all 27 patients, only two (7.4%) presented neurological symptoms without a diagnosis of CRC. BMs were identified in a period ranging from six months to 70 months after the initial diagnosis. The average time between diagnosis of the primary tumor and of the BMs was 25.92 months. At the moment of the diagnosis of BMs, 17 (62.96%) patients also had other systemic metastases. Most of the cases (55.55%) were situated in the supratentorial compartment. IHC stainings were negative for CK7 and positive for CK20 and CDX2 in all BMs from colonic adenocarcinomas (ADCs), a profile consistent with a non-neuronal and gastric origin. AB and PAS stainings revealed pools of extracellular mucin, especially in cases of mucinous ADC. Ki67 labeling index ranged between 90% and 100%. IHC staining with anti-HER2∕neu antibody showed in 25 (96.15%) cases a strong and diffuse aberrant nuclear staining. Conclusions BMs originating in CRC represent a rare pathology and have particular clinical and IHC features that could vary from one series to another series. In a few cases, BMs may be diagnosed in the absence of a known CRC diagnosis and in these situations, the correct diagnosis is of interest. However, a panel of antibodies can help in establishing a correct diagnosis. Our study was among the first to analyze the HER2∕neu expression pattern in BMs from CRC and we found a strong aberrant nuclear expression of this molecular marker on IHC investigation. Related to the data published so far in the literature, it is possible that HER2∕neu aberrant expression in the tumor nuclei of the BMs from our series may express the metastatic tumor cell phenotype that was previously subjected to cytostatics and radiation therapies. As such, we suggest that HER2∕neu aberrant expression in BMs originating in CRC could represent a proof for the worst prognosis of these patients.

Since ancient times, physicians of antiquity noted the occurrence of priapism in some spinal cord injuries. Although priests saw it as a consequence of curses and witchcraft, after clinical observations of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the first medical hypotheses emerged in the 17th-19th centuries completed and argued by neuroscience and neurology developed in the European laboratories and hospitals. This study aims to present a short overview of the history of clinical observations of posttraumatic male priapism after spinal cord injuries since antiquity until the beginning of the 20th century.

Background∕Aim: Atypical meningiomas (AMs) account for about 30% of all meningiomas and it is difficult to predict their behavior. Nevertheless, the identification of protein markers responsible for the regulation of cell proliferation can be helpful. The purpose of this study is to find possible correlations between demographical characteristics of patients with AMs, tumor anatomic location, and intratumoral immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Ki-67 labeling index (LI).We carried out a retrospective review of 29 patients with intracranial AMs [World Health Organization (WHO) grade II] who underwent resection of AMs at "Professor Dr. Nicolae Oblu" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iaşi, Romania, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. We searched for their demographic characteristics (age and gender) and tumor location from patients' medical files. The histological slides were reviewed in order to assess the Ki-67 LI.Out of the 29 patients analyzed, 51.72% were females having AMs, with a mean Ki-67 LI of 8.6%, and 48.27% were males with AMs, revealing a mean Ki-67 LI of 8.5%. Considering tumor anatomic location, 82.75% were non-skull base AMs (presenting a mean Ki-67 LI of 8.9%) and 17.24% were skull base AMs (showing a mean Ki-67 LI of 8.2%). Although we did not find any statistically significant correlation between gender, age, tumor anatomic localization, and Ki-67 expression, our study revealed that the mean Ki-67 LI for AMs was 8.7% (ranging from 6% to 15%) and was close to values obtained by other authors. In terms of gender distribution, we have noticed that AMs diagnosed in male patients had a mean Ki-67 LI almost equal to that in female patients even though some studies found Ki-67∕MIB-1 LIs significantly higher in male patients than in female patients. Also, we did not find any significant correlation between Ki-67 LI and tumor anatomic location as reported by other studies.Despite the fact that statistically we could not find any significant correlation regarding patients' gender and age, tumor anatomic location, and Ki-67 LI expressed by AMs, IHC detection of Ki-67 antigen remains an important tool in addition to routine histological evaluation, which can be used to predict tumor behavior of meningiomas.

Warthin tumor is described using various terms, such as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, adenolymphoma or monomorphic adenoma. It is a medical condition related to the salivary glands, namely a benign cystic tumor which contains an epithelial component and an abundant lymphoid stroma. It is also named Warthin tumor after Aldred Scott Warthin, the pathologist who described this entity in 1929 by observing it in two patients. Warthin tumor is a benign one and ranks secondly in terms of the most common not malignant salivary gland tumor located in the parotid gland. Because of its cystic nature, from the clinical point of view, it appears to be a slow-growing tumor often fluctuant on palpation. In terms of the treatment of choice, complete excision with wide tumor-free margins is preferred. The aim of the present article is to evaluate possible correlations between clinical-pathological features and postoperative complications in a target group made up of 10 patients diagnosed with Warthin tumor of the parotid gland admitted for surgery in a period of 21 years and to compare the results with literature.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignant epithelial tumor of the periocular area. The clinical and histological classification of periocular basal cell carcinoma (pBCC) is essential in order to establish the risk of recurrence and to compare the results of the treatment. Until now, there is no unitary histological classification of pBCC.The aim of this study is to identify the demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics of adult patients with pBCC, in order to obtain useful data for comparison in other investigations and to identify the histological origin of this eyelid tumor, as there are only hypothesis on this issue.A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on a series of 39 consecutive patients over the age of 20, who were surgically treated for pBCC in the 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic of the "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu" Emergency Clinical Hospital from Iaşi, Romania, over an 11-year period (July 2007-February 2018). The analyzed data were the following: date of resection, patient age at resection, gender, tumor location, histological subtype, and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression patterns of anti-cytokeratin (CK) antibodies (anti-CK AE1∕AE3, anti-CK5∕6, anti-CK7, anti-CK17, anti-CK19, anti-CK20) and anti-epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibody.A total of 39 histopathologically diagnosed cases of pBCC were evaluated. The mean age at resection was of 66 years (range: 26-87 years). As for gender, 17 (43.6%) were male patients, with a mean age of 64.84 years (range: 26-78 years) and 22 (56.4%) were female patients, with a mean age of 66.68 years (range: 46-87 years). The pBCC occurred on the right side in 18 (46.2%) cases and on the left in 21 (53.8%) cases. Of all removed specimens, 24 (61.53%) involved the lower eyelid, seven (17.94%) the medial canthus, five (12.82%) the upper eyelid, and three (7.62%) lacked the specification of the site. The most common histological subtype was nodular, accounting for 26 (66.7%) cases. Adenoid BCC was identified in four (10.3%) cases, and morpheaform in one (2.6%) case. Squamous differentiation (basosquamous subtype) was identified in eight (20.5%) cases. The IHC profile of pBCC included: strong immunopositivity for CK AE1∕AE3, and CK17 all histological subtypes, and CK5∕6 positivity only in squamous differentiation areas. No immunopositivity was identified for CK19, CK20, and EMA IHC staining.Our retrospective study indicates that most of pBCCs developed particularly in elderly female patients and tumors were located in the lower eyelid with a left side and lower eyelid preferences. Most of our pBCC cases were histologically classified as nodular subtype, and morpheaform and basosquamous form affected mostly the lower eyelid. pBCC IHC profile showed a strong immunopositivity for CK17, thus suggesting that the origin of this cancer is in the follicular germinative cells. We can conclude that our results showed a demographic, clinical, histological, and IHC profile which seems to be representative for Central and Eastern European countries, maybe due to the same genetic predisposition and environmental factors.

Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are pathologies caused by the primary or secondary damage of one or more arteries supplying the brain. Our study aims to create a link between the modifiable risk factors, the affected vascular territory and the clinical manifestation of CVD in patients from our geographical area. Our study proposes the retrospective analysis of a group of 70 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke with spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation over a period of five years, between April 1, 2015 and April 1, 2018, admitted in the 1st Neurology Clinic, "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iaşi, Romania. The pathology of strokes is determined by risk factors and comorbidities, which have a clear demographic pattern. The existence of a correlation between demographic risk factors of CVD and the clinical manifestation allows for the individualization of a clinical examination protocol leading to a rapid diagnosis.

Resistant hypertension is defined by the inability to maintain within normal limits the blood pressure values of an individual, while he is under treatment with maximal tolerated doses of three antihypertensive agents. One of the most common types of resistant hypertension is renovascular hypertension (RVH), which is caused by the narrowing of the renal arteries, in the context of existing atherosclerotic plaques at that level. We are presenting the case of a hypertensive 56-year-old man admitted in the Clinic of Cardiology for a sudden rise of his blood pressure values, despite undergoing the scheduled treatment. The abdominal bruit discovered at the clinical examination and the hypokalemia, together with the mild impairment of the renal function raised the suspicion of an existing stenosis of the main renal blood vessels. Simple grey scale kidney ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound of the renal arteries, abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries, along with invasive renal angiography demonstrated a smaller right kidney, adrenal incidentalomas, reduced vascular diameter of renal arteries due to atheromatous lesions, thrombosis of the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta, and reduced vascular hemodynamics in the same territories. After the renal arteries revascularization and with minimal antihypertensive treatment, the patient had a favorable outcome, with normalization of blood pressure and renal function. Atherosclerotic disease causing renal artery stenosis is essential to be taken into consideration in the etiopathogenesis of resistant hypertension especially because RVH is a potentially curable disease.

Gastrointestinal carcinomas represent the most common cancers worldwide. The coexistence of gastric cancer with metachronous colon cancer represents a rare phenomenon, and the prognosis of the patient is poor. We present here a case of an elderly patient with primary gastric intestinal type well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (pT3N0, stage IIA) who developed a metachronous right-sided colon cancer diagnosed and treated after 11 years from the first surgical intervention. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (strongly positive staining for cytokeratin 20 and CDX2), pT3N0 stage IIA. The patient is still alive and active after 16 years from his first surgical intervention, even though no treatment has done after the removal of his second cancer. In conclusion, in any case of gastric cancer, first the surgeon, and then the general practitioner should be alert to recognize a second primary tumor with different origin and to perform complete postoperative control. The correct diagnosis could lead to the patients' best prognosis.

The inverted sino-nasal papilloma is a benign epithelial lesion, ranging from 1% to 5% of the tumors that reside in this area. It is characterized by a tendency towards local bone destruction, recurrence and malignant transformation. This is a presentation of two cases diagnosed and surgically treated for malignant inverted papiloma, which started in the epithelium of the maxillary sinuses. The cases had in common the late presentation of the patient to the surgeon, thus the local destruction was significant with extension towards the eye socket and the base of the skull. The treatment of choice was the surgical resection of the maxillary bone with a prosthetic reconstruction of the defect followed by radiotherapy. After a careful analysis of the two cases, a series of statements regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this rare pathology were recommended.

The symptomatic choroidal metastasis is a rare manifestation of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to present a clinical case of choroidal metastasis associated with multiple intracerebral metastases from a papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung diagnosed simultaneously with its metastases. We present the case of a 40-year-old male patient, smoker, admitted to the Neurosurgery Clinic II, "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu" Emergency Hospital, Iassy, Romania, for right hemiparesis, headache, right visual loss, dysphonia and swallowing disorders occurring six days earlier. Previous medical history showed that he was diagnosed with a stage IV cancer located in the lower lobe of the left lung a week before. Ophthalmoscopic examination of the right eye revealed total secondary serous retinal detachment. Contrast cranial-cerebral computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple lesions compatible with the diagnosis of supratentorial intracerebral metastases in the left hemisphere, as well as an intraocular choroidal metastasis. The rolandic brain tumor was surgically removed and the cyto- and histopathological exam established the diagnosis of an intracerebral metastasis from a papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung. After a week, the patient was referred to an oncology unit for the initiation of oncology and palliative care. We emphasize the importance of an ophthalmological screening of patients with intracerebral metastases in order to eventually identify a choroidal metastasis, as the recognition and early treatment of this entity could improve the quality of patient's life.

Prostaglandins were highlighted in the seminal plasma and then in the rest of the male and female genital tract. Prostaglandin analogs, firstly used in obstetrics and gynecology, are now widespread in both sexes, especially in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, glaucoma, etc. Therefore, we tried to highlight the effects of repeated administration of Cloprostenol and CIPG isopropyl ester (both prostaglandin F2α analogs) for the male gonad. In our experiment, we used Cloprostenol and CIPG isopropyl ester. We used three groups of white, male mice, aged 50-80 days, kept in standard laboratory conditions, which received the same feed. Each group included 12 mice. The first batch was the control group and received no substance at all. The second batch received 25 μg/kg of Cloprostenol dose per body per day, intraperitoneal administration (a single dose per day) on a daily basis for a four weeks period of time. The third batch received a 25 μg/kg CIPG isopropyl ester dose per body/day intraperitoneal administration (a single dose per day) on a daily basis for a four weeks period of time. After 7, 14 and 28 days of treatment, we sacrificed four animals in each of the batches by cutting their carotid arteries. The prostanoid analogs we used, Cloprostenol and CIPG isopropyl ester, have similar actions on male gonad in mice. These analogs induced significant changes in the evolution of the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. In relation to the treatment duration there were cellular changes suggesting apoptosis in different stages. With regard to spermiogenesis, the ultrastructural aspects indicate a decrease of the sperm structuring processes, especially in the acrosomal apparatus and chromatin.

Virulent bacteria could cause gingival fibroblasts apoptosis through lipopolysaccharide release during generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) development and evolution. We showed that treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) for 30 days induced the decrease in the number of cultured rat gingival fibroblasts as compared to control group, which received no treatment. GAgP is considered to have also a genetic etiology, so the aim of our study was to evaluate if some polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA) and interleukin 1A (IL-1A) genes are associated with GAgP in a sample of Romanian population. We selected a group of 32 subjects (22 cases and 10 controls) for studying the TNFA (-857) polymorphism and 97 subjects (66 cases and 31 controls) for IL-1A (-889) polymorphism. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction for all subjects. The genotype and allelic distribution tended to be equally between the cases and the controls group. Similar results were obtained for the dominant and recessive model. The difference between the two groups did not reach statistic significance for neither of the two studied polymorphisms [p=0.76 for TNFA (-857) and p=0.84 for IL-1A (-889)]. The data suggest that TNFA (-857) C/T and IL-1A (-889) C/T polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to GAgP in this Romanian population, potentially because of the small sample size. This is the first such study for Romanian northeastern population.

The present experiment aims to formulate and characterize a new phytotherapy ointment based on a total extract of Hypericum perforatum included in a novel ointment base. In order to investigate the healing properties of the ointment, in vivo experimental wound models of linear incision, circular excision and thermal burn were performed on Wistar rats. Topical treatment was achieved daily, for 21 days. Clinical and macroscopic evaluation, determination of wound contraction rate, period of re-epithelialization, and histopathological examination were achieved, along with the determination of the particle diameter and particle size distribution of the ointment. The results demonstrate that the tested novel ointment has significant wound healing effect in skin injuries and reveals to be safe for use.

Intraventricular tumors represent a diagnostic problem, due to a wide range of differential diagnosis, with an important variability of tumoral histological types in adult and pediatric population. Patient,Our case is represented by a patient, aged 48 years, without any history of significant personal pathology, accusing nausea, vomiting, and intensive headache. In the morning, he became confused, having hallucinations for a short period of time, and has accused drowsiness for several weeks. Imaging (CT and MRI) shows a neoformation in the third ventricle, accompanied by bilateral lateral ventricles dilatation, with predominantly annular enhancement. During surgery, through the middle third transcallosal interhemispheric approach, it was revealed a reddish, well-demarcated intraventricular mass, well vascularized and with a firm consistency. Final pathologic diagnosis was metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. Initial postoperative evolution was good, and then neurological and respiratory condition worsened as a bronchopneumonia lead to patient's death in 12 days after surgery.Clear cell carcinoma metastasis located in the third ventricle should be taken into consideration for patients presenting a single intraventricular lesion even they have no documented primary malignancy.